Effects of coconut-bran compound substrate on the growth and root characteristics of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221324

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 2364-2377.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221324

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of coconut-bran compound substrate on the growth and root characteristics of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings

PENG Dandan¹(), CHEN Dagang¹, XU Kaiwei¹, YOU Haoyu¹, YANG Ran¹, LIAO Huiping², CHEN Yuanxue¹^,^*()

1. College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
2. Sichuan Huasheng Agricultural Co.,Ltd., Mianzhu 618200, Sichuan, China

Received:2022-09-13 Online:2023-10-25 Published:2023-10-31

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aimed to explore the effect of coconut-bran compound substrate on the growth of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings to find a proper proportions of mixed substrate for soilless cultivation. The Actinidia valvata Dunn seedlings as tested material were grown on 7 compound substrate treatments with the coconut-bran proportions of 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, 0 and 33.33% based on peat∶perlite=1∶1 (volume ratio), which were marked as T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7 treatment, respectively. The soil from local kiwifruit orchard was used as control (CK). Physicochemical properties of the compound substrates were analyzed and the growth and nutrient content of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings were evaluated comprehensively using principal component analysis. This evaluztion included agronomic traits, chlorophyll SPAD value, biomass, root-shoot ratio, root system characteristics, and nutrient content of seedlings. The results showed that: (1) Compared with CK, the physicochemical properties and the nutrient content of the compound substrate were significantly improved. A lower proportion of coconut bran resulted in higher bulk density and water-holding porosity, and a higher content of total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus. However, total porosity, aeration porosity, void ratio, pH value, EC value, organic matter content and available potassium content were decreased with the reduced proportion of coconut-bran. (2) The growth status and nutrient content of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings were significantly higher than CK, and the plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll SPAD value in each growth periods, dry matter accumulations, root shoot ratio, total root length, total root surface area and total root volume were firstly increased and then decreased with the reduced proportion of coconut-bran, and they achieved the maximum value when the substrates contained 20% volume proportions of coconut bran (T5 treatment). It was observed that the contents of N, P and K were consistent with the nutrient supply provided by the compound substrate, the highest contents of N and P were found in roots, while the highest K content was in leaves. The comprehensive evaluation on the indices of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings by the principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive ranking with different coconut-bran compound substrate from high to low was T5>T6>T7>T4>T3>T2>T1>CK, the T5 treatment obtained the highest comprehensive evaluation score and exhibited optimal growth condition. (3) The total porosity, water-holding porosity, and the content of total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus of substrate were highly significantly and positively correlated with the growth indexes of seedlings, the bulk density and pH of substrate were highly significantly and negatively correlated with the growth indexes of seedlings. These results indicated that the physicochemical properties of the substrate had great influence on the growth of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings. The addition of appropriate proportion of coconut-bran effectively improved the physicochemical properties of the substrate, promoted the growth of shoot and root, and increased the nutrient content of each part of the seedlings. The substrate formula containing 20% volume proportions of coconut-bran could be considered as an optimal compound substrate for kiwifruit rootstocks.

Key words: substrate, coconut-bran, kiwifruit rootstocks, growth, principal component analysis

CLC Number:

S663.4

PENG Dandan, CHEN Dagang, XU Kaiwei, YOU Haoyu, YANG Ran, LIAO Huiping, CHEN Yuanxue. Effects of coconut-bran compound substrate on the growth and root characteristics of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(10): 2364-2377.

Figures/Tables 12

References 47

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供试原料 Material	容重 Bulk density/ (g· cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity/%	通气孔隙 Aeration porosity/ %	持水孔隙 Water- holding porosity/ %	气水比 Air water ratio	有机质含量 Organic matter content/ %	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/ %	碱解氮含量 Alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content/ (mg·kg^-1)	pH值 pH value	电导率 Electrical conductivity/ (mS·cm^-1)
椰糠	0.12	73.16	29.93	43.24	0.69	82.36	0.42	358.57	161.52	8 854.48	5.88	1.60
Coconut-bran
泥炭Peat	0.15	80.32	5.85	74.47	0.08	67.99	0.77	1 125.82	302.28	1 619.90	5.23	0.73
珍珠岩	0.07	64.65	31.40	33.24	0.95	0.84	0	3.44	14.18	688.63	7.80	0
Pearlite

供试原料 Material	容重 Bulk density/ (g· cm^-3)	总孔隙度 Total porosity/%	通气孔隙 Aeration porosity/ %	持水孔隙 Water- holding porosity/ %	气水比 Air water ratio	有机质含量 Organic matter content/ %	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/ %	碱解氮含量 Alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content/ (mg·kg^-1)	pH值 pH value	电导率 Electrical conductivity/ (mS·cm^-1)
椰糠	0.12	73.16	29.93	43.24	0.69	82.36	0.42	358.57	161.52	8 854.48	5.88	1.60
Coconut-bran
泥炭Peat	0.15	80.32	5.85	74.47	0.08	67.99	0.77	1 125.82	302.28	1 619.90	5.23	0.73
珍珠岩	0.07	64.65	31.40	33.24	0.95	0.84	0	3.44	14.18	688.63	7.80	0
Pearlite

处理编号 Treatment	有机质含量 Organic matter content/%	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/%	碱解氮含量 Alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content/ (mg·kg^-1)	pH值 pH value	电导率 Electrical conductivity/ (mS·cm^-1)
T1	82.36±0.78 a	0.42±0.01 e	358.57±48.21 f	161.52±3.42 e	8 854.48±74.61 a	5.88±0.08 b	1.60±0.07 a
T2	71.68±1.13 b	0.46±0.01 d	826.44±36.19 e	228.15±1.95 d	8 117.78±76.77 b	5.78±0.16 b	1.42±0.08 b
T3	65.77±1.85 c	0.48±0.01 cd	907.15±23.90 d	232.12±2.95 cd	5 183.28±110.67 c	5.58±0.04 c	1.22±0.04 c
T4	55.52±2.04 d	0.49±0.02 bc	962.54±28.38 c	235.06±2.10 bc	3 590.3±148.68 d	5.48±0.08 cd	0.92±0.04 d
T5	47.12±2.04 f	0.51±0.02 ab	1 049.54±64.53 b	239.61±3.92 b	2 194.16±54.26 f	5.42±0.08 d	0.72±0.04 f
T6	40.40±2.33 g	0.52±0.01 a	1 114.59±43.56 a	247.74±9.34 a	1 054.48±69.16 g	5.38±0.11 d	0.50±0.01 g
T7	52.75±1.24 e	0.50±0.02 ab	1 003.60±29.75 bc	237.13±2.04 bc	2 748.1±68.76 e	5.46±0.09 cd	0.80±0.01 e
CK	1.77±0.20 h	0.09±0.01 f	115.16±3.46 g	16.08±0.79 f	172.73±6.14 h	7.58±0.08 a	0.12±0.04 h

处理编号 Treatment	有机质含量 Organic matter content/%	全氮含量 Total nitrogen content/%	碱解氮含量 Alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium content/ (mg·kg^-1)	pH值 pH value	电导率 Electrical conductivity/ (mS·cm^-1)
T1	82.36±0.78 a	0.42±0.01 e	358.57±48.21 f	161.52±3.42 e	8 854.48±74.61 a	5.88±0.08 b	1.60±0.07 a
T2	71.68±1.13 b	0.46±0.01 d	826.44±36.19 e	228.15±1.95 d	8 117.78±76.77 b	5.78±0.16 b	1.42±0.08 b
T3	65.77±1.85 c	0.48±0.01 cd	907.15±23.90 d	232.12±2.95 cd	5 183.28±110.67 c	5.58±0.04 c	1.22±0.04 c
T4	55.52±2.04 d	0.49±0.02 bc	962.54±28.38 c	235.06±2.10 bc	3 590.3±148.68 d	5.48±0.08 cd	0.92±0.04 d
T5	47.12±2.04 f	0.51±0.02 ab	1 049.54±64.53 b	239.61±3.92 b	2 194.16±54.26 f	5.42±0.08 d	0.72±0.04 f
T6	40.40±2.33 g	0.52±0.01 a	1 114.59±43.56 a	247.74±9.34 a	1 054.48±69.16 g	5.38±0.11 d	0.50±0.01 g
T7	52.75±1.24 e	0.50±0.02 ab	1 003.60±29.75 bc	237.13±2.04 bc	2 748.1±68.76 e	5.46±0.09 cd	0.80±0.01 e
CK	1.77±0.20 h	0.09±0.01 f	115.16±3.46 g	16.08±0.79 f	172.73±6.14 h	7.58±0.08 a	0.12±0.04 h

主成分 Principal component	特征值 Eigenvalue	贡献率 Contribution rate/%	累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%
PC1	8.756	72.966	72.966
PC2	2.135	17.788	90.754
PC3	0.424	3.536	94.290
PC4	0.277	2.310	96.600
PC5	0.130	1.079	97.679
PC6	0.084	0.701	98.381
PC7	0.072	0.596	98.977
PC8	0.053	0.446	99.423
PC9	0.025	0.205	99.628
PC10	0.021	0.171	99.799
PC11	0.018	0.147	99.946
PC12	0.006	0.054	100.000

Effects of coconut-bran compound substrate on the growth and root characteristics of kiwifruit rootstock seedlings

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References 47

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处理 Treatment	物料构成Material composition/%
处理 Treatment	椰糠Coconut bran	泥炭Peat	珍珠岩Perlite
T1	100	0	0
T2	80	10	10
T3	60	20	20
T4	40	30	30
T5	20	40	40
T6	0	50	50
T7	33.33	33.33	33.33

指标 Index	主成分载荷矩阵 Principal component loading matrix		主成分特征向量 Principal component feature vector
指标 Index	PC1	PC2	PC1	PC2
株高PH (X₁)	0.860	0.435	0.087	0.079
茎粗SD (X₂)	0.746	0.613	0.047	0.167
干物质积累量DW(X₃)	0.959	0.223	0.128	-0.023
根冠比RSR (X₄)	0.118	-0.871	0.125	-0.381
叶绿素含量	0.906	0.322	0.108	0.025
SPAD (X₅)
总根长RL (X₆)	0.967	-0.131	0.173	-0.172
总根表面积	0.984	-0.008	0.161	-0.123
RAS (X₇)
总根体积RV (X₈)	0.983	0.101	0.147	-0.077
平均根直径	0.568	0.647	0.014	0.203
ARD (X₉)
根氮含量RN (X₁₀)	0.817	0.480	0.074	0.103
根磷含量RP (X₁₁)	0.961	0.163	0.136	-0.048
叶钾含量LK (X₁₂)	-0.164	-0.923	0.085	-0.368

处理编号 Tratment	PC1	PC2	综合评分 Composite score	排名 Ranking
T1	-0.921	-1.118	-0.871	7
T2	-0.296	-1.218	-0.433	6
T3	0.211	-0.968	-0.018	5
T4	0.419	-0.187	0.272	4
T5	1.194	0.275	0.920	1
T6	0.844	0.999	0.794	2
T7	0.572	0.905	0.578	3
CK	-2.023	1.310	-1.243	8

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