Volatile components in flowers of 5 rare and endangered orchids

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231145

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 2727-2738.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231145

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Volatile components in flowers of 5 rare and endangered orchids

WANG Miaomiao(), QIN Jiaze

Beijing Floriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre, Management Office, Beijing Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China

Received:2023-09-25 Online:2024-12-25 Published:2024-12-27

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to evaluate and screen out valuable aromatic germplasm resources, the flowers of rare and endangered orchids, namely, Dendrobium crystallinum, D. moschatum, D. thyrsiflorum, Bulbophyllum phalaenopsis and B. echinolabium were used as materials, and the similarities and differences of volatile components, contents and key aroma compounds were compared between the “fragrant flower” and “smelly flower”. Solid-phase microextraction arrow combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME Arrow-GC-MS) and relative odor activity (rOAV) were used for identification and analysis. A total of 675 volatile compounds were identified, including terpenoids, heterocyclic compound, esters, hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes and aromaticity. Terpenoids were the highest in relative content and the most abundant in volatile substances, followed by heterocyclic compound and esters. The volatile components of the five rare and endangered orchids were species-specific, yet terpenoids, heterocyclic compound, esters, hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols and aldehydes were the major constituents, which accounted for more than 90% in total. The quantity of volatile components in the flowers of the five orchids decreased in the order of D. crystallinum>D. moschatum>B. echinolabium>B. phalaenopsis>D. thyrsiflorum. There were 104, 87, 72, 90 and 77 key aroma compounds in the flowers of D. crystallinum, D. moschatum, D. thyrsiflorum, B. phalaenopsis and B. echinolabium, respectively, Aldehydes were the main contributors to the overall aroma of orchids. Diethyl disulfide compounds and dimethyl trisulfur compounds in B. phalaenopsis, and indole, 3-methyl and dimethyl trisulfide in B. echinolabium were the main contributors for their unique odor formation. The volatile components of the 5 species of orchids were valuable for resource utilization. The volatile components in the flowers of D. crystallinum and D. moschatum might contain cyclamen aldehyde.

Key words: orchids, solid-phase microextraction arrow, volatile component, relative odor activity

CLC Number:

S682.31

WANG Miaomiao, QIN Jiaze. Volatile components in flowers of 5 rare and endangered orchids[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(12): 2727-2738.

Figures/Tables 2

References 36

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类别 Category	各种兰花中的种类数 Species quantity in different orchids					各种兰花中的相对含量 Relative content in different orchids/%
类别 Category	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
萜类Terpenoids	112	109	67	93	104	20.25	20.37	17.73	18.67	20.72
杂环化合物Heterocyclic compounds	89	84	72	90	84	16.09	15.70	16.50	18.07	16.72
酯类Esters	83	78	61	68	70	15.01	14.58	15.02	13.65	13.94
烃类Hydrocarbons	61	64	51	56	56	11.03	11.96	12.56	11.24	11.15
酮类Ketones	49	53	35	49	41	8.86	9.91	8.62	9.84	8.17
醇类Alcohol	46	40	36	38	41	8.32	7.48	8.87	7.63	8.17
芳香族化合物Aromatic compounds	32	28	24	29	30	5.79	5.23	5.91	5.82	5.97
醛类Aldehydes	31	31	25	29	30	5.61	5.79	6.16	5.82	5.97
胺类Amine	10	9	6	8	13	1.81	1.68	1.48	2.41	2.59
酸类Acids	13	10	7	12	7	2.35	1.87	1.72	1.61	1.39
酚类Phenol	5	7	5	5	6	0.90	1.31	1.23	1.20	1.20
含氮化合物Nitrogen compounds	7	7	5	6	6	1.27	1.31	1.23	1.00	1.20
含硫化合物Sulfur compounds	5	6	4	5	4	0.90	1.12	0.99	1.00	0.80
卤代烃Halogenated hydrocarbons	4	4	3	4	4	0.72	0.75	0.74	0.80	0.80
醚类Ethers	3	2	2	3	3	0.54	0.37	0.49	0.60	0.60
其他化合物Others	3	3	3	3	3	0.54	0.56	0.74	0.60	0.60
合计Total	553	535	406	498	502	99.99	99.99	99.99	99.96	99.99

类别 Category	各种兰花中的种类数 Species quantity in different orchids					各种兰花中的相对含量 Relative content in different orchids/%
类别 Category	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5	F1	F2	F3	F4	F5
萜类Terpenoids	112	109	67	93	104	20.25	20.37	17.73	18.67	20.72
杂环化合物Heterocyclic compounds	89	84	72	90	84	16.09	15.70	16.50	18.07	16.72
酯类Esters	83	78	61	68	70	15.01	14.58	15.02	13.65	13.94
烃类Hydrocarbons	61	64	51	56	56	11.03	11.96	12.56	11.24	11.15
酮类Ketones	49	53	35	49	41	8.86	9.91	8.62	9.84	8.17
醇类Alcohol	46	40	36	38	41	8.32	7.48	8.87	7.63	8.17
芳香族化合物Aromatic compounds	32	28	24	29	30	5.79	5.23	5.91	5.82	5.97
醛类Aldehydes	31	31	25	29	30	5.61	5.79	6.16	5.82	5.97
胺类Amine	10	9	6	8	13	1.81	1.68	1.48	2.41	2.59
酸类Acids	13	10	7	12	7	2.35	1.87	1.72	1.61	1.39
酚类Phenol	5	7	5	5	6	0.90	1.31	1.23	1.20	1.20
含氮化合物Nitrogen compounds	7	7	5	6	6	1.27	1.31	1.23	1.00	1.20
含硫化合物Sulfur compounds	5	6	4	5	4	0.90	1.12	0.99	1.00	0.80
卤代烃Halogenated hydrocarbons	4	4	3	4	4	0.72	0.75	0.74	0.80	0.80
醚类Ethers	3	2	2	3	3	0.54	0.37	0.49	0.60	0.60
其他化合物Others	3	3	3	3	3	0.54	0.56	0.74	0.60	0.60
合计Total	553	535	406	498	502	99.99	99.99	99.99	99.96	99.99

类别 Category	化合物 Coumpound			阈值 Threshold/ (μg·mL^-1)		各种兰花中的气味活度值 Relative odor activity value in different orchids
类别 Category	化合物 Coumpound			阈值 Threshold/ (μg·mL^-1)		晶帽石斛 Dendrobium crystallinum		杓唇石斛 Dendrobium moschatum		球花石斛 Dendrobium thyrsiflorum		领带兰 Bulbophyllum phalaenopsis	棘唇石豆兰 Bulbophyllum echinolabium
萜类		β-紫罗兰酮β-Ionone	0.000 12		59 902.36		4 097.45		3 782.32		219 217.90		51 153.94
Terpenoids		异樟脑Isoborneol	0.008 5		723.63		303.13		—		404.79		49.46
		α-紫罗兰酮α-Ionone	0.003 78		299.06		217.98		—		—		—
		甲基异冰片2-Methylisoborneol	0.000 48		176.85		152.83		130.10		124.54		99.15
		(-)-顺-香芹醇	0.25		118.95		95.62		113.91		160.71		116.9
		2-Cyclohexen-1-ol, 2-methyl-5- (1-methylethenyl)-, cis-
		(Z)-3,7-二甲基-1,3,6-十八烷三烯	0.034		2.10		19.5		12.24		4.33		4.61
		1,3,6-Octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-, (Z)-
		古巴烯Copaene	0.006		1.60		MAC		—		1.52		22.44
		6,6-二甲基-双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯-2-甲醇	0.007		11.77		—		—		7.88		—
		Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-methanol, 6,6-dimethyl-
		(+)-柠檬烯D-Limonene	0.034		—		9.24		5.56		1.45		1.88
		(S)-1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)-环己烯	0.034		MAC		8.58		4.54		1.40		1.62
		Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1- methylethenyl)-, (S)-
		3,7,11-三甲基-2,6,10-十二碳三烯-1-醇	1		—		7.7		—		—		—
		2,6,10-Dodecatrien-1-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-
		罗勒烯β-Ocimene	0.034		13.28		MAC		MAC		1.99		MAC
		β-罗勒烯trans-β-Ocimene	0.034		13.28		MAC		MAC		1.94		MAC
		(R)-3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯醇	0.04		MAC		—		—		1.08		MAC
		6-Octen-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, (R)-
		水芹烯α-Phellandrene 1	0.04		5.65		MAC		—		4.97		—
		香茅醛Citronellal	0.06		—		MAC		4.19		MAC		2.17
		月桂烯β-Myrcene	0.015		12.46		2.87		11.43		13.46		7.03
		2-[2,2,6-三甲基-7-氧杂二环[4.1.0] 庚-1-基]-3-丁烯-2-酮 3-Buten-2-one, 4-(2,2,6-trimethyl-7- oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-1-yl)-	0.1		1.16		—		PAC		PAC		—
		β-蒎烯β-Pinene	0.14		2.56		PAC		MAC		1.68		MAC
		萜品油烯	0.2		2.25		PAC		PAC		1.06		PAC
		Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1- methylethylidene)
		α-蒎烯α-Pinene	0.27		1.27		MAC		PAC		36.84		PAC
		柠檬烯Limonene	0.01		14.44		1.32		3.32		49.80		2.57
		1-甲基-3-(1-甲基乙基)-苯	0.8		1.29		PAC		PAC		MAC		PAC
		Benzene, 1-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)-
		顺式-柠檬醛	1		1.12		MAC		1.08		1.49		1.10
		2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-, (Z)-
		松油烯-4-醇Terpinen-4-ol	1.2		1.80		PAC		PAC		MAC		PAC
		γ-松油烯γ-Terpinene	2.1		1.27		MAC		MAC		MAC		PAC
		(1S)-6,6-二甲基-2-亚甲基-双环 [3.1.1]庚烷	4.16		PAC		PAC		PAC		2.41		PAC
		Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 6,6- dimethyl-2-methylene-, (1S)-
醛类		反式-2,4-癸二烯醛	0.000 07		1 650.32		23 229.26		—		9 736.66		13 006.08
Aldehydes		2,4-Decadienal, (E, E)-
		(2E, 4Z)-2,4-癸二烯醛	0.000 07		95.12		5 453.66		—		2 898.15		3 235.19
		(2E, 4Z)-2,4-Decadienal
		顺-4-庚烯醛4-Heptenal, (Z)-	0.000 025		1 878.15		5 382.77		3 301.29		2 237.85		1 598.17
		反,顺-2,6-壬二烯醛	0.000 01		32 709.17		5 104.40		41 494.43		11 940.60		28 997.02
		2,6-Nonadienal, (E, Z)-
		(Z)-6-壬醛6-Nonenal, (Z)-	0.000 14		1 239.69		1 957.30		1 644.91		588.38		909.35
		己醛Hexanal	0.005		2 734.82		1 279.57		1 255.72		210.26		777.6
		2-壬烯醛2-Nonenal	0.000 1		1 740.92		640.69		—		917.09		—
		(E, E)-2,4-壬二烯醛	0.0002		1 212.39		—		174.74		2 402.57		1 276.71
		2,4-Nonadienal, (E, E)
		6-壬烯醛6-Nonenal, (E)	0.000 022		4 018.05		180.37		685.13		360.73		382.91
		庚醛Heptanal	0.002 8		40.50		111.77		62.90		55.01		34.45
		三聚乙醛Paraldehyde	0.02		96.55		97.70		92.09		96.62		93.20
		(E)-4-壬醛4-Nonenal, (E)	0.002 2		2.03		—		—		—		—
		3-苯基-2-丙醛2-Propenal, 3-phenyl-	0.024		—		69.89		—		—		—
		(E)-2-己烯醛2-Hexenal, (E)	0.003 1		2 048.19		58.95		328.66		—		503.47
		(Z)-3-己烯醛3-Hexenal, (Z)	0.004		132.11		47.32		48.01		9.09		40.97
		E-2-辛烯醛(E)-2-Octenal	0.003		27.19		40.40		60.23		35.98		32.64
		反-2-十二烯醛2-Dodecenal, (E)	0.007 3		20.24		—		—		—		—
		2-己烯醛2-Hexenal	0.017		390.63		12.32		66.54		—		97.11
		苯乙醛Benzeneacetaldehyde	0.006 3		63.30		8.98		5.16		21.53		39.6
		十一碳烯醛10-Undecenal	0.003 5		7.07		5.11		3.11		7.59		5.83
		棕榈醛Hexadecanal	0.06		—		3.86		—		—		—
		4-乙基苯甲醛Benzaldehyde, 4-ethyl-	0.123 2		1.08		PAC		MAC		MAC		PAC
		苯甲醛Benzaldehyde	0.35		1.04		1.90		MAC		1.04		1.07
酯类Esters		3-巯基己基乙酸酯	0.000 02		1 539.84		3 375.20		1 523.41		2 083.92		1 490.15
		3-Mercaptohexyl acetate
		(E)-肉桂酸乙酯	0.000 7		193.10		—		—		—		—
		2-Propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-, ethyl ester, (E)
		苯甲酸甲酯Benzoic acid, methyl ester	0.000 5		1 684.58		149.45		204.98		277.05		223.85
		顺式-4-癸烯酸甲酯	0.003		2.80		90.13		1.47		3.50		2.89
		4-Decenoic acid, methyl ester, Z
		异丁酸庚酯	0.012		99.79		81.31		95.84		132.92		96.06
		Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, heptyl ester
		正戊酸-(Z)-3-己烯酯	0.06		53.51		42.59		51.52		71.73		52.01
		N-Valeric acid cis-3-hexenyl ester
		异戊酸己酯	0.022		—		34.12		—		—		—
		Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, hexyl ester
		β-苯乙酸乙酯	0.249 59		6.57		34.08		4.04		16.22		2.52
		Acetic acid, 2-phenylethyl ester
		丙烯酸丁酯2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester	0.002 9		41.31		24.94		30.14		27.12		34.26
		庚酸乙酯Heptanoic acid, ethyl ester	0.002		16.86		17.67		15.82		23.88		13.89
		丁酸异戊酯	0.07		4.36		12.62		9.38		5.78		2.74
		Butanoic acid, 3-methylbutyl ester
		乙酸环戊酯Cyclopentanol, acetate	0.021		MAC		—		—		12.96		—
		3-甲基丙酯-丁酸	0.008 7		5.92		6.32		7.63		6.50		6.21
		Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, propyl ester
		异丁酸2-甲基丁酯	0.014		9.48		5.22		5.17		6.62		4.00
		Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methylbutyl ester
		庚酸甲酯Heptanoic acid, methyl ester	0.004		2.64		5.17		4.90		4.79		2.80
		乙酸异丁酯Isobutyl acetate	0.922		2.06		1.92		1.93		2.01		1.93
		壬烷-2-乙酸酯2-Nonanol, acetate	0.31		2.22		1.79		2.12		2.96		2.18
		2-甲基丁酸3-甲基丁酯	0.14		1.05		1.29		1.23		MAC		MAC
		Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3-methylbutyl ester
杂环化合物		2-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪	0.000 002		25 383 607.76		16 728 605.97		21 530 710.79		32 254 177.78		16 652 220.92
Heterocyclic		Pyrazine, 2-methoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)
compounds		5-乙基-3-羟基-4-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮	0.000 002		2 352 592.40		1 537 635.20		2 022 963.60		2 903 282.50		1 523 130.00
		2(5H)-Furanone, 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy- 4-methyl
		呋喃酮Furaneol	0.001		6 204.65		6 282.93		9 748.80		8 619.49		7 744.30
		2-噻吩甲基硫醇2-Thiophenemethanethiol	0.000 04		734.76		916.9		1 118.62		807.28		646.28
		2-戊基呋喃Furan, 2-pentyl	0.006		50.34		193.57		531.78		873.3		396.28
		3-甲基-1H-吲哚Indole, 3-methyl	0.000 41		—		—		—		—		7.05
		2-甲基-3-(甲硫基)-吡嗪	0.001		1.48		—		—		—		—
		Pyrazine, 2-methyl-3-(methylthio)
		2-乙酰基噻吩Ethanone, 1-(2-thienyl)	0.001		505.41		101.61		132.37		195.25		127.37
		(R)-5,6,7,7a-四氢-4,4,7a-三甲基2(4H)-苯并呋喃酮	0.002		38.72		15.26		—		153.56		33.86
		2(4H)-Benzofuranone, 5,6,7,7a- tetrahydro-4,4,7a-trimethyl-, (R)
		乙酰吡嗪Acetylpyrazine	0.01		MAC		—		—		2.05		MAC
		2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪	0.016		61.56		MAC		MAC		6.71		MAC
		Pyrazine, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-
		2-甲氧基-6-甲基-吡嗪	0.017		1.05		MAC		1.11		1.33		MAC
		Pyrazine, 2-methoxy-6-methyl
		四氢-6-甲基-2H-吡喃-2-酮	0.026 83		19.6		8.35		10.04		14.55		9.88
		2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-6-methyl
		2-甲基-1,3-二硫戊环	0.02		—		MAC		1.91		3.90		3.43
		2-Methyl-1,3-dithiacyclopentane
		5-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-环戊并吡嗪	0.05		14.46		MAC		MAC		MAC		PAC
		5H-5-Methyl-6,7-dihydrocyclopentapyrazine
		2-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪	0.24		4.08		PAC		PAC		MAC		PAC
		Pyrazine, 2-ethyl-3-methyl
		2-丙基-呋喃Furan, 2-propyl	0.2		2.59		1.11		1.11		MAC		MAC
芳香族化合物		二甲萘烷醇	0.000 21		110.17		91.68		154.02		241.55		24.41
Aromatic compounds		4a(2H)-Naphthalenol, octahydro-4, 8a-dimethyl-,(4.alpha.,4a.alpha., 8a.beta)
		(2-硝基)苯乙烷	0.002		8.60		—		—		—		2.56
		Benzene, (2-nitroethyl)-
		1,4-二乙基-苯Benzene, 1,4-diethyl	0.002 1		14.06		—		—		—		—
		联苯Biphenyl	0.003 3		MAC		MAC		—		1.45		MAC
		萘Naphthalene	0.05		35.66		16.10		13.89		20.33		14.41
		1-乙基-3-甲基-苯	0.088		5.08		9.63		4.52		5.93		6.98
		Benzene, 1-ethyl-3-methyl
		正丁基苯Benzene, N-butyl	0.014		98.15		9.24		6.93		12.83		2.41
		2-甲基-萘Naphthalene, 2-methyl	0.004		16.11		6.37		3.33		7.17		4.21
		2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚	0.003		32.48		5.17		—		2.87		3.86
		2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol
		1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)苯	0.085		2.02		—		PAC		MAC		PAC
		Benzene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)
		1,2,4-三甲基苯	0.26		MAC		PAC		1.35		1.67		1.79
		Benzene, 1,2,4-trimethyl
		茚满Indane	0.01		—		1.33		MAC		1.93		MAC
		对称三甲基苯Mesitylene	0.83		MAC		1.04		MAC		MAC		MAC
酮类Ketones		1-辛烯-3-酮1-Octen-3-one	0.000 01		56 407.53		26 309.66		35 944.35		7 799.98		11 425.94
		5-甲基-2-庚-4-酮	0.000 05		69.86		42.37		33.35		1 247.50		22.12
		5-Methyl-(E)-2-hepten-4-one
		邻氨基苯乙酮	0.000 27		—		13.60		—		—		—
		Ethanone, 1-(2-aminophenyl)
		2-己酮2-Hexanone	0.098		19.31		8.86		8.24		1.45		5.55
		甲基庚烯酮5-Hepten-2-one, 6-methyl	0.05		2.50		MAC		3.66		1.24		MAC
		4-苯基-2-丁酮2-Butanone, 4-phenyl	2.5		—		2.42		—		PAC		—
		4-十一烷酮4-Undecanone	0.041		4.15		2.03		1.99		2.65		1.31
		4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮	0.2		2.46		MAC		1.04		MAC		MAC
		3-Penten-2-one, 4-methyl
		异佛尔酮Isophorone	0.011		9.77		1.52		—		MAC		—
		(E)-6,10-二甲基-5,9-十一碳烯-2-酮	0.01		—		1.15		—		3.41		—
		5,9-Undecadien-2-one, 6, 10-dimethyl-, (E)
醇类Alcohol		4-苯基-2-丁醇4-Phenyl-2-butanol	0.004		19.61		21.61		18.30		26.73		18.88
		脱氢芳樟醇Hotrienol	0.11		1.58		15.21		9.99		2.12		2.34
		辛烯-3-醇1-Octen-3-ol	0.001		18.41		12.53		17.66		24.82		12.41
		1-辛醇1-Octanol	0.022		4.47		—		—		—		—
		苯甲醇Benzyl alcohol	0.1		1.41		5.85		3.56		2.16		1.33
		3-甲基-1-丁醇1-Butanol, 3-methyl-	0.004		20.81		3.90		4.47		19.01		28.37
		6-十一烷醇6-Undecanol	0.009		6.31		3.47		3.13		4.52		2.70
		α-甲基-苯甲醇	0.479		1.11		1.20		MAC		MAC		MAC
		Benzenemethanol,.alpha.-methyl
含硫化合物		1-对孟烯-8-硫醇	0.000 000 02		—		736 397.12		—		—		—
Sulfur compounds		3-Cyclohexene-1-methanethiol,. alpha.,.alpha.,4-trimethyl
		苯甲硫醇Benzenemethanethiol	0.000 003 5		620 128.73		30 739.90		37 843.09		53 124.48		38 031.16
		二乙基二硫醚Diethyl disulfur compounds	0.000 007 2		688.41		—		—		18 920.57		—
		二甲基三硫Dimethyl trisulfur compounds	0.000 008		183.72		1 197.67		459.49		11 588.72		1 682.35
		异硫氰酸苯甲酯	0.000 7		—		18.5		—		—		—
		Benzene, (isothiocyanatomethyl)
酚类Phenols		3-乙基-苯酚Phenol, 3-ethyl	0.000 85		—		50.15		—		—		—
		愈创木酚2-Methoxy-phenol	0.001 6		5.79		7.24		12.67		8.06		10.83
		苯酚Phenol	0.03		5.16		3.93		8.20		11.25		5.35
烃类		十三烷Tridecane	0.042		1.02		MAC		MAC		MAC		MAC
Hydrocarbons		(6Z)-6-[(E)-丁二烯基]-	0.1		MAC		PAC		—		MAC		1.05
		1,5,5-三甲基环己烯 Megastigma-4,6(Z),8(E)-triene
含氮化合物		十二腈Dodecanenitrile	0.000 09		110.68		35.77		—		—		—
Nitrogen compounds
胺类Amine		N, N-二甲基-苯胺	0.012		8.78		2.31		3.32		3.88		3.38
		Benzen amine, N, N-dimethyl

类别 Category	化合物 Coumpound			阈值 Threshold/ (μg·mL^-1)		各种兰花中的气味活度值 Relative odor activity value in different orchids
类别 Category	化合物 Coumpound			阈值 Threshold/ (μg·mL^-1)		晶帽石斛 Dendrobium crystallinum		杓唇石斛 Dendrobium moschatum		球花石斛 Dendrobium thyrsiflorum		领带兰 Bulbophyllum phalaenopsis	棘唇石豆兰 Bulbophyllum echinolabium
萜类		β-紫罗兰酮β-Ionone	0.000 12		59 902.36		4 097.45		3 782.32		219 217.90		51 153.94
Terpenoids		异樟脑Isoborneol	0.008 5		723.63		303.13		—		404.79		49.46
		α-紫罗兰酮α-Ionone	0.003 78		299.06		217.98		—		—		—
		甲基异冰片2-Methylisoborneol	0.000 48		176.85		152.83		130.10		124.54		99.15
		(-)-顺-香芹醇	0.25		118.95		95.62		113.91		160.71		116.9
		2-Cyclohexen-1-ol, 2-methyl-5- (1-methylethenyl)-, cis-
		(Z)-3,7-二甲基-1,3,6-十八烷三烯	0.034		2.10		19.5		12.24		4.33		4.61
		1,3,6-Octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-, (Z)-
		古巴烯Copaene	0.006		1.60		MAC		—		1.52		22.44
		6,6-二甲基-双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯-2-甲醇	0.007		11.77		—		—		7.88		—
		Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene-2-methanol, 6,6-dimethyl-
		(+)-柠檬烯D-Limonene	0.034		—		9.24		5.56		1.45		1.88
		(S)-1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)-环己烯	0.034		MAC		8.58		4.54		1.40		1.62
		Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1- methylethenyl)-, (S)-
		3,7,11-三甲基-2,6,10-十二碳三烯-1-醇	1		—		7.7		—		—		—
		2,6,10-Dodecatrien-1-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-
		罗勒烯β-Ocimene	0.034		13.28		MAC		MAC		1.99		MAC
		β-罗勒烯trans-β-Ocimene	0.034		13.28		MAC		MAC		1.94		MAC
		(R)-3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯醇	0.04		MAC		—		—		1.08		MAC
		6-Octen-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, (R)-
		水芹烯α-Phellandrene 1	0.04		5.65		MAC		—		4.97		—
		香茅醛Citronellal	0.06		—		MAC		4.19		MAC		2.17
		月桂烯β-Myrcene	0.015		12.46		2.87		11.43		13.46		7.03
		2-[2,2,6-三甲基-7-氧杂二环[4.1.0] 庚-1-基]-3-丁烯-2-酮 3-Buten-2-one, 4-(2,2,6-trimethyl-7- oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-1-yl)-	0.1		1.16		—		PAC		PAC		—
		β-蒎烯β-Pinene	0.14		2.56		PAC		MAC		1.68		MAC
		萜品油烯	0.2		2.25		PAC		PAC		1.06		PAC
		Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1- methylethylidene)
		α-蒎烯α-Pinene	0.27		1.27		MAC		PAC		36.84		PAC
		柠檬烯Limonene	0.01		14.44		1.32		3.32		49.80		2.57
		1-甲基-3-(1-甲基乙基)-苯	0.8		1.29		PAC		PAC		MAC		PAC
		Benzene, 1-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)-
		顺式-柠檬醛	1		1.12		MAC		1.08		1.49		1.10
		2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-, (Z)-
		松油烯-4-醇Terpinen-4-ol	1.2		1.80		PAC		PAC		MAC		PAC
		γ-松油烯γ-Terpinene	2.1		1.27		MAC		MAC		MAC		PAC
		(1S)-6,6-二甲基-2-亚甲基-双环 [3.1.1]庚烷	4.16		PAC		PAC		PAC		2.41		PAC
		Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, 6,6- dimethyl-2-methylene-, (1S)-
醛类		反式-2,4-癸二烯醛	0.000 07		1 650.32		23 229.26		—		9 736.66		13 006.08
Aldehydes		2,4-Decadienal, (E, E)-
		(2E, 4Z)-2,4-癸二烯醛	0.000 07		95.12		5 453.66		—		2 898.15		3 235.19
		(2E, 4Z)-2,4-Decadienal
		顺-4-庚烯醛4-Heptenal, (Z)-	0.000 025		1 878.15		5 382.77		3 301.29		2 237.85		1 598.17
		反,顺-2,6-壬二烯醛	0.000 01		32 709.17		5 104.40		41 494.43		11 940.60		28 997.02
		2,6-Nonadienal, (E, Z)-
		(Z)-6-壬醛6-Nonenal, (Z)-	0.000 14		1 239.69		1 957.30		1 644.91		588.38		909.35
		己醛Hexanal	0.005		2 734.82		1 279.57		1 255.72		210.26		777.6
		2-壬烯醛2-Nonenal	0.000 1		1 740.92		640.69		—		917.09		—
		(E, E)-2,4-壬二烯醛	0.0002		1 212.39		—		174.74		2 402.57		1 276.71
		2,4-Nonadienal, (E, E)
		6-壬烯醛6-Nonenal, (E)	0.000 022		4 018.05		180.37		685.13		360.73		382.91
		庚醛Heptanal	0.002 8		40.50		111.77		62.90		55.01		34.45
		三聚乙醛Paraldehyde	0.02		96.55		97.70		92.09		96.62		93.20
		(E)-4-壬醛4-Nonenal, (E)	0.002 2		2.03		—		—		—		—
		3-苯基-2-丙醛2-Propenal, 3-phenyl-	0.024		—		69.89		—		—		—
		(E)-2-己烯醛2-Hexenal, (E)	0.003 1		2 048.19		58.95		328.66		—		503.47
		(Z)-3-己烯醛3-Hexenal, (Z)	0.004		132.11		47.32		48.01		9.09		40.97
		E-2-辛烯醛(E)-2-Octenal	0.003		27.19		40.40		60.23		35.98		32.64
		反-2-十二烯醛2-Dodecenal, (E)	0.007 3		20.24		—		—		—		—
		2-己烯醛2-Hexenal	0.017		390.63		12.32		66.54		—		97.11
		苯乙醛Benzeneacetaldehyde	0.006 3		63.30		8.98		5.16		21.53		39.6
		十一碳烯醛10-Undecenal	0.003 5		7.07		5.11		3.11		7.59		5.83
		棕榈醛Hexadecanal	0.06		—		3.86		—		—		—
		4-乙基苯甲醛Benzaldehyde, 4-ethyl-	0.123 2		1.08		PAC		MAC		MAC		PAC
		苯甲醛Benzaldehyde	0.35		1.04		1.90		MAC		1.04		1.07
酯类Esters		3-巯基己基乙酸酯	0.000 02		1 539.84		3 375.20		1 523.41		2 083.92		1 490.15
		3-Mercaptohexyl acetate
		(E)-肉桂酸乙酯	0.000 7		193.10		—		—		—		—
		2-Propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-, ethyl ester, (E)
		苯甲酸甲酯Benzoic acid, methyl ester	0.000 5		1 684.58		149.45		204.98		277.05		223.85
		顺式-4-癸烯酸甲酯	0.003		2.80		90.13		1.47		3.50		2.89
		4-Decenoic acid, methyl ester, Z
		异丁酸庚酯	0.012		99.79		81.31		95.84		132.92		96.06
		Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, heptyl ester
		正戊酸-(Z)-3-己烯酯	0.06		53.51		42.59		51.52		71.73		52.01
		N-Valeric acid cis-3-hexenyl ester
		异戊酸己酯	0.022		—		34.12		—		—		—
		Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, hexyl ester
		β-苯乙酸乙酯	0.249 59		6.57		34.08		4.04		16.22		2.52
		Acetic acid, 2-phenylethyl ester
		丙烯酸丁酯2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester	0.002 9		41.31		24.94		30.14		27.12		34.26
		庚酸乙酯Heptanoic acid, ethyl ester	0.002		16.86		17.67		15.82		23.88		13.89
		丁酸异戊酯	0.07		4.36		12.62		9.38		5.78		2.74
		Butanoic acid, 3-methylbutyl ester
		乙酸环戊酯Cyclopentanol, acetate	0.021		MAC		—		—		12.96		—
		3-甲基丙酯-丁酸	0.008 7		5.92		6.32		7.63		6.50		6.21
		Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, propyl ester
		异丁酸2-甲基丁酯	0.014		9.48		5.22		5.17		6.62		4.00
		Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-methylbutyl ester
		庚酸甲酯Heptanoic acid, methyl ester	0.004		2.64		5.17		4.90		4.79		2.80
		乙酸异丁酯Isobutyl acetate	0.922		2.06		1.92		1.93		2.01		1.93
		壬烷-2-乙酸酯2-Nonanol, acetate	0.31		2.22		1.79		2.12		2.96		2.18
		2-甲基丁酸3-甲基丁酯	0.14		1.05		1.29		1.23		MAC		MAC
		Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3-methylbutyl ester
杂环化合物		2-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪	0.000 002		25 383 607.76		16 728 605.97		21 530 710.79		32 254 177.78		16 652 220.92
Heterocyclic		Pyrazine, 2-methoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)
compounds		5-乙基-3-羟基-4-甲基-2(5H)-呋喃酮	0.000 002		2 352 592.40		1 537 635.20		2 022 963.60		2 903 282.50		1 523 130.00
		2(5H)-Furanone, 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy- 4-methyl
		呋喃酮Furaneol	0.001		6 204.65		6 282.93		9 748.80		8 619.49		7 744.30
		2-噻吩甲基硫醇2-Thiophenemethanethiol	0.000 04		734.76		916.9		1 118.62		807.28		646.28
		2-戊基呋喃Furan, 2-pentyl	0.006		50.34		193.57		531.78		873.3		396.28
		3-甲基-1H-吲哚Indole, 3-methyl	0.000 41		—		—		—		—		7.05
		2-甲基-3-(甲硫基)-吡嗪	0.001		1.48		—		—		—		—
		Pyrazine, 2-methyl-3-(methylthio)
		2-乙酰基噻吩Ethanone, 1-(2-thienyl)	0.001		505.41		101.61		132.37		195.25		127.37
		(R)-5,6,7,7a-四氢-4,4,7a-三甲基2(4H)-苯并呋喃酮	0.002		38.72		15.26		—		153.56		33.86
		2(4H)-Benzofuranone, 5,6,7,7a- tetrahydro-4,4,7a-trimethyl-, (R)
		乙酰吡嗪Acetylpyrazine	0.01		MAC		—		—		2.05		MAC
		2-乙基-5-甲基吡嗪	0.016		61.56		MAC		MAC		6.71		MAC
		Pyrazine, 2-ethyl-5-methyl-
		2-甲氧基-6-甲基-吡嗪	0.017		1.05		MAC		1.11		1.33		MAC
		Pyrazine, 2-methoxy-6-methyl
		四氢-6-甲基-2H-吡喃-2-酮	0.026 83		19.6		8.35		10.04		14.55		9.88
		2H-Pyran-2-one, tetrahydro-6-methyl
		2-甲基-1,3-二硫戊环	0.02		—		MAC		1.91		3.90		3.43
		2-Methyl-1,3-dithiacyclopentane
		5-甲基-6,7-二氢-5H-环戊并吡嗪	0.05		14.46		MAC		MAC		MAC		PAC
		5H-5-Methyl-6,7-dihydrocyclopentapyrazine
		2-乙基-3-甲基吡嗪	0.24		4.08		PAC		PAC		MAC		PAC
		Pyrazine, 2-ethyl-3-methyl
		2-丙基-呋喃Furan, 2-propyl	0.2		2.59		1.11		1.11		MAC		MAC
芳香族化合物		二甲萘烷醇	0.000 21		110.17		91.68		154.02		241.55		24.41
Aromatic compounds		4a(2H)-Naphthalenol, octahydro-4, 8a-dimethyl-,(4.alpha.,4a.alpha., 8a.beta)
		(2-硝基)苯乙烷	0.002		8.60		—		—		—		2.56
		Benzene, (2-nitroethyl)-
		1,4-二乙基-苯Benzene, 1,4-diethyl	0.002 1		14.06		—		—		—		—
		联苯Biphenyl	0.003 3		MAC		MAC		—		1.45		MAC
		萘Naphthalene	0.05		35.66		16.10		13.89		20.33		14.41
		1-乙基-3-甲基-苯	0.088		5.08		9.63		4.52		5.93		6.98
		Benzene, 1-ethyl-3-methyl
		正丁基苯Benzene, N-butyl	0.014		98.15		9.24		6.93		12.83		2.41
		2-甲基-萘Naphthalene, 2-methyl	0.004		16.11		6.37		3.33		7.17		4.21
		2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚	0.003		32.48		5.17		—		2.87		3.86
		2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol
		1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)苯	0.085		2.02		—		PAC		MAC		PAC
		Benzene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)
		1,2,4-三甲基苯	0.26		MAC		PAC		1.35		1.67		1.79
		Benzene, 1,2,4-trimethyl
		茚满Indane	0.01		—		1.33		MAC		1.93		MAC
		对称三甲基苯Mesitylene	0.83		MAC		1.04		MAC		MAC		MAC
酮类Ketones		1-辛烯-3-酮1-Octen-3-one	0.000 01		56 407.53		26 309.66		35 944.35		7 799.98		11 425.94
		5-甲基-2-庚-4-酮	0.000 05		69.86		42.37		33.35		1 247.50		22.12
		5-Methyl-(E)-2-hepten-4-one
		邻氨基苯乙酮	0.000 27		—		13.60		—		—		—
		Ethanone, 1-(2-aminophenyl)
		2-己酮2-Hexanone	0.098		19.31		8.86		8.24		1.45		5.55
		甲基庚烯酮5-Hepten-2-one, 6-methyl	0.05		2.50		MAC		3.66		1.24		MAC
		4-苯基-2-丁酮2-Butanone, 4-phenyl	2.5		—		2.42		—		PAC		—
		4-十一烷酮4-Undecanone	0.041		4.15		2.03		1.99		2.65		1.31
		4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮	0.2		2.46		MAC		1.04		MAC		MAC
		3-Penten-2-one, 4-methyl
		异佛尔酮Isophorone	0.011		9.77		1.52		—		MAC		—
		(E)-6,10-二甲基-5,9-十一碳烯-2-酮	0.01		—		1.15		—		3.41		—
		5,9-Undecadien-2-one, 6, 10-dimethyl-, (E)
醇类Alcohol		4-苯基-2-丁醇4-Phenyl-2-butanol	0.004		19.61		21.61		18.30		26.73		18.88
		脱氢芳樟醇Hotrienol	0.11		1.58		15.21		9.99		2.12		2.34
		辛烯-3-醇1-Octen-3-ol	0.001		18.41		12.53		17.66		24.82		12.41
		1-辛醇1-Octanol	0.022		4.47		—		—		—		—
		苯甲醇Benzyl alcohol	0.1		1.41		5.85		3.56		2.16		1.33
		3-甲基-1-丁醇1-Butanol, 3-methyl-	0.004		20.81		3.90		4.47		19.01		28.37
		6-十一烷醇6-Undecanol	0.009		6.31		3.47		3.13		4.52		2.70
		α-甲基-苯甲醇	0.479		1.11		1.20		MAC		MAC		MAC
		Benzenemethanol,.alpha.-methyl
含硫化合物		1-对孟烯-8-硫醇	0.000 000 02		—		736 397.12		—		—		—
Sulfur compounds		3-Cyclohexene-1-methanethiol,. alpha.,.alpha.,4-trimethyl
		苯甲硫醇Benzenemethanethiol	0.000 003 5		620 128.73		30 739.90		37 843.09		53 124.48		38 031.16
		二乙基二硫醚Diethyl disulfur compounds	0.000 007 2		688.41		—		—		18 920.57		—
		二甲基三硫Dimethyl trisulfur compounds	0.000 008		183.72		1 197.67		459.49		11 588.72		1 682.35
		异硫氰酸苯甲酯	0.000 7		—		18.5		—		—		—
		Benzene, (isothiocyanatomethyl)
酚类Phenols		3-乙基-苯酚Phenol, 3-ethyl	0.000 85		—		50.15		—		—		—
		愈创木酚2-Methoxy-phenol	0.001 6		5.79		7.24		12.67		8.06		10.83
		苯酚Phenol	0.03		5.16		3.93		8.20		11.25		5.35
烃类		十三烷Tridecane	0.042		1.02		MAC		MAC		MAC		MAC
Hydrocarbons		(6Z)-6-[(E)-丁二烯基]-	0.1		MAC		PAC		—		MAC		1.05
		1,5,5-三甲基环己烯 Megastigma-4,6(Z),8(E)-triene
含氮化合物		十二腈Dodecanenitrile	0.000 09		110.68		35.77		—		—		—
Nitrogen compounds
胺类Amine		N, N-二甲基-苯胺	0.012		8.78		2.31		3.32		3.88		3.38
		Benzen amine, N, N-dimethyl

Volatile components in flowers of 5 rare and endangered orchids

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