Archive

25 October 2023, Volume 35 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue
---
Crop Science
Animal Science
Horticultural Science
Plant Protection
Environmental Science
Food Science
Biosystems Engineering
Agricultural Economy and Development
Review


For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX

Toggle Thumbnails

Crop Science

Select

Effects of exogenous 6-BA and KH2PO4 on antioxidant enzymes and anaerobic respiratory enzymes activities in wheat roots under waterlogging at post-flowering stage GENG Bingjie, YE Miaomiao, CHEN Yan, WANG Mengchang, MA Shangyu, HUANG Zhenglai, ZHANG Wenjing, FAN Yonghui 2023, 35(10):  2275-2285.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221487 Abstract ( 268 )   HTML ( 1840250965 )   PDF (1524KB) ( 650 )   To investigate the effects of different exogenous substances on the growth and development of root system in waterlogged wheat plants, the cultivar Yangmai 18 was used as the experimental material. The plants were subjected to either waterlogging treatment for 9 days (W9) or normal irrigation (W0) during the flowering stage. Different exogenous substances were sprayed on the foliage, including distilled water (T0), 0.01 mmol·L-1 6-BA (T1), 0.3% KH2PO4 (T2), and a mixture of 0.01 mmol·L-1 6-BA and 0.3% KH2PO4 (T3). The effects of these exogenous substances on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and anaerobic respiratory enzymes in wheat root system were studied. The results showed that under W0 conditions, foliar application of 0.3% KH2PO4 and 0.01 mmol·L-1 6-BA could improve the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in the root system, increase the 1 000-grain weight of wheat, and ultimately enhance the yield. Under W9 treatment, the activities of SOD, ADH, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the wheat root system in the 0-60 cm soil layer were significantly reduced to varying degrees, while the activity of POD and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased. However, the application of 0.3% KH2PO4 and 0.01 mmol·L-1 6-BA significantly increased the activities of SOD, ADH, and LDH in the root system in each soil layer, reduced the activity of POD and the content of MDA. In particular, the combination of 0.01 mmol·L-1 6-BA and 0.3% KH2PO4 significantly improved the antioxidant capacity and anaerobic respiration capacity of the wheat root system, resulting in 23.34% and 37.43% increase in 1 000-grain weight and yield compared to the waterlogged treatment. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Animal Science

Select

Composition, classification and correlation analysis of bacteria in digestive tract of Opsariichthys bidens under sand filter mode HAN Mingming, ZHAN Wei, HUANG Fuyong, LI Fangxing, LOU Bao 2023, 35(10):  2286-2298.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221283 Abstract ( 181 )   HTML ( 25 )   PDF (3263KB) ( 570 )   Being an important stream fish, Opsariichthys bidens is widely distributed in all freshwater basins in China and occupies an important economic position.Microorganisms are closely related to the growth and health of fish. In order to improve the efficient and healthy aquaculture of O. bidens, the PCR amplification of the V3-V4 region of the total DNA in the digestive tract of O. bidens was performed to determine the composition, classification and correlations of the dominant bacteria. The results showed that among the dominant bacteria in the digestive tract of O. bidens, Bacillota, Bacteroidota, Fusobacteriota, Proteobacteria accounted for 79.32%, 4.75%, 2.55%, 1.69%, respectively. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Mycoplasma was the highest, which accounted for 77.50% of the total bacterial genera. The relative abundance of Mycoplasma was significantly (P<0.05) negatively correlated with Flavobacterium and Haliangium. Juged by the abunce of dominant bacteria in feed, aquaculture water and the surface of fliter sand, the main source of bacteria in the digestive tract was feed, which was followed by aquaculture water and filter sand. The sand filter played a certain role in filtering water, which basically met the requirements of healthy aquaculture of O. bidens in this system. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Identification and validation of differential proteins in liver of New Zealand rabbits at different months of age LIU Fangcheng, WANG Feng, BI Donglin, YANG Dongliang, YANG Xiaoli, BAI Jialin, LI Qiongyi 2023, 35(10):  2299-2310.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221467 Abstract ( 185 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (6216KB) ( 447 )   Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is an acute and highly fatal infectious disease caused by Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). The mortality rate of adult rabbits is more than 90%, but 2-week-old young rabbits are not affected. Based on the differences in the susceptibility of young rabbits and adult rabbits to RHDV, tandem mass tage (TMT) proteomics technology was used to detect and quantitatively analyze the proteins in liver of young rabbits (2 weeks old) and adult rabbits (6 months old). 4 353 proteins were quantitatively obtained from the liver of young rabbits and adult rabbits, and 821 differential proteins were screened. Among them, 294 proteins were significantly up-regulated and 527 proteins were significantly down-regulated in the liver of adult rabbits compared with young rabbits. The results of GO functional enrichment analysis showed that 145 small molecule metabolic proteins, 111 redox-related proteins and 478 proteins involved in metabolic processes were mainly enriched in biological processes; 528 extracellular component proteins, 139 mitochondrial proteins and 366 cytoplasmic proteins were mainly enriched in cellular components; and 342 catalytic active proteins, 93 redox active proteins and 50 coenzyme binding proteins were mainly enriched in molecular functions. A total of 47 KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) signaling pathways were annotated in 821 liver differential proteins in the KEGG pathway database, mainly involving metabolic pathways, carbon metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation and splicing bodies. The analysis of differential protein interaction network in liver of young and adult rabbits showed that MRPS15 had the highest correlation degree, and the differential protein cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) had more interaction in the interaction network. To explore the mechanism of infection difference between young and adult rabbits from the protein level, and to screen and analyze the differential proteins in liver of young and adult rabbits, it is expected to become a breakthrough point in the construction of RHDV in vitro amplification cell lines, and provide new research ideas for the construction of cell lines suitable for RHDV in vitro amplification. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Construction and preliminary application of the universal transfer vector in recombination of Bovine herpes virus type 1 DAI Shasha, MA Xiaojing, WANG Jingsong, TIAN Xingmiao, WANG Jianlin, LI Jidong 2023, 35(10):  2311-2320.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221496 Abstract ( 161 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (3534KB) ( 370 )   The study aimed to construct a universal transfer vector that could be used for recombination of Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1). The vector prPP with bidirectional promoter and two multiple cloning sites was constructed by insertion of another CMV promoter at the reverse site of the pVAX1 CMV promoter. The universal transfer vector prPgP was constructed by putting the green fluorescent protein marker gene downstream the reverse CMV promoter. Using the BHV-1 glycoprotein gE as the recombination site, the gE upstream and downstream homology arm was inserted into two multiple cloning sites of the prPgP vector respectively. Following, the recombinant transfer vector p△gErPgP-E2 was constructed by placing the Bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV) E2 gene as exogenous gene under the forward CMV promoter. The plasmid p△gErPgP-E2 was transfected with Madin-Darby Bovine kidney (MDBK) infected with BHV-1 to generate recombinant viruses. The recombinant viruses were screened, purified, identified, and named as rBHV-1-△gE/E2. The report gene GFP and BVDV E2 was expressed normally by fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that the recombinant universal vector prPgP could be convenient for BHV-1 recombination and be used in related research and its vaccine development. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Horticultural Science

Select

Effects on accumulation of cadmium and antioxidant system of different Morchella spp. under cadmium stress FAN Liying, FAN Tingting, TONG Zongjun, LIANG Liyun, ZHAO Zhiyong, CHEN Hui, ZHOU Changyan, ZHAO Xiaoyan 2023, 35(10):  2321-2331.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221550 Abstract ( 185 )   HTML ( 26 )   PDF (8058KB) ( 456 )   Morchella spp., as a kind of edible fungus cultivated in soil, faces the risk of exposure and accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in the soil environment. In this study, the commonly used cultivars Morchella sextelata M25 and Morchella importuna I15 were selected as test materials to compare and analyze the effects of Cd stress on mycelium physiology and Cd accumulation, specifically including the differences in mycelial growth rate, biomass, microstructure, antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant active substances and Cd content. The results showed that I15 had stronger ability of Cd accumulation than M25. The catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid (AsA) contents of the different Morchella spp. showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of Cd concentration, but the GR, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activities and glutathione (GSH) contents of I15 were higher than M25. Combining the physiology and Cd accumulation capacity of the different Morchella spp., it found that I15 had stronger accumulation ability, better grow, less damage under Cd stress than M25, also had stronger defense ability against cell damage in the glutathione transformation system. The results of this study not only laid the foundation for the screening of Morchella spp. Cd-resistant strains and the innovation of Cd-containing soil cultivation models, but also provided new insights for fungal bioremediation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Preliminary screening of Northern Salix (Salix psammophila) architecture related genes based on RNA-Seq analysis and quantitative PCR technique HE Rong, ZHAO Kai, HE Yujiao, ALATENG Suhe, WANG Aijun, NING Jing, HAN Ruoshuang, SUN Guirong, ZHANG Guosheng 2023, 35(10):  2332-2345.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221404 Abstract ( 192 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (2210KB) ( 508 )   In order to construct a molecularly assisted breeding system for efficient targeted breeding of Salix psammophila architectures, a combination of transcriptome sequencing in the hydroponic population and quantitative PCR analysis in the field training population was used to explore candidate gene mining techniques related to Salix psammophila architectures, using the correlation coefficient between gene expression (FPKM value) and ratio of crown and height in RNA-Seq analysis as predictive values. The results showed that there was a correlation between ratio of crown and height (plant architecture characteristic value) and FPKM value in Salix psammophila, and the trend remained largely consistent in the hydroponic prediction population and field training population. The predicted values of plant architecture (or branching)-related genes (TAC2, LAZY1b, ZFP4, TB1, SPA2, ABF2 and PYL1) reported in the literature ranged from 0 to 0.6, and the predicted values of ATX1, RFK1 and FHY1 genes (not reported to be plant architecture-related) were higher (0.6 to 1.0). The two-gene combination (ATX1+FHY1) was selected as the gene for the identification of Salix psammophila architectures according to the principle of “the least number of genes and the highest correlation coefficient”. Morphology and transcriptomics as a whole are the characteristics of this study, and the results can also provide a theoretical basis for molecularly assisted breeding of other plants and other traits. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of different shading rates on fruit quality and photosynthetic characteristics of sweet cherry TANG Wenjing, GONG Ronggao, CHU Yuanqi, CHEN Chaoqun, CHEN Hongxu, RAN Maosheng, ZHANG Yao, YANG Wenlong 2023, 35(10):  2346-2353.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221338 Abstract ( 220 )   HTML ( 25 )   PDF (844KB) ( 401 )   To explore the effects of different shading intensity on fruit quality and photosynthetic characteristics of sweet cherry, and to screen the optimal light conditions for the growth of sweet cherry, with Hongdeng as the material, the top of the tree was covered with sunshade net to simulate five treatments of full illumination (CK), shading rate 15% (A), shading rate 30% (B), shading rate 45% (C) and shading rate 60% (D) under different light intensities. To analyze the effects of different shading treatments on photosynthetic pigment content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), apparent quantum efficiency (AQY), light compensation point (LCP), dark respiration rate (Rd), light saturation point (LSP) and fruit quality of sweet cherry leaves. The results showed as follows: The sugar-acid ratio of sweet cherry fruits in treatment A was significantly higher than that in other treatments. With the increase of shading rate, anthocyanin, antioxidant capacity and total phenol increased first and then decreased, and there was no significant difference between treatment A and CK. The total amount of chlorophyll and carotenoid content of sweet cherry leaves were D>C>B>A>CK and C>D>B>CK>A. With the increase of shading rate, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), apparent quantum efficiency (AQY), light compensation point (LCP), dark respiration rate (Rd) and light saturation point (LSP) increased first and then decreased. The photosynthetic capacity of treatment A was the strongest, while the growth and development of treatment B, C and D were limited by the severe lack of light energy. With the increase of shading rate, the color parameters lightness (L), red green (a) and yellow blue (b) values of A and B treatments and CK treatments were not significantly different, while the color parameters of C and D treatments was significantly higher than that of the control. The color difference pattern was the same as the color. It indicates that light shading is beneficial to improve the commercial property, and the best shading degree is within 15%. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Comprehensive evaluation of wild Actinidia chinensis resources in Funiu Mountain based on quantitative traits YANG Di, ZHANG Naiqun, WANG Xueyong, ZHANG Jun, WANG Xinjun 2023, 35(10):  2354-2363.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221510 Abstract ( 159 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (5279KB) ( 532 )   In order to study the characteristics of wild Actinidia chinensis germplasm resources in Funiu Mountain and screen out excellent germplasm, the wild A. chinensis resources in this area were investigated and collected. Combined with geographical factors, 13 quantitative phenotypic traits such as leaf length, leaf width and petiole length were analyzed and compared by variance analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the variation of 13 quantitative traits ranged from 10.81% to 47.56%, and the genetic diversity index ranged from 2.90 to 2.94. The size of fruit core and relative core size were significantly different at different longitudes, and the size of fruit core and fruit width were significantly different at different dimensions, and the quantitative traits were closely related to each other. The 19 wild A. chinensis germplasms collected from Funiu Mountain could be divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis. There were 7, 3 and 9 germplasms in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, respectively. The germplasms in group Ⅱ had large leaves, large fruits and moderate proportion. In summary, Funiu Mountain wild A. chinensis had rich phenotypic diversity. According to the phenotypic characteristics of the germplasm, 3 excellent germplasms were screened out, which could be used for breeding and production development. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of coconut-bran compound substrate on the growth and root characteristics of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings PENG Dandan, CHEN Dagang, XU Kaiwei, YOU Haoyu, YANG Ran, LIAO Huiping, CHEN Yuanxue 2023, 35(10):  2364-2377.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221324 Abstract ( 230 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (2386KB) ( 570 )   This study aimed to explore the effect of coconut-bran compound substrate on the growth of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings to find a proper proportions of mixed substrate for soilless cultivation. The Actinidia valvata Dunn seedlings as tested material were grown on 7 compound substrate treatments with the coconut-bran proportions of 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, 0 and 33.33% based on peat∶perlite=1∶1 (volume ratio), which were marked as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7 treatment, respectively. The soil from local kiwifruit orchard was used as control (CK). Physicochemical properties of the compound substrates were analyzed and the growth and nutrient content of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings were evaluated comprehensively using principal component analysis. This evaluztion included agronomic traits, chlorophyll SPAD value, biomass, root-shoot ratio, root system characteristics, and nutrient content of seedlings. The results showed that: (1) Compared with CK, the physicochemical properties and the nutrient content of the compound substrate were significantly improved. A lower proportion of coconut bran resulted in higher bulk density and water-holding porosity, and a higher content of total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus. However, total porosity, aeration porosity, void ratio, pH value, EC value, organic matter content and available potassium content were decreased with the reduced proportion of coconut-bran. (2) The growth status and nutrient content of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings were significantly higher than CK, and the plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll SPAD value in each growth periods, dry matter accumulations, root shoot ratio, total root length, total root surface area and total root volume were firstly increased and then decreased with the reduced proportion of coconut-bran, and they achieved the maximum value when the substrates contained 20% volume proportions of coconut bran (T5 treatment). It was observed that the contents of N, P and K were consistent with the nutrient supply provided by the compound substrate, the highest contents of N and P were found in roots, while the highest K content was in leaves. The comprehensive evaluation on the indices of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings by the principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive ranking with different coconut-bran compound substrate from high to low was T5>T6>T7>T4>T3>T2>T1>CK, the T5 treatment obtained the highest comprehensive evaluation score and exhibited optimal growth condition. (3) The total porosity, water-holding porosity, and the content of total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus of substrate were highly significantly and positively correlated with the growth indexes of seedlings, the bulk density and pH of substrate were highly significantly and negatively correlated with the growth indexes of seedlings. These results indicated that the physicochemical properties of the substrate had great influence on the growth of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings. The addition of appropriate proportion of coconut-bran effectively improved the physicochemical properties of the substrate, promoted the growth of shoot and root, and increased the nutrient content of each part of the seedlings. The substrate formula containing 20% volume proportions of coconut-bran could be considered as an optimal compound substrate for kiwifruit rootstocks. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of melatonin seed priming on growth and physiological characteristics of Capsicum annuum under drought stress WEI Xiya, LIANG Lamei, LIN Xinqi, QIN Zhongwei, LI Yingzhi 2023, 35(10):  2378-2388.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221227 Abstract ( 176 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (1580KB) ( 533 )   In order to explore the regulatory effect of melatonin seed priming treatment on drought tolerance of pepper, the effects of 10 different concentrations of melatonin seed priming treatment on plant growth and physiological characteristics of pepper were analyzed by pot PEG simulating drought stress with Maoshu 360 as the material. The results showed that the root length, plant height, root-shoot ratio, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root dry weight increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of starter solution concentration, and the plant height, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight reached the maximum when the concentration was 100 μmol·L-1. The root length, root shoot ratio, root fresh weight and root dry weight reached the maximum when the concentration was 75 μmol·L-1. Physiological analysis showed that the contents of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion were the lowest, while the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, AsA, DHA and antioxidant enzyme activities (POD, SOD, APX and GR) were the highest in leaves under drought stress induced by 100 μmol·L-1 melatonin. After 75 μmol·L-1 melatonin, the contents of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion were the lowest, and the soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline contents, antioxidant enzymes (POD, SOD, CAT, APX and GR) activities, AsA, DHA contents and AsA/DHA in roots were the highest. The activity of CAT and contents of soluble protein and AsA/DHA in leaves were the highest. These results indicated that 100 μmol·L-1 and 75 μmol·L-1 melatonin seed priming treatment was beneficial to improve drought resistance of pepper. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of temperature and light intensity on photosynthetic physiology and axillary bud development of flower stalk in Phalaenopsis XU Shenping, YUAN Xiuyun, ZHANG Yan, LIANG Fang, JIANG Suhua, NIU Suyan, CUI Bo 2023, 35(10):  2389-2397.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221464 Abstract ( 227 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (2925KB) ( 422 )   Temperature and light intensity are the main environmental factors affecting the growth and development of Phalaenopsis. In this study, the flowering plant of Phalaenopsis ‘Big Chili’ was used as experimental material, and the effects of two light intensity levels (photosynthetic photon flux density were 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 30 μmol·m-2·s-1) on photosynthesis, physiology and axillary bud development of flower stalk in Phalaenopsis were studied under high temperature (30 ℃/28 ℃) and low temperature (24 ℃/18 ℃) conditions. The results showed that the net CO2 absorption rate under high temperature with low light intensity condition (HT-LL) treatment was significantly higher than that of low temperature with low light intensity condition (LT-LL), low temperature with high light intensity condition (LT-HL) and high temperature and high light intensity condition (HT-HL) in Phalaenopsis leaves. Chlorophyll content under HT-LL treatment was significantly higher than that of LT-LL, LT-HL and HT-HL conditions. The starch content under high light intensity treatment was significantly higher than that in the low light treatment, among which the content was the highest under the HT-HL treatment and the lowest content under the LT-LL treatment; Under HT-LL treatment, the content of starch decreased first and then increased and then decreased, under LT-HL and HT-HL treatments, the content of starch fluctuated up and down. The soluble sugar content of HT-HL treatment was the highest at 7 d. After 14 d, the content of soluble sugar under LT-HL treatment was significantly higher than that under LT-LL, HT-LL and HT-HL treatments. Soluble protein content in HT-HL treatment was significantly higher than that under the other 3 treatments. In addition, combined with the developmental morphology and anatomical characteristics of axillary bud of flower stalk in Phalaenopsis, it was found that the effects of temperature and light on the axillary bud development of flower stalk were significantly different, showing two distinct developmental processes: vegetative growth and reproductive growth. The axillary buds of flower stalk were germinated and grown vegetative growth under HT-LL treatment, and grown reproductive growth under LT-HL, LT-LL and HT-HL treatments. In general, the interaction between temperature and light had a significant effect on the photosynthetic physiology of Phalaenopsis. HT-HL significantly promoted the photosynthesis of Phalaenopsis, which accelerated the axillary bud development of flower stalk in Phalaenopsis. HT-LL treatment had negative effects on photosynthetic physiology of Phalaenopsis and induced vegetative growth of axillary buds of flower stalk. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Plant Protection

Select

Genome wide association analysis of powdery mildew resistance of bottle gourd based on MAGIC population ZHONG Liping, WANG Jian, WU Xiaohua, WANG Ying, WU Xinyi, WANG Baogen, LU Zhongfu, WANG Huasen, LI Guojing 2023, 35(10):  2398-2407.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221361 Abstract ( 161 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (5105KB) ( 566 )   Powdery mildew is one of the common diseases of Cucurbitaceae crops, which seriously affects the yield and quality of bottle gourd. In this study, 203 MAGIC (multi-parent advanced generation inter cross) populations from the F8 generation of 8 gourd parents were used to conduct genome wide association analysis (GWAS) based on 221 043 high-quality SNPs screened by gene re-sequencing filter using the disease resistant phenotype data in 2020 and 2021. In two years’ data, 46 SNPs were repeatedly detected to be significantly related to powdery mildew resistance, and 32 candidate genes were detected in the candidate regions associated with disease resistance, of which 12 genes were predicted to be related to the disease resistance function of bottle gourd. In this study, MAGIC population was constructed in Cucurbitaceae crops for the first time, and the powdery mildew resistance gene was mapped through GWAS analysis, which laid a foundation for cloning powdery mildew resistance related genes of bottle gourd, and also had important significance for in-depth understanding of powdery mildew resistance mechanism and assisting in breeding resistant varieties. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Establishment and application of the resistance identification method of Pantoea agglomerans during the seedling stage of Chinese cabbage LI Jiaxi, GU Ran, LIU Yan, ZHANG Yaowei 2023, 35(10):  2408-2414.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221568 Abstract ( 178 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1985KB) ( 416 )   Since 2015, a new type of soft rot disease has been discovered in Chinese cabbage production in Harbin City. This disease has been increasing year by year, and the pathogen was identified as Pantoea agglomerans. In this study, P. agglomerans was used as the inoculant. The single-factor experiment was conducted to determine the optimal inoculation temperature, and the L9(34) orthogonal experiment was designed to investigate the effects of seedling age, humidity, and inoculation method. The single-factor experiment of inoculation concentration was carried out using 3 different varieties with varying resistance levels in the field. The aim was to establish a resistance identification method for Chinese cabbage against P. agglomerans during the seedling stage and evaluate the germplasm resistance based on this method. The results showed that the optimal conditions for inoculation were a temperature of 25-30 ℃, a seedling age of 7-8 leaves, and a relative humidity of 90%-100%. The recommended inoculation method was using a sterilized knife to scratch 3 small wounds and then dropping 30 μL of bacteria liquid with a concentration of 1×1012 CFU·mL-1. Using this method, 2 highly resistant and 4 resistant Chinese cabbage germplasm resources were identified from a total of 20 accessions. These research findings could provide valuable references for disease-resistant breeding of Chinese cabbage. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Attractant activity of banana peel powder to Drosophila melanogaster and analysis of its chemical components of volatiles YU Shuai, HUANG Jun, YING Junjie, ZHANG Juan, MAO Xueqin, ZHANG Zhijun, LYU Yaobin, LI Yan 2023, 35(10):  2415-2424.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221386 Abstract ( 173 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (1122KB) ( 370 )   Drosophila melanogaster is the main species of fruit fly that damages red bayberry, and it is a green and environmentally friendly pest control technology to monitor and control this insect pest with attractants. Here, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was used to collect chemical substances fermented daily for five consecutive days in ripe banana peel powder, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the chemical components. The attraction effect of banana peel powder on D. melanogaster was further investigated by indoor behavior selection test and outdoor population dynamics monitoring. The results showed that the aromatic components in the banana peel powder on the 1st and 2nd days were mainly composed of butyl isovalerate, and the content respectively reached 56.79% and 40.25%. At the same time, there were significant differences in chemical composition and content on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd, 4th and 5th days. The behavioral selection of the banana peel powder fermented for 1, 3, and 5 days on D. melanogaster showed that the banana peel powder on the first day had the highest attracting activity, and the attracting rates for female and male insects reached 62.50% and 60.00%, respectively. However, the banana peel powders on the 3rd and 5th days had no attracting activity. Field dynamic monitoring further showed that there were aromatic components in banana peel powder that attract D. melanogaster. In addition, the indoor behavior selection also showed that butyl isovalerate had a good attractant activity when the mass concentration was 1 000 μg·mL-1, the attraction rates of female and male adults were as high as 71.25% and 66.25%, respectively. Therefore, we speculate that butyl isovalerate in banana peel powder is the main attractant active substance, which has potential use in the development of attractants for D. melanogaster. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Environmental Science

Select

Effet of vegetation restoration models on soil physiochemical properties, enzymes activities and fungal diversity in rocky desertification area of northwest Guangxi, China GAO Feng, WEN Shizhi, WEI Shuoxing, OU Hanbiao, WANG Zhihui 2023, 35(10):  2425-2435.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20220879 Abstract ( 166 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (4103KB) ( 433 )   In the present study, the differences of soil physiochemical properties, enzymes activities, fungal community diversity under vegetation restoration models in karst degraded areas were explored, as well as the correlation within soil physiochemical properties, enzymes activities, fungal community diversity, by taking the deciduous broad-leaved forest (DF), deciduous evergreen broad-leaved mixed forest (EDF) and evergreen broad-leaved forest (EF), which have been artificially restored for 13 years, as test treatments and the enclosure forest (ENF) as the control. It was shown that the contents of total nitrogen and available phosphorus, the activites of saccharase in the artificially restored forests were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of ENF. The relative abundance of fungi was higher in artificially restored forest than that in ENF, in which the dominant fungi were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Functional prediction showed that soil fungi were mainly saprotroph and pathotroph. Compred with ENF, DF increased the relative abundance of pathotrophic fungi, EDF and EF increased the relative abundance of symbiotrophic fungi. In conclusion, compared with the enclosure forest, artificially restored forests could effectively improve soil nutrients contents, enzymes activities and relative abundance of fungal community in karst degraded areas. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of straw returning amount on methane emission from paddy fields in Shanghai, China ZHU Yating, NI Yuanzhi, ZHANG Min, WANG Zhenqi, SHEN Genxiang, HUANG Na 2023, 35(10):  2436-2445.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221398 Abstract ( 273 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (1345KB) ( 529 )   In order to clarify the effects of straw returning amount on methane (CH4) emission from paddy field in Shanghai, China, a field experiment was conducted in Qingpu District, and the characteristics of methane emission was determined via the PICARRO G2508 greenhouse gas monitoring system under different straw returning amounts. It was shown that there was a significant (P<0.05) positive correlation between CH4 emission flux and soil temperatures at 5 cm depth, and the correlation coefficient went higher with the increase of straw returning amount. The accumulative CH4 emission from paddy field increased with the increasing straw returning amount. With no straw returning, half-amout (2.5 t·hm-2) straw returning, full-amount (5.0 t·hm-2) straw returning to the field, the accumulative CH4 emission from paddy field was (10.00±0.06), (53.26±0.06), (121.55±0.03) kg·hm-2, respectively, and the CH4 emission mainly happened during rice tillering stage, of which the contribution rate was 49.40%-52.11%. Compared with the full-amout straw returning, half-amount straw returning to the filed decreased CH4 emission per unit yield by 56.17% withtout significant yield reduction, which was the recommend amount for straw returning to reduce CH4 emission from rice field under experiment conditions. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of straw returning on soil structure and spring maize growth YU Bo, WANG Yuyan, REN Qin, DANG Yulei, ZHANG Zhipeng, WANG Yu 2023, 35(10):  2446-2455.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221624 Abstract ( 207 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF (1343KB) ( 471 )   To explore the effect of straw returning to the field on soil structure and spring maize growth, an experiment with 4 consecutive years of straw returning was set up to determine the changes of soil physical properties, structure, and root indexes and yield of spring maize. It was shown that after 4 years of straw returning to the field, the mass ratio of aggregate with particle size ≥0.25 mm, the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of the aggregates were sifnificantly (P<0.05) increased by 8.81%, 12.61%, 20.35%, respectively; the aggregate stability and sabotage of water-stable aggregates were significantly increased by 38.09% and 6.85 percentage points, respectively; the percentage of aggregate disruption was significantly decreased by 8.49%; the soil bulk density was significantly decreased by 0.2 g·cm-3; the total porosity, mass water content and field capacity were significantly increased by 7.53, 9.92, 13.05 percentage points; the dry weight of root, root surface area and root volume of spring maize in topsoil (0-20 cm) were all significantly increased; and the yield of spring maize was significantly increased by 24.58%. The results showed that long-term straw returning to the field changed the soil structure, improved the water retention, permeability and aggregate stability of soil, improved the growth environment of root system, and significantly increased the yield of spring maize. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Food Science

Select

Effect of drying methods on quality of yellow peach powder LIU Guige, QIAO Yongjin, CHEN Bingjie, WANG Xiao, ZHANG Yi, ZHONG Yaoguang 2023, 35(10):  2456-2464.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221792 Abstract ( 225 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (1742KB) ( 419 )   In order to select the suitable drying method to produce yellow peach powder, yellow peach was used as raw material, hot air drying (HAD), spray drying (SD) and vacuum freeze drying (VFD) were introduced. Sensory evaluation of yellow peach powder was conducted, and physical properties such as color, solubility, fluidity, bulk density, water holding capacity, and oil holding capacity were determined. In addition, the contents of nutrients such as protein, total soluble solids, titratable acids, vitamin C, total phenols were explored, as well as the microstructure, and the types and contents of aroma components. The results showed that the yellow peach powder produced by HAD had dark color, high viscosity and poor tissue state. Compared with the yellow peach powder produced by SD, the water content [(2.69±0.02)%], dissolution time [(46.67±0.21) s], bulk density [(0.21±0.11) g·mL-1] and angle of repose [(26.07±0.25)°] of yellow peach powder produce by VFD were significantly (P<0.05) decreased, yet its water solubility index [(98.21±0.16)%], water holding capacity [(2.51±0.19) g·g-1] and oil holding capacity [(3.41±0.21) mL·g-1] were significantly increased, and the contents of total phenols [(82.27±0.21) mg·kg-1], vitamin C [(79.3±1.1) mg·kg-1] and total soluble solids [(6.98±0.13)%] were significantly improved, and the ratio of sugar to acid was better. Besides, the yellow peach powder produced by VFD retained more volatile compounds, such as alcohols, aldehydes and esters, which exhibited better fruit flavor and aroma. For microstructure, the yellow peach powder produced by SD showed spherical, irregular shrinkage, while the yellow peach powder produced by VFD showed skeleton and porous structure, which was easy to recover to the original structure. In conclusion, the yellow peach powder produced by VFD had better quality. Thus, VFD is suitable to produce high-quality yellow peach powder. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Biosystems Engineering

Select

Design and test of spring teeth chain rake type residual film reclaimer WANG Haiji, WANG Min, LU Yongtao, YING Yukun, WANG Jiliang, XUE Li, QIN Chaomin, HE Yuze 2023, 35(10):  2465-2476.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221168 Abstract ( 196 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (5131KB) ( 443 )   To reveal the influence of working parameters on the operation and performance of the spring teeth chain rake type residual film reclaimer, the three-dimensional discrete element model of the interaction between the spring teeth and the soil was established by EDEM 2019.1 software, and the changes of the forces during the working of the spring teeth was simulated. The reliability of the spring teeth during operation under the working conditions was verified. The spring teeth would not fail due to plastic deformation and could work smoothly. The trajectory of the spring teeth tip was ploted under different speed ratios via the software of Python 3, and the motion trajectory was obtained as cycloid. Based on the Box-Behnken experiment design method, mathematical models were established within the angular velocity of chain rake, the machine advance speed, the embedded depth of spring teeth, the recovery rate of residual film and the impurity rate, the operation parameters were optimized, and a field test was carried out. It was shown that the optimized operation parameters were as follows: the angular velocity of chain was 14.73 rad·s-1, the machine advance speed was 9.7 km·h-1, and the embedded depth of spring teeth was 74.7 mm. Under this working condition, the average recovery rate of residual film was 92.8%, and the impurity rate was 63.6% in the field test, which could meet the requirement of residual film reclaimer. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Agricultural Economy and Development

Select

Measurement and influencing factors of coupling coordination degree between rural revitalization and new urbanization in China LI Junrong, LIN Rongri 2023, 35(10):  2477-2489.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221598 Abstract ( 210 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1331KB) ( 405 )   In order to explore the current situation and problems in the coordinated development of rural revitalization and new urbanization, the evaluation index system of coordinated development of rural revitalization and new urbanization was constructed, the coupling coordination degree of rural revitalization and new urbanization was measured from temporal and spatial dimensions, and the main factors affecting the coupling coordination degree of rural revitalization and new urbanization were explored via Tobit method. It was shown that the coupling coordination degree of rural revitalization and new urbanization increased year by year on the whole, with obvious regional difference. For the coordinated development of rural revitalization and new urbanization, the majority of provincial-level administrative regions reached the basic coordination state, while those in the imbalance state were mainly located in the west region.Human capital, fiscal support for agriculture, openness degree, rural mechanization level, level of innovative development showed significant effect on the coupling coordination degree of rural revitalization and new urbanization. Among them, rural mechanization level had the biggest impact. In the west region, human capital, fiscal support for agriculture had bigger influence, while in the east region, the effects of logistics level in rural area, rural mechanization level, level of innovative development were bigger. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research on building digital development models of rural industries with government enterprise collaboration HU Liquan, LI Baozhi, ZHU Qibiao, ZHUO Ni 2023, 35(10):  2490-2499.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230594 Abstract ( 167 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1288KB) ( 375 )   Building digital countryside is not only an essential means to promote the common prosperity of Zhejiang’s rural areas and the modernization of agriculture and rural areas in advance but also a key initiative to achieve rural revitalization in Zhejiang. This paper summarized three typical digital development models of rural industries in Zhejiang Province, such as “5G+agricultural application”, “industrial brain+digital factory” and “agriculture+cultural tourism+new retail”, based on the current situation of the digital rural industry through the research of the digital rural industry in Zhejiang Province. For the digitalization of rural industries government-enterprise collaboration was not enough “close” “clear” “wisdom” and other issues, this paper provided relevant suggestions and implications: establish and improve the institutional mechanism of government-enterprise collaboration, play a guiding role of the government; improve the management system of power and responsibility list, improve the transparency of government-enterprise services, and strengthen supervision and inspection; accelerate the transformation of traditional decision-making to digital decision-making, promote the process of data valorization, and innovate the work promotion mechanism. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Review

Select

The relationship between peroxisome and fungal sexual reproduction BIAN Meiyun, WANG Jing, WANG Jiaoyu, CHEN Jie 2023, 35(10):  2500-2506.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230369 Abstract ( 224 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF (577KB) ( 442 )   Peroxisome are multifunctional and dynamic organelles essential for the development in most of the eukaryotes. In fungi, the organelles are involved in divers growth and development processes, including sexual reproduction. The formation of fungal sexual spores, usuallyoccurs in multicellular fruiting bodies, requires multiple steps such as mitosis, meiosis, cell differentiation. Studies have shown that peroxisomes play a role in regulating the above processes and are necessary for sustaining the formation of fruiting bodies, the production and the maturation of sexual spores. Firstly, the morphogenesis of fungal sexual reproduction depends on the degradation of lipid reserves in mycelial cells to supply energy and intermediate molecules, while the fatty acid β-oxidation and the glyoxylate cycle in peroxisomes are necessary steps for lipid degradation and transformation. Secondly, peroxisomes may also be directly involved in the processes of cell meiosis. During cell meiosis, the size, quantity and location of peroxisomes change regularly. In addition, peroxisomes also participate in the formation of signaling molecules during sexual reproduction, and the knockdown of peroxisomal biogenesis-related genes affects the formation of fungal perithecium. References | Related Articles | Metrics