Effects of slow-release fertilizer and exogenous substances application on grain filling characteristics and quality of the main crop in ratoon rice

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250396

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (7): 1313-1326.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250396

• Crop Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of slow-release fertilizer and exogenous substances application on grain filling characteristics and quality of the main crop in ratoon rice

ZHANG Danke(), WANG Li, LI Hairun, LI Haojing, CAO Jing, XU Guowei^*()

College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China

Received:2025-05-21 Online:2026-07-25 Published:2026-08-20

Abstract

Abstract:

Fertilization and exogenous substance application have certain effects on rice growth, development, yield, and quality formation. To clarify the effects of slow-release fertilizer and exogenous substances on grain filling characteristics and quality of the main crop in ratoon rice, two varieties, Taoyouxiangzhan and Xudao 3, were used as test materials, and four treatments were set up: conventional urea (CK), slow-release fertilizer (SRF), slow-release fertilizer + brassinolide (SRF+BR), and slow-release fertilizer + α-naphthaleneacetic acid (SRF+NAA). The grain filling characteristics of the main crop under different treatments and their relationships with rice quality were analyzed, aiming to provide reference for high-yield cultivation of high-quality ratoon rice. The results showed that compared with CK and SRF, the chalky grain rate, chalky area, chalkiness degree, amylose content, and protein content of both varieties under the SRF+BR treatment were significantly reduced. During grain filling, the activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), sucrose synthase (SuSase), Q-enzyme, and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) under SRF+BR were higher than those under CK and SRF, and the grain filling rate was the highest, with relatively small fluctuation throughout the filling process, which was conducive to grain plumpness. Correlation analysis indicated that milled rice rate and gel consistency were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with starch synthesis-related enzyme activities, while appearance quality and amylose starch content were significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with those enzyme activities. In summary, the SRF+BR treatment could increase grain filling rate and starch synthesis-related enzyme activities, promote starch synthesis and accumulation, and thus improve the quality of the main crop in ratoon rice.

Key words: ratoon rice, slow-release fertilizer, exogenous substances, rice quality, starch synthesis

CLC Number:

S511

ZHANG Danke, WANG Li, LI Hairun, LI Haojing, CAO Jing, XU Guowei. Effects of slow-release fertilizer and exogenous substances application on grain filling characteristics and quality of the main crop in ratoon rice[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(7): 1313-1326.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Temperature during grain filling in the main season of ratoon rice

Table 1 Effects of application of slow-release fertilizer and exogenous substances on processing quality of main crop rice

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	糙米率/% Brown rice rate/%	精米率/% Milled rice rate/%	整精米率/% Head rice rate/%
桃优香占	CK	70.98 c	65.21 c	55.88 c
Taoyouxiang-	SRF	71.15 bc	68.16 b	61.34 b
zhan	SRF+BR	74.20 b	71.59 a	67.13 a
	SRF+NAA	75.33 a	72.99 a	67.77 a
徐稻3号	CK	69.01 b	60.94 b	49.37 b
Xudao 3	SRF	71.63 a	64.69 a	52.71 ab
	SRF+BR	70.76 ab	65.61 a	52.82 ab
	SRF+NAA	72.25 a	65.69 a	55.95 a

Table 2 Effects of application of slow-release fertilizer and exogenous substances on the appearance quality of main crop rice

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	垩白粒率/% Chalky grain rate/%	垩白面积/% Chalky area/%	垩白度/% Chalkiness degree/%
桃优香占	CK	26.66 a	9.47 a	2.52 a
Taoyouxiangzhan	SRF	20.67 b	7.43 b	1.54 b
	SRF+BR	15.67 d	5.57 d	0.87 d
	SRF+NAA	17.33 c	6.30 c	1.09 c
徐稻3号	CK	32.33 a	13.37 a	4.31 a
Xudao 3	SRF	27.33 b	11.50 b	3.14 b
	SRF+BR	22.66 d	8.97 c	2.03 d
	SRF+NAA	25.67 c	10.33 b	2.65 c

Table 3 Effects of application of slow-release fertilizer and exogenous substances on the cooking and nutritional quality of main crop rice

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	碱消值 Alkali spreading value	蛋白质含量/% Protein content/%	直链淀粉含量/% Amylose starch content/%	胶稠度/mm Gel consistency/mm
桃优香占	CK	7.99 a	9.95 a	21.44 a	74.52 c
Taoyouxiangzhan	SRF	7.50 c	9.25 b	19.74 b	75.15 c
	SRF+BR	7.46 c	8.74 d	18.70 c	79.24 a
	SRF+NAA	7.59 b	9.18 c	18.46 c	78.21 b
徐稻3号	CK	7.95 a	10.19 a	14.30 b	57.58 d
Xudao 3	SRF	7.62 b	9.00 b	17.16 a	59.77 c
	SRF+BR	7.47 d	8.54 d	13.04 c	64.23 a
	SRF+NAA	7.57 c	8.86 c	13.64 bc	60.54 b

Fig.2 Effects of slow-release fertilizers and exogenous substance applications on 100-grain weight of superior and inferior grain of the main crop rice

Fig.3 Effects of slow-release fertilizers and exogenous substances on the filling rate (per single grain) of main crop rice grains

Fig.4 Effects of slow-release fertilizers and exogenous substances on ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) activity of main crop rice grains Bars in the same stage marked without the same letters indicate significant difference (p<0.05) within treatments. The same as below.

Fig.5 Effects of slow-release fertilizers and exogenous substances on sucrose synthase (SuSase) activity of main crop rice grains

Fig.6 Effects of slow-release fertilizers and exogenous substances on starch branching enzyme (Q-enzyme) activity in grains of main crop rice

Fig.7 Effects of slow-release fertilizers and exogenous substances on adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in grains of main crop rice

Fig.8 Relationship between the activities of key starch synthesis enzymes and quality of superior and inferior grains of the main crop rice * means that the correlation reaches a significant level of p<0.05, ** means that the correlation reaches a significant level of p<0.01. a, b and c, d are the superior and inferior grains of Taoyouxiangzhan and the superior and inferior grains of Xudao 3, respectively. S1, AGPase activity in superior grains at early filling stage; S2, SuSase activity in superior grains at early filling stage; S3, Q-enzyme activity in superior grains at early filling stage; S4, ATPase activity in superior grains at early filling stage; S5, AGPase activity in superior grains at middle filling stage; S6, SuSase activity in superior grains at middle filling stage; S7, Q-enzyme activity in superior grains at middle filling stage; S8, ATPase activity in superior grains at middle filling stage; S9, AGPase activity in superior grains at late filling stage; S10, SuSase activity in superior grains at late filling stage; S11, Q-enzyme activity in superior grains at late filling stage; S12, ATPase activity in superior grains at late filling stage; I1, AGPase activity in inferior grains at early filling stage; I2, SuSase activity in inferior grains at early filling stage; I3, Q-enzyme activity in inferior grains at early filling stage; I4, ATPase activity in inferior grains at early filling stage; I5, AGPase activity in inferior grains at middle filling stage; I6, SuSase activity in inferior grains at middle filling stage; I7, Q-enzyme activity in inferior grains at middle filling stage; I8, ATPase activity in inferior grains at middle filling stage; I9, AGPase activity in inferior grains at late filling stage; I10, SuSase activity in inferior grains at late filling stage; I11, Q-enzyme activity in inferior grains at late filling stage; I12, ATPase activity in inferior grains at late filling stage.

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Effects of slow-release fertilizer and exogenous substances application on grain filling characteristics and quality of the main crop in ratoon rice

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