Abstract: A field experiment was carried out with three processing methods to all the straw in the field （at the rate of 210 and 105 kg·m-1 with rice and wheat straw， individually）， with ditch depth of 20 cm （D2）， 30 cm （D3） and conventional field （CK）. The relationship between cost and income and ecological compensation of wheat and rice crops from sowing to harvest was analyzed in the whole process from farmland in order to evaluate economic effect of straw concentrated ditch\|buried returning field using machine from rice\|winter wheat rotation field. The results indicated that cost input of material was 15 42380， 18 68689， 21 58556 yuan·hm-2·a-1， while the total income was 43 03824， 47 89057， 45 72198 yuan·hm-2·a-1under CK， D2 and D3 for experimental field during rice\|winter wheat rotation system， respectively. The value of ecosystem services and ecological compensation was 37 96075， 51 62185， 40 63234 yuan·hm-2·a-1and 19768， 77097， 52521 yuan·hm-2·a-1，whose economic total benefit was 27 81230， 29 97466， 24 66164 yuan·hm-2·a-1under CK， D2 and D3 during rice\|winter wheat rotation system， respectively. Straw concentrated ditch\|buried returning field using machine had a greater cost input than CK. Through the establishment of ecological compensation mechanism for ecological compensation，straw concentrated ditch\|buried returning field using machine with the depth of 20 cm had the best economic revenue and net profit. Straw concentrated ditch\|buried returning field using machine ditch with suitable ditch depth can bring higher economic benefits than that of CK.

Key words: concentrated ditch\, buried, ecosystem services, ecological compensation, economic benefit