Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 2698-2709.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221658
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QING Yuan1(
), FANG Zhirong1, YAO Xin1, YIN Sheng2
Received:2022-11-20
Online:2023-11-25
Published:2023-12-04
CLC Number:
QING Yuan, FANG Zhirong, YAO Xin, YIN Sheng. Study on quality changes and shelf life of purified-truffle storage at different temperatures[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(11): 2698-2709.
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URL: http://www.zjnyxb.cn/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221658
| 评价指标 | 0~3 | 3.1~5.0 | 5.1~8.0 | 8.1~10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | ||||
| 气味 Odor | 完全腐烂气味 Completely rotten odor | 腐烂气味较明显 The smell of decay is more pronounced | 块菌香气淡,轻微腐烂气味 The aroma of truffles is light, with a slight rotten odor | 块菌香气突出,无腐烂气味 The aroma of truffles is prominent, without a rotten odor |
| 组织状态 Texture | 腐烂、无弹性 Rotten, inelastic | 部分发霉,弹性较差 Partially moldy, poor elasticity | 部分软化,弹性较好 Partially softened, with good elasticity | 硬度高,弹性好 High firmness and good elasticity |
| 可接受度 Acceptability | 不能接受 Not acceptable | 勉强接受 Grudging acceptable | 可以接受 Acceptable | 自然接受 Naturally acceptable |
Table 1 Sensory evaluation criteria of purified-truffle
| 评价指标 | 0~3 | 3.1~5.0 | 5.1~8.0 | 8.1~10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | ||||
| 气味 Odor | 完全腐烂气味 Completely rotten odor | 腐烂气味较明显 The smell of decay is more pronounced | 块菌香气淡,轻微腐烂气味 The aroma of truffles is light, with a slight rotten odor | 块菌香气突出,无腐烂气味 The aroma of truffles is prominent, without a rotten odor |
| 组织状态 Texture | 腐烂、无弹性 Rotten, inelastic | 部分发霉,弹性较差 Partially moldy, poor elasticity | 部分软化,弹性较好 Partially softened, with good elasticity | 硬度高,弹性好 High firmness and good elasticity |
| 可接受度 Acceptability | 不能接受 Not acceptable | 勉强接受 Grudging acceptable | 可以接受 Acceptable | 自然接受 Naturally acceptable |
Fig.2 Effect of storage temperature and time on weight loss of purified-truffle The data with different lowercase letters among different treatments at the same storage time shows significant difference (P<0.05). The same as below.
| 温度 Temperature/ ℃ | 指标 Index | 硬度 Hardness | 失重率 Weight loss | 腐败率 Decay rate | 呼吸强度 Respiratory intensity | 可溶性蛋 白含量 Soluble protein content | PPO活性 PPO activity | 菌落总数 Total number of colony | 感官评分 Sensory score | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -3±1 | 硬度Hardness | 1.000 | -0.902** | -0.722** | 0.842** | -0.657* | -0.860** | -0.747** | 0.904** | ||||||||
| 失重率Weight loss | 1.000 | 0.815** | -0.793** | -0.614* | 0.955** | 0.832** | -0.942** | ||||||||||
| 腐败率Decay rate | 1.000 | -0.567* | -0.531 | 0.832** | 0.588* | -0.910** | |||||||||||
| 呼吸强度 | 1.000 | 0.569* | -0.763** | -0.914** | 0.735** | ||||||||||||
| Respiratory intensity | |||||||||||||||||
| 可溶性蛋白含量 | 1.000 | -0.568** | -0.476 | 0.641* | |||||||||||||
| Soluble protein content | |||||||||||||||||
| PPO活性PPO activity | 1.000 | -0.754** | -0.935** | ||||||||||||||
| 菌落总数Total number of colony | 1.000 | -0.701** | |||||||||||||||
| 感官评分Sensory score | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||||
| 0±1 | 硬度Hardness | 1.000 | -0.396 | -0.474 | 0.071 | 0.198 | -0.300 | -0.471 | 0.354 | ||||||||
| 失重率Weight loss | 1.000 | 0.935** | -0.654* | -0.716** | 0.928** | 0.860** | -0.949** | ||||||||||
| 腐败率Decay rate | 1.000 | -0.632* | -0.695** | 0.792** | 0.908** | -0.962** | |||||||||||
| 呼吸强度Respiratory intensity | 1.000 | 0.414 | -0.453 | -0.422 | 0.674** | ||||||||||||
| 可溶性蛋白含量 | 1.000 | -0.722** | -0.673** | 0.752** | |||||||||||||
| Soluble protein content | |||||||||||||||||
| PPO活性PPO activity | 1.000 | 0.769** | -0.816** | ||||||||||||||
| 菌落总数Total number of colony | 1.000 | -0.876** | |||||||||||||||
| 感官评分Sensory score | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||||
| 4±1 | 硬度Hardness | 1.000 | -0.772** | -0.666** | 0.376 | 0.601* | -0.605* | -0.646* | 0.618 | ||||||||
| 失重率Weight loss | 1.000 | 0.948** | -0.683** | 0.883** | 0.902** | 0.918** | -0.981** | ||||||||||
| 腐败率Decay rate | 1.000 | -0.696** | 0.794** | 0.923** | 0.929** | -0.937** | |||||||||||
| 呼吸强度Respiratory intensity | 1.000 | -0.606* | -0.617* | -0.651* | 0.546 | ||||||||||||
| 可溶性蛋白含量 | 1.000 | -0.806** | -0.719** | 0.692* | |||||||||||||
| PPO活性PPO activity | 1.000 | 0.922** | -0.743* | ||||||||||||||
| Soluble protein content | |||||||||||||||||
| 菌落总数Total number of colony | 1.000 | -0.887** | |||||||||||||||
| 感官评分Sensory score | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||||
| 8±1 | 硬度Hardness | 1.000 | -0.401 | -0.424 | 0.374 | 0.412 | -0.312 | -0.379 | 0.130 | ||||||||
| 失重率Weight loss | 1.000 | 0.980** | -0.404 | -0.938** | 0.976** | 0.975** | -0.980** | ||||||||||
| 腐败率Decay rate | 1.000 | -0.381 | -0.931** | 0.938** | 0.963** | -0.960** | |||||||||||
| 呼吸强度Respiratory intensity | 1.000 | 0.333 | -0.319 | -0.418 | 0.123 | ||||||||||||
| 可溶性蛋白含量 | 1.000 | -0.914** | -0.905** | 0.855** | |||||||||||||
| Soluble protein content | |||||||||||||||||
| PPO活性PPO activity | 1.000 | 0.936** | -0.961** | ||||||||||||||
| 菌落总数Total number of colony | 1.000 | -0.921** | |||||||||||||||
| 感官评分Sensory score | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||||
| 12±1 | 硬度Hardness | 1.000 | -0.671** | -0.753** | 0.250 | 0.599* | -0.496 | -0.508 | -0.717* | ||||||||
| 失重率Weight loss | 1.000 | 0.978** | -0.392 | -0.890** | 0.937** | 0.953** | -0.978** | ||||||||||
| 腐败率Decay rate | 1.000 | -0.398 | -0.871** | 0.879** | 0.898** | -0.977** | |||||||||||
| 呼吸强度Respiratory intensity | 1.000 | 0.221 | -0.128 | -0.300 | -0.063 | ||||||||||||
| 可溶性蛋白含量 | 1.0000 | -0.906** | -0.860** | 0.869** | |||||||||||||
| Soluble protein content | |||||||||||||||||
| PPO活性PPO activity | 1.000 | 0.946** | -0.916** | ||||||||||||||
| 菌落总数Total number of colony | 1.000 | -0.920** | |||||||||||||||
| 感官评分Sensory score | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||||
| 16±1 | 硬度Hardness | 1.000 | -0.800** | -0.835** | 0.521 | 0.703** | -0.444 | -0.751** | -0.588 | ||||||||
| 失重率Weight loss | 1.000 | 0.985** | -0.390 | -0.943** | 0.850** | 0.955** | -0.959** | ||||||||||
| 腐败率Decay rate | 1.000 | -0.378 | -0.950** | 0.796** | 0.918** | -0.978** | |||||||||||
| 呼吸强度Respiratory intensity | 1.000 | 0.254 | 0.048 | -0.451 | -0.539 | ||||||||||||
| 可溶性蛋白含量 | 1.000 | -0.860** | -0.840** | -0.867* | |||||||||||||
| Soluble protein content | |||||||||||||||||
| PPO活性PPO activity | 1.000 | 0.795** | -0.876** | ||||||||||||||
| 菌落总数Total number of colony | 1.000 | -0.809 | |||||||||||||||
| 感官评分Sensory score | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||||
Table 2 Pearson correlation coefficients between quality indexes and sensory score of storage
| 温度 Temperature/ ℃ | 指标 Index | 硬度 Hardness | 失重率 Weight loss | 腐败率 Decay rate | 呼吸强度 Respiratory intensity | 可溶性蛋 白含量 Soluble protein content | PPO活性 PPO activity | 菌落总数 Total number of colony | 感官评分 Sensory score | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -3±1 | 硬度Hardness | 1.000 | -0.902** | -0.722** | 0.842** | -0.657* | -0.860** | -0.747** | 0.904** | ||||||||
| 失重率Weight loss | 1.000 | 0.815** | -0.793** | -0.614* | 0.955** | 0.832** | -0.942** | ||||||||||
| 腐败率Decay rate | 1.000 | -0.567* | -0.531 | 0.832** | 0.588* | -0.910** | |||||||||||
| 呼吸强度 | 1.000 | 0.569* | -0.763** | -0.914** | 0.735** | ||||||||||||
| Respiratory intensity | |||||||||||||||||
| 可溶性蛋白含量 | 1.000 | -0.568** | -0.476 | 0.641* | |||||||||||||
| Soluble protein content | |||||||||||||||||
| PPO活性PPO activity | 1.000 | -0.754** | -0.935** | ||||||||||||||
| 菌落总数Total number of colony | 1.000 | -0.701** | |||||||||||||||
| 感官评分Sensory score | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||||
| 0±1 | 硬度Hardness | 1.000 | -0.396 | -0.474 | 0.071 | 0.198 | -0.300 | -0.471 | 0.354 | ||||||||
| 失重率Weight loss | 1.000 | 0.935** | -0.654* | -0.716** | 0.928** | 0.860** | -0.949** | ||||||||||
| 腐败率Decay rate | 1.000 | -0.632* | -0.695** | 0.792** | 0.908** | -0.962** | |||||||||||
| 呼吸强度Respiratory intensity | 1.000 | 0.414 | -0.453 | -0.422 | 0.674** | ||||||||||||
| 可溶性蛋白含量 | 1.000 | -0.722** | -0.673** | 0.752** | |||||||||||||
| Soluble protein content | |||||||||||||||||
| PPO活性PPO activity | 1.000 | 0.769** | -0.816** | ||||||||||||||
| 菌落总数Total number of colony | 1.000 | -0.876** | |||||||||||||||
| 感官评分Sensory score | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||||
| 4±1 | 硬度Hardness | 1.000 | -0.772** | -0.666** | 0.376 | 0.601* | -0.605* | -0.646* | 0.618 | ||||||||
| 失重率Weight loss | 1.000 | 0.948** | -0.683** | 0.883** | 0.902** | 0.918** | -0.981** | ||||||||||
| 腐败率Decay rate | 1.000 | -0.696** | 0.794** | 0.923** | 0.929** | -0.937** | |||||||||||
| 呼吸强度Respiratory intensity | 1.000 | -0.606* | -0.617* | -0.651* | 0.546 | ||||||||||||
| 可溶性蛋白含量 | 1.000 | -0.806** | -0.719** | 0.692* | |||||||||||||
| PPO活性PPO activity | 1.000 | 0.922** | -0.743* | ||||||||||||||
| Soluble protein content | |||||||||||||||||
| 菌落总数Total number of colony | 1.000 | -0.887** | |||||||||||||||
| 感官评分Sensory score | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||||
| 8±1 | 硬度Hardness | 1.000 | -0.401 | -0.424 | 0.374 | 0.412 | -0.312 | -0.379 | 0.130 | ||||||||
| 失重率Weight loss | 1.000 | 0.980** | -0.404 | -0.938** | 0.976** | 0.975** | -0.980** | ||||||||||
| 腐败率Decay rate | 1.000 | -0.381 | -0.931** | 0.938** | 0.963** | -0.960** | |||||||||||
| 呼吸强度Respiratory intensity | 1.000 | 0.333 | -0.319 | -0.418 | 0.123 | ||||||||||||
| 可溶性蛋白含量 | 1.000 | -0.914** | -0.905** | 0.855** | |||||||||||||
| Soluble protein content | |||||||||||||||||
| PPO活性PPO activity | 1.000 | 0.936** | -0.961** | ||||||||||||||
| 菌落总数Total number of colony | 1.000 | -0.921** | |||||||||||||||
| 感官评分Sensory score | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||||
| 12±1 | 硬度Hardness | 1.000 | -0.671** | -0.753** | 0.250 | 0.599* | -0.496 | -0.508 | -0.717* | ||||||||
| 失重率Weight loss | 1.000 | 0.978** | -0.392 | -0.890** | 0.937** | 0.953** | -0.978** | ||||||||||
| 腐败率Decay rate | 1.000 | -0.398 | -0.871** | 0.879** | 0.898** | -0.977** | |||||||||||
| 呼吸强度Respiratory intensity | 1.000 | 0.221 | -0.128 | -0.300 | -0.063 | ||||||||||||
| 可溶性蛋白含量 | 1.0000 | -0.906** | -0.860** | 0.869** | |||||||||||||
| Soluble protein content | |||||||||||||||||
| PPO活性PPO activity | 1.000 | 0.946** | -0.916** | ||||||||||||||
| 菌落总数Total number of colony | 1.000 | -0.920** | |||||||||||||||
| 感官评分Sensory score | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||||
| 16±1 | 硬度Hardness | 1.000 | -0.800** | -0.835** | 0.521 | 0.703** | -0.444 | -0.751** | -0.588 | ||||||||
| 失重率Weight loss | 1.000 | 0.985** | -0.390 | -0.943** | 0.850** | 0.955** | -0.959** | ||||||||||
| 腐败率Decay rate | 1.000 | -0.378 | -0.950** | 0.796** | 0.918** | -0.978** | |||||||||||
| 呼吸强度Respiratory intensity | 1.000 | 0.254 | 0.048 | -0.451 | -0.539 | ||||||||||||
| 可溶性蛋白含量 | 1.000 | -0.860** | -0.840** | -0.867* | |||||||||||||
| Soluble protein content | |||||||||||||||||
| PPO活性PPO activity | 1.000 | 0.795** | -0.876** | ||||||||||||||
| 菌落总数Total number of colony | 1.000 | -0.809 | |||||||||||||||
| 感官评分Sensory score | 1.000 | ||||||||||||||||
| 指标 Index | 温度 Temperature/℃ | 零级动力学Zero-order kinetics | 一级动力学First order dynamics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 方程Equation | R2 | ∑ R2 | 方程Equation | R2 | ∑ R2 | ||
| 失重率 | -3±1 | Y=0.243t-0.729 | 0.944 | 5.816 | — | — | — |
| Weight loss | 0±1 | Y=0.103t+0.006 | 0.957 | — | — | — | |
| 4±1 | Y=0.297t-0.432 | 0.973 | — | — | — | ||
| 8±1 | Y=0.320t-0.170 | 0.989 | — | — | — | ||
| 12±1 | Y=0.357t-0.055 | 0.965 | — | — | — | ||
| 16±1 | Y=0.404t-0.044 | 0.988 | — | — | — | ||
| 腐败率 | -3±1 | Y=0.383t-2.580 | 0.663 | 5.378 | — | — | — |
| Decay rate | 0±1 | Y=0.285t-0.887 | 0.907 | — | — | — | |
| 4±1 | Y=0.476t-0.352 | 0.939 | — | — | — | ||
| 8±1 | Y=0.590t-0.778 | 0.954 | — | — | — | ||
| 12±1 | Y=1.469t-4.332 | 0.937 | — | — | — | ||
| 16±1 | Y=2.328t-4.320 | 0.978 | — | — | — | ||
| PPO活性 | -3±1 | Y=0.227t+5.625 | 0.930 | 5.233 | Y=5.899e0.026t | 0.930 | 4.709 |
| PPO activity | 0±1 | Y=0.233t+7.018 | 0.809 | Y=6.985e0.025t | 0.765 | ||
| 4±1 | Y=0.410t+7.477 | 0.900 | Y=7.641e0.034t | 0.813 | |||
| 8±1 | Y=0.534t+7.559 | 0.954 | Y=7.841e0.040t | 0.848 | |||
| 12±1 | Y=0.634t+9.212 | 0.899 | Y=8.993e0.043t | 0.760 | |||
| 16±1 | Y=0.620t+12.578 | 0.741 | Y=10.844e0.040t | 0.593 | |||
| 可溶性蛋白含量 | -3±1 | Y=-0.116 t+20.71 | 0.442 | 4.566 | Y=5.223e0.008t | 0.621 | 5.011 |
| Soluble protein | 0±1 | Y=-0.157 t+20.351 | 0.618 | Y=5.458e0.006t | 0.795 | ||
| content | 4±1 | Y=0.254 t+20.731 | 0.765 | Y=5.690e0.006t | 0.880 | ||
| 8±1 | Y=-0.436 t+21.074 | 0.914 | Y=5.590e-0.010t | 0.935 | |||
| 12±1 | Y=-0.507 t+20.290 | 0.895 | Y=5.830e0.010t | 0.894 | |||
| 16±1 | Y=-0.576 t+20.178 | 0.932 | Y=5.866e0.01t | 0.886 | |||
Table 3 Reaction rate constant k and determination coefficient R2of determination for zero and first order regression of purified-truffle
| 指标 Index | 温度 Temperature/℃ | 零级动力学Zero-order kinetics | 一级动力学First order dynamics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 方程Equation | R2 | ∑ R2 | 方程Equation | R2 | ∑ R2 | ||
| 失重率 | -3±1 | Y=0.243t-0.729 | 0.944 | 5.816 | — | — | — |
| Weight loss | 0±1 | Y=0.103t+0.006 | 0.957 | — | — | — | |
| 4±1 | Y=0.297t-0.432 | 0.973 | — | — | — | ||
| 8±1 | Y=0.320t-0.170 | 0.989 | — | — | — | ||
| 12±1 | Y=0.357t-0.055 | 0.965 | — | — | — | ||
| 16±1 | Y=0.404t-0.044 | 0.988 | — | — | — | ||
| 腐败率 | -3±1 | Y=0.383t-2.580 | 0.663 | 5.378 | — | — | — |
| Decay rate | 0±1 | Y=0.285t-0.887 | 0.907 | — | — | — | |
| 4±1 | Y=0.476t-0.352 | 0.939 | — | — | — | ||
| 8±1 | Y=0.590t-0.778 | 0.954 | — | — | — | ||
| 12±1 | Y=1.469t-4.332 | 0.937 | — | — | — | ||
| 16±1 | Y=2.328t-4.320 | 0.978 | — | — | — | ||
| PPO活性 | -3±1 | Y=0.227t+5.625 | 0.930 | 5.233 | Y=5.899e0.026t | 0.930 | 4.709 |
| PPO activity | 0±1 | Y=0.233t+7.018 | 0.809 | Y=6.985e0.025t | 0.765 | ||
| 4±1 | Y=0.410t+7.477 | 0.900 | Y=7.641e0.034t | 0.813 | |||
| 8±1 | Y=0.534t+7.559 | 0.954 | Y=7.841e0.040t | 0.848 | |||
| 12±1 | Y=0.634t+9.212 | 0.899 | Y=8.993e0.043t | 0.760 | |||
| 16±1 | Y=0.620t+12.578 | 0.741 | Y=10.844e0.040t | 0.593 | |||
| 可溶性蛋白含量 | -3±1 | Y=-0.116 t+20.71 | 0.442 | 4.566 | Y=5.223e0.008t | 0.621 | 5.011 |
| Soluble protein | 0±1 | Y=-0.157 t+20.351 | 0.618 | Y=5.458e0.006t | 0.795 | ||
| content | 4±1 | Y=0.254 t+20.731 | 0.765 | Y=5.690e0.006t | 0.880 | ||
| 8±1 | Y=-0.436 t+21.074 | 0.914 | Y=5.590e-0.010t | 0.935 | |||
| 12±1 | Y=-0.507 t+20.290 | 0.895 | Y=5.830e0.010t | 0.894 | |||
| 16±1 | Y=-0.576 t+20.178 | 0.932 | Y=5.866e0.01t | 0.886 | |||
| 指标 Index | 回归方程 Regression equation | R2 |
|---|---|---|
| 失重率Weight loss | Y=0.181 3x-1.964 1 | 0.473 1 |
| 腐败率Decay rate | Y=0.404 5x-1.791 7 | 0.857 2 |
| PPO活性PPO activity | Y=-4.811 7x+16.337 | 0.900 9 |
| 可溶性蛋白含量 | Y=-0.255 9x+2.350 5 | 0.479 8 |
| Soluble protein content |
Table 4 Dynamic model parameters
| 指标 Index | 回归方程 Regression equation | R2 |
|---|---|---|
| 失重率Weight loss | Y=0.181 3x-1.964 1 | 0.473 1 |
| 腐败率Decay rate | Y=0.404 5x-1.791 7 | 0.857 2 |
| PPO活性PPO activity | Y=-4.811 7x+16.337 | 0.900 9 |
| 可溶性蛋白含量 | Y=-0.255 9x+2.350 5 | 0.479 8 |
| Soluble protein content |
| 贮藏温度 Temperature/ ℃ | 货架期预测值 Predicted shelf life value/d | 货架期实测值 Measured shelf life value/d | 相对误差 Relative error/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| -3±1 | 62.59 | 57 | 9.81 |
| 0±1 | 51.15 | 50 | 2.30 |
| 4±1 | 39.86 | 36 | 10.72 |
| 8±1 | 31.02 | 29 | 6.97 |
| 12±1 | 24.43 | 22 | 11.05 |
| 16±1 | 19.41 | 18 | 7.83 |
Table 5 Shelf life prediction based on PPO activity at different storage temperatures
| 贮藏温度 Temperature/ ℃ | 货架期预测值 Predicted shelf life value/d | 货架期实测值 Measured shelf life value/d | 相对误差 Relative error/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| -3±1 | 62.59 | 57 | 9.81 |
| 0±1 | 51.15 | 50 | 2.30 |
| 4±1 | 39.86 | 36 | 10.72 |
| 8±1 | 31.02 | 29 | 6.97 |
| 12±1 | 24.43 | 22 | 11.05 |
| 16±1 | 19.41 | 18 | 7.83 |
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