Structural design and experiment of picking and baling machine for wasted straw in field

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231417

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 2368-2378.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231417

• Biosystems Engineering • Previous Articles Next Articles

Structural design and experiment of picking and baling machine for wasted straw in field

WANG Haoyang¹(), JING Tiantian¹, TANG Zhong¹^,^*(), WANG Guoqiang², CHEN Shuren¹

1. College of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
2. Jiangsu Modern Agricultual and Animal Husbandry Equipment Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China

Received:2023-12-18 Online:2024-10-25 Published:2024-10-30

Abstract

Abstract:

A self-propelled straw picking and baling device has been designed to address the issues of low mechanization and high manual labor intensity in the harvesting of wasted straw in the fields of southern regions. It can complete integrated operation processes such as straw picking, feeding, conveying, and compression into bales, which can effectively promote the comprehensive use of straw resources. In this paper, the structural parameters of the key moving parts of the whole machine were calculated and designed, and the motion laws of different unit points of the compression device were obtained through simulation. Then the constrained mode simulation of the main frame was completed in ANSYS, and the relationship between natural frequency and multi-source excitation of the body was obtained. Finally, field harvesting experiments were conducted on the entire machine to comprehensively evaluate its operational performance. The results showed that the baling rate and regular baling rate were 98.94% and 97.47%, respectively. The average size of formed straw bales was 65 cm×50 cm×36 cm, with an average mass of 16.02 kg, the density of 137.42 kg·m^-3, the resistance rate of 96.25%, the total loss rate of 2.95%, and the pure working hour productivity of 0.832 5 t·h^-1. This study can provide reference for the development and subsequent optimization of the integrated machine for picking, transporting, and baling wasted straw in field.

Key words: straw harvesting, self-propelled baler, structural design of the device, field performance test

CLC Number:

S225.31

WANG Haoyang, JING Tiantian, TANG Zhong, WANG Guoqiang, CHEN Shuren. Structural design and experiment of picking and baling machine for wasted straw in field[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(10): 2368-2378.

Figures/Tables 15

References 20

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项目 Item	参数 Parameter
结构型式 Structural style	履带自走式 Crawler self- propelled type
发动机额定功率Rated power of engine/kW	48
发动机额定转速 Rated engine speed/(r·min^-1)	2 400
整机外形尺寸(长×宽×高) Overall dimensions of the machine (length× width×height)/(mm×mm×mm)	4 700×2 700×2 570
整机质量Whole machine weight/kg	3 500
捡拾割台宽度 Width of the pick-up and cutting table/mm	1 900
捡拾器型式 Pick up type	滑道滚筒式 Slide roller type
履带规格(宽度×节距×节数) Track specifications (width×pitch×number of sections)/(mm×mm)	450×90×51
履带轨距Track gauge/mm	1 150
理论作业速度 Theoretical working speed/(km·h^-1)	0~5.34
作业小时生产率 Hourly productivity of working/(hm²·h^-1)	0.3~0.7
压缩室截面尺寸 Compression chamber cross-sectional dimensions/(mm×mm)	360×500
草捆长度Straw length/mm	400~1 100

项目 Item	参数 Parameter
结构型式 Structural style	履带自走式 Crawler self- propelled type
发动机额定功率Rated power of engine/kW	48
发动机额定转速 Rated engine speed/(r·min^-1)	2 400
整机外形尺寸(长×宽×高) Overall dimensions of the machine (length× width×height)/(mm×mm×mm)	4 700×2 700×2 570
整机质量Whole machine weight/kg	3 500
捡拾割台宽度 Width of the pick-up and cutting table/mm	1 900
捡拾器型式 Pick up type	滑道滚筒式 Slide roller type
履带规格(宽度×节距×节数) Track specifications (width×pitch×number of sections)/(mm×mm)	450×90×51
履带轨距Track gauge/mm	1 150
理论作业速度 Theoretical working speed/(km·h^-1)	0~5.34
作业小时生产率 Hourly productivity of working/(hm²·h^-1)	0.3~0.7
压缩室截面尺寸 Compression chamber cross-sectional dimensions/(mm×mm)	360×500
草捆长度Straw length/mm	400~1 100

阶次 Order level	固有频率 Natural frequency/Hz	最大位移 Maximum displacement/mm	振型特点 Characteristics of vibration modes
1	26.615	5.989 5	驾驶室支撑梁弯曲The cab support beam is bent
2	32.434	5.737 1	驾驶室位置向下弯曲The driver’s cab is bent downwards
3	34.795	6.531 7	左前侧框架向下弯曲Left front frame bends downwards
4	39.020	6.421 2	草料箱位置支撑梁弯曲 The support beam for the position of the hay box is bent
5	51.834	10.619 0	驾驶室支撑梁扭转Driver’s cab support beam torsion
6	52.930	9.395 1	驾驶室框架弯扭组合Combination of bending and twisting of cab frame

阶次 Order level	固有频率 Natural frequency/Hz	最大位移 Maximum displacement/mm	振型特点 Characteristics of vibration modes
1	26.615	5.989 5	驾驶室支撑梁弯曲The cab support beam is bent
2	32.434	5.737 1	驾驶室位置向下弯曲The driver’s cab is bent downwards
3	34.795	6.531 7	左前侧框架向下弯曲Left front frame bends downwards
4	39.020	6.421 2	草料箱位置支撑梁弯曲 The support beam for the position of the hay box is bent
5	51.834	10.619 0	驾驶室支撑梁扭转Driver’s cab support beam torsion
6	52.930	9.395 1	驾驶室框架弯扭组合Combination of bending and twisting of cab frame

阶次 Order level	固有频率 Natural frequency/Hz	最大位移 Maximum displacement/mm	振型特点 Characteristics of vibration modes
1	11.213	7.152 1	机架后端出草支撑板弯曲The grass support plate at the back of the rack is bent
2	17.934	1.870 8	机架中间位置弯扭组合Combination of bending and twisting in the middle position of the rack
3	25.073	2.993 1	机架顶部后端弯曲The top and rear ends of the rack are bent
4	36.787	9.270 6	后端出草支撑板弯扭组合Back end grass support plate bending and twisting combination
5	52.231	8.038 1	机架中间侧板向内弯曲The middle side panel of the rack bends inward
6	60.466	3.755 5	机架前端两侧板弯扭组合
			Combination of bending and twisting of the two side plates at the front end of the rack

Structural design and experiment of picking and baling machine for wasted straw in field

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激振源 Excitation source	转速 Speed/(r·min^-1)	频率 Frequency/Hz	激振源 Excitation source	转速 Speed/(r·min^-1)	频率 Frequency/Hz
发动机Engine	2 400	40	变速箱输入轴Transmission input shaft	391.7	6.53
中间轴Intermediate shaft	1 354	22.57	活塞轴Piston shaft	96.5	1.61
前拨草滚筒Front grass roller	341.8	5.70	后拨草滚筒Rear grass roller	569.8	9.50
螺旋绞龙Auger screw	226	3.77	弹齿捡拾器Elastic tooth picker	141	2.35

试验指标 Experimental index	试验序号Experimental number				平均值 Average value
试验指标 Experimental index	1	2	3	4	平均值 Average value
试验时间Experimental time	上午Morning	下午Afternoon	上午Morning	下午Afternoon	—
气温Temperature/℃	18	23	17	24	—
秸秆含水率Moisture content of straw/%	38	35	37	34	36
行驶速度Driving speed/(km·h^-1)	3.6	3.8	4.1	4.3	3.95
总捆数/捆Total number of bundles	196	154	108	121	—
草捆质量Straw bundle quality/kg	15.62	16.24	16.63	15.59	16.02
草捆密度Straw bundle density/( kg·m^-3)	133.53	138.12	142.71	135.31	137.42
成捆率Bundling rate/%	98.97	99.35	99.07	98.35	98.94
规则成捆率Rule bundling rate/%	98.47	97.40	98.15	95.87	97.47
草捆抗摔率Straw bundle drop resistance rate/%	90	100	95	100	96.25
总损失率Total loss rate/%	3.5	3.1	2.4	2.8	2.95
纯工作小时生产率Pure hourly productivity/(t·h^-1)	0.87	0.83	0.89	0.74	0.832 5