Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

Contents

2024, 36(10): 0-0.

Abstract ( 212 )

PDF (4479KB) ( 463 )

Related Articles | Metrics

Genetic variation of complete genomes of porcine parvovirus types 1 through 7

HUA Tao, CHANG Chen, LI Qianwen, ZHANG Daohua, TANG Bo

2024, 36(10): 2193-2203. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231172

Abstract ( 328 )

HTML ( 1147715542 )

PDF (1777KB) ( 380 )

Porcine parvovirus type 1 (PPV1), commonly known as porcine parvovirus is the main pathogen of reproductive disorder of sows. From 2001 to 2016, six new types of porcine parvoviruses have been identified in pigs and designated consecutively as porcine parvovirus type 2 through 7 (PPV2-PPV7). In order to determine the infection status and genetic variation of PPV1-PPV7 in Jiangsu, China, two strains of PPV1, two strains of PPV2, and one strain of PPV3, PPV4, PPV5, PPV6 and PPV7 positive tissue samples were identified and collected by routine PCR assay of PPV1-PPV7 strains. These 9 complete genomes of PPV1-PPV7 were sequenced and compared with the reference strains of PPV1-PPV7 in GenBank. The genetic and evolutionary molecular characteristics of PPV1-PPV7 genomes and viral capsid protein 2 (VP2) were systematically analyzed by using bioinformatics analysis software. The result showed that the homology of complete genomes between PPV1-PPV7 sequencing strains and homotypic strains from GenBank was higher than 97%, while the homology between the genomes of different PPV types was less than 60.40%. The amino acid sequence of VP2 of PPV1-PPV7 sequencing strains was more than 97% homologous to the homotypic strains from GenBank, but the homology of VP2 of different porcine parvovirus types were significantly different. The homology of VP2 amino acid sequences between PPV4 and PPV5 was only 55%, and the homologies between other PPV1-PPV7 types were even lower, ranging from 9% to 17%. In addition, VP2 of two new PPV1 strains were analyzed for virulence. The analysis showed that two PPV1 epidemic strains had similar virulence sites with PPV1 high-virulence strain Kresse, and 5 unique mutations were found in the endemic strains, which might be high-virulence strains. This study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology of PPV1-PPV7 in Chinese pigs and the formulation of scientific control measures.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Genomic-wide identification and expression analysis of the PP2C gene family in sweet cherry

LIU Bohua, ZHANG Qingxia, QI Liang, WU Yuxia, WANG Yanxiu

2024, 36(10): 2204-2218. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240162

Abstract ( 239 )

HTML ( 3304 )

PDF (12175KB) ( 366 )

Protein phosphatase (protein phosphatase 2C, PP2C), as a key regulator of ABA signaling pathway, plays an important role in plant growth, hormone transduction and stress response. To identify and analyze the response of sweet cherry PP2C gene family to different abiotic stresses, the stress resistance function of this family members were explored in sweet cherry, in order to provide a theoretical basis for improving their stress resistance by genetic engineering technology. The whole genome file was downloaded from Rosaceae genome database (https://www. rosaceae.org/). Bioinformatics was used to study the physicochemical properties, genetic relationships, gene structure, chromosome localization and collinearity, promoter cis-elements, etc. Cherry Gisela No. 7 test-tube seedlings were used as materials,real-time fluorescence quantification PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the expression patterns. A total of 76 members of the sweet Cherry PP2C family were identified, whose protein sequence length ranged from 125 to 1 580 amino acids, theoretical isoelectric point (pI) ranged from 4.57 to 9.40, and 72% of the members were acidic proteins. Chromosomal localization showed that they were unevenly distributed on 8 chromosomes of sweet cherry, including 14 collinear gene pairs, which could be divided into 12 subfamilies. Subcellular localization prediction showed that the family members were mainly distributed in the nucleus. Additionally, Analysis of cis-acting elements displayed that the upstream 2 000 bp promoter region of 76 PaPP2C genes contained multiple elements, such as elements of hormone, light and environmental stress. The results of qRT-PCR analysis of 10 genes showed that PaPP2C23, PaPP2C47, PaPP2C48 and PaPP2C49 genes were significantly up-regulated under drought (PEG), salt (NaCl) and abscisic acid (ABA) stresses, which was speculated that the above genes could regulate drought and salt stress by relying on abscisic acid. Additionally, PaPP2C71, PaPP2C5, PaPP2C49, PaPP2C23, PaPP2C59,PaPP2C60 and PaPP2C74 were significantly down-regulated, indicating that they might play negative regulatory role in low temperature stress. Sweet cherry PP2C family members can play important role in biotic stresses such as drought, salt, low temperature, and abscisic acid.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cloning and functional analysis of JcERF22 gene from Jatropha curcas

TANG Yuehui, CHEN Shuying, HE Wenqiong, WANG Hanjin, BAO Xinxin, JIA Sainan, WANG Yaoyao, CHEN Yuyang, YANG Tongwen

2024, 36(10): 2219-2228. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231186

Abstract ( 132 )

HTML ( 2832 )

PDF (6737KB) ( 212 )

AP2/ERF transcription factors play an important role in growth, development and responding to abiotic stress processes of plant. The object of this study was to isolate a Jatropha curcas AP2/ERF gene JcERF22, to analyze its expression response to abiotic stress, and to identify its role in regulating abiotic stress in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, so as to provide the molecular basis for the cultivation of stress-tolerant varieties of J. curcas. In this study, the JcERF22 gene was cloned from J. curcas using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) technique. The sequence of JcERF22 gene was analyzed by bioinformatics. The expression pattern of JcERF22 gene under abiotic stress was analyzed using real time fluorogenic quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). JcERF22 overexpressing A. thaliana plants were constructed using the pollen dip method, and the phenotypes of the transgenic plants were analyzed under normal growth, phosphorus deficiency, and salt stress. The results showed that the coding sequence (CDS) length of JcERF22 gene was 1 074 bp, encoding 357 amino acids. Subcellular localization analysis showed that JcERF22 protein was located in the nucleus. The expression level of JcERF22 gene in the leaves of J. curcas was significantly decreased under phosphorus deficiency and salt stress. Under normal conditions, overexpression of JcERF22 gene did not affect the growth and development of A. thaliana, but increased the length and number of root hairs. Under phosphorus deficiency stress, the anthocyanin content in the leaves of JcERF22 overexpressing A. thaliana was significantly lower than that of wild type, and the expression levels of anthocyanin synthesis related genes (CHS, DFR, F3H, LDOX, FLS1, UF3GT) were also significantly lower than those of wild type. Under salt stress, the leaves of JcERF22 overexpressing A. thaliana were seriously albino, and the fresh weight was significantly lower than that of the wild type, and the expression levels of abiotic stress-related genes (AtHKT1;1, AtP5CS1 ) were significantly lower than those of wild type. In summary, the JcERF22 gene plays an important role in the response of J. curcas to phosphorus deficiency and salt stress.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Identification and biological characteristics of Hericium cirrhatum

PAN Changmang, WANG Yushan, HUANG Qiuyue, HE Jianqing, BASANG Wangmu, ZHANG Gejie

2024, 36(10): 2229-2237. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231283

Abstract ( 118 )

HTML ( 3113 )

PDF (2638KB) ( 323 )

To explore and utilize the resources of wild strains in Xizang, in this study, a wild strain (JX-1) from Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University was isolated, purified, and identified by morphology and molecular biology. Using this strain as the test strain, the optimal parent medium of this strain and the effects of different carbon sources, nitrogen sources, inorganic salts, growth factors, pH value and temperature on the mycelia growth of this strain were studied, and then 4 optimal factors were selected for orthogonal test. The results showed that strain JX-1 was Hericium cirrhatum, a new record species in Xizang, and the most suitable parent medium was PDA modified medium+peanut powder. The optimal carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt and growth factor for mycelium growth of this strain were soluble starch, yeast extract, FeSO₄ and lysine, respectively, the optimal pH value was 4, and the optimal culture temperature was 20 ℃. The orthogonal test results showed that the optimal ratio was soluble starch from carbon source and beef extract from nitrogen source, the initial pH value was 5, and the growth factor was lysine. The results can enrich the resources of macrofungi and provide useful reference for the excavation and utilization of macrofungi.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Determination of annual variation of yield and main nutrients of green asparagus

ZHANG Xujuan, ZHOU Liping, YU Kexin, CHAI Weiguo, PAN Nian, FU Xiaoxia, SHI Jianjun

2024, 36(10): 2238-2246. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231428

Abstract ( 133 )

HTML ( 2401 )

PDF (2629KB) ( 295 )

The annual variation in yield and nutritional quality of green asparagus under the cultivation mode in southern China was evaluated to provide the selection basis for asparagus farmers. Fresh spears of six cultivars were harvested in different months, to determine the growth rate, yield and main nutritional components (soluble sugar, V_C and total flavonoids) from their different parts. During the harvest season, the growth rate of JH152 was slightly faster than other cultivars, and its annual yield of 3 220.80 g per plant, commodity rate (92.67%) and high-quality (52.73%) rate were significantly higher, but the total flavonoids and vitamin C (V_C) contents in the upper segment of JH152 spears were low, which may be related to the shortest emergence time and the highest yield. Relatively, the annual yield of Grande was lower (2 294.51 g per plant), but its fresh spears retained better commercial and nutritional quality with 542.9 mg·kg^-1 total flavonoids and 596.8 mg·kg^-1 V_C. Total flavonoids, V_C and soluble sugar in spears exhibited marked seasonal variation, and their contents in different parts were significantly diverse (P<0.05), and the effects of harvest seasons and management methods on the main nutrients of green asparagus were greater than that of variety and yield. The study further elucidates the regularity of nutritional quality of green asparagus, and also provides the basis for breeding of green asparagus with high quality and yield.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Expression patterns and transcriptional autoactivation analysis of CaERF70 in chili pepper

ZHANG Yu, JIN Mingwei, REN Li, ZHANG Yiying, ZHAO Hong, LIU Kun, DENG Shan, CHU Yunxia, LI Shouguo, ZHANG Jingli, HUANG Jingyan, CHEN Hairong

2024, 36(10): 2247-2256. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231318

Abstract ( 133 )

HTML ( 2623 )

PDF (2490KB) ( 311 )

The AP2/ERF transcription factor family is widely involved in biological processes such as plant growth and development and stress response, so it is of great significance for the study of AP2/ERF transcription factors. In this study, we cloned a ERF gene, CaERF70 from salt-tolerant variety SHA2022119 of pepper, which contains 819 bp, encoding 272 amino acids, molecular weight of about 30.59 ku, and isoelectric point pI of 7.67. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the protein had a character with negatively charged, unstable, 34 potential phosphorylation sites, non-transmembrane and expressed in the nucleus. The phylogenetic tree results indicated that CaERF70 was clustered with the ERFs of tomato, tobacco and potato, suggesting that CaERF70 was very conserved in the evolution of Solanaceae. qRT-PCR showed that the expression of CaERF70 gene was induced by low temperature and suppressed by high temperature. Prokaryotic expression experiments showed that the size of the protein encoded by CaERF70 was about 30 ku consistent with the predicted size. Transcriptional activation activity analysis showed that CaERF70 had transcriptional activation activity. Taken together, the above results indicated that CaERF70 was an AP2/ERF2 transcription factor, belonging to the ERF Ⅶ group, with transcriptional activating activity, and the expression of CaERF70 was significantly changed due to high or low temperature stress, suggesting that CaERF70 was involved in the response of pepper to high or low temperature stress.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Determination of antifungal spectrum and evaluation of antifungal activity of Trichoderma viride B3 strain

MA Lijun, WU Nana, XU Bingliang, LIU Jia, ZHANG Shuwu

2024, 36(10): 2257-2263. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231115

Abstract ( 153 )

HTML ( 1955 )

PDF (7904KB) ( 227 )

In order to explore the antifungal spectrum and antifungal activity of Trichoderma viride B3 strain, the confrontation culture and microscopic observation were used to determine and clarify the antifungal spectrum and mechanism of T. viride B3 strain. The results showed that T. viride B3 strain had antagonistic effects against 8 plant pathogenic fungi. It had the strongest inhibition effect on the colony growth of Monilia spp. and Botrytis cinerea among the 8 plant pathogenic fungi, with the growth inhibition rates of 90.8% and 88.9%, respectively, and the antagonistic level went to Grade I; while it had the weakest inhibition effect on the growth of Alternaria mali, with the inhibition rate of 48.2% and the antagonistic level went to Grade Ⅲ. The observation of confrontation culture showed that, when T. viride B3 strain and Monilia spp. contacted with each other, T. viride B3 strain quickly occupied the nutritional growth space of the pathogenic fungi, the contact between colonies and pathogen colonies made pathogen hyphae entangled, expanded, contracted and dissolved. In conclusion, T. viride B3 strain had antagonistic effect against Monilia sp. and B. cinerea.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Control effect of aerobic composting with avermectin loaded by cyanobacteria on strawberry red spiders

YAN Zhongli, LI Yonghui, LI Yucheng, LI Wei, ZHANG Xuesheng, HONG Yong, GE Li’ao

2024, 36(10): 2264-2272. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230914

Abstract ( 131 )

HTML ( 2066 )

PDF (1133KB) ( 228 )

In order to solve the shortcomings of avermectin, such as short efficacy time, cyanobacteria and vinasse were selected as the slow-release carrier and co-solvent of avermectin for composting with the agricultural waste sheep manure and rice husk (6∶1) to explore its control effect on strawberry red spiders. Four organic fertilizer formulas were set up: avermectin aqueous solution (A), cyanobacteria-avermectin complex (B), vinasse-avermectin complex(C), and cyanobacteria-vinasse-avermectin complex(D), which were added to the composting of sheep manure and rice husk on the 10th, 30th and 50th days (denoted as 1, 2, 3, respectively), respectively. After maturity, the 12 groups of composting products were used for strawberry planting, and the actual control effect of each group against red spiders was evaluated, as well as the safety of avermectin and microcystin residues in the substrate and strawberry. The results showed that the control effect of formulas B and D was significantly (P<0.05) superior to that of formulas A and C without addition of cyanobacteria. Compared with the other treatments, treatment D3 exhibited the highest control effect of 79.09% and 71.07% on April 7th and 14th, 2023, respectively. Under the experiment conditions, the risk of avermectin and microcystin residues in the substrate and strawberry was low. In conclusion, it was feasible and safe to improve the control effect of avermectin against strawberry red spiders by aerobic composting with cyanobacteria.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of different insecticides on sucking behavior of Empoasca onukii Matsuda

QIAO Li, YOU Weichen, WANG Guojun, ZHI Yanan, ZHOU Zhou, GENG Shubao

2024, 36(10): 2273-2282. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231290

Abstract ( 130 )

HTML ( 1905 )

PDF (1527KB) ( 240 )

Empoasca onukii Matsuda is one of the main pests in tea garden. In order to screen out the insecticides with less dosage and better effect for comprehensive control of E.onukii, in this study, 6 single and 6 mixed agents were selected, each single agent was set with 5 concentration gradients, and each mixed agent’s configuration ratio was set with 3 treatment concentrations, and electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique was used to analyze the sucking behavior of E. onukii. The results showed that the order of effect of single agent was as follows: sulfoxaflor 22% SC>afidopyropen 50 g·L^-1 DC>imidacloprid 70% WG>flonicamid 10% WG>lambda-cyhalothrin 25 g·L^-1 EC>thiamethoxam 30% SC. The effects of different proportions of the mixture were different, and the mixture of thiamethoxam 30% SC+afidopyropen 50 g·L^-1 DC had a greater effect on the feeding waveform of E. onukii, the mixture of thiamethoxam 30% SC+imidacloprid 70% WG had little effect on the feeding waveform of E. onukii. The sucking times, the total duration of sucking and E wave duration in mixture treatment were all lower than that of every single agent treatment. The results showed that the influence of mixed agents on sucking behaviors was better than single agent, and it could be used for controlling E. onukii in tea garden.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Identification of Lycium barbarum root rot disease pathogens and biocontrol funguses against root rot disease

JI Songyan, SHAO Changqi, QI Wenkang, HE Yuhui, ZHANG Xin, WANG Cuiping

2024, 36(10): 2283-2297. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231082

Abstract ( 301 )

HTML ( 1547 )

PDF (11696KB) ( 432 )

Root rot disease of Lycium barbarum is a common soil-borne disease that occurs in L. barbarum cultivation areas. It is caused by a complex infection of multiple pathogenic fungi and is currently primarily controlled through chemical means. The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility of rapid screening of highly effective, broad-spectrum and practical biocontrol fungi with disease prevention and growth promotion effects, and identify the main pathogenic bacteria of L. barbarum root rot in Ningxia region and screen excellent antagonistic strains. Using the diseased root of Ningqi No.1 L. barbarum and the rhizosphere soil as materials, pathogenic funguses and rhizosphere microorganisms were isolated and purified using tissue separation method; the inhibitory effect of rhizosphere microorganisms on isolated pathogenic funguses was determined using the confrontation method; the antagonistic fungi was identified based on colony culture, morphological characteristics, and rDNA-ITS sequence. The results showed that the main strains isolated from the diseased root tissues of L. barbarum were Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium dimrum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium petroliphilum, and Mortierella alpina, with frequencies of 29.5%, 16.8%, 13.7%, 8.9%, 8.9%, and 7.4%, respectively. Aspergillus terreus and Trichoderma longibrachiatum have obvious inhibition effect on the main pathogenic funguses, with the inhibition rate of more than 37%, which can effectively adjust the microbial flora of the root zone of L. barbarum and promote the restoration and balance of soil micro-ecology.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Influence of phosphogypsum on composting process and quality of wine residue

GUO Yongchuan, MA Yongjie, WANG Xingming, LIN Yuhong, LUO Yanxin, WANG Xinyi, ZHANG Xueyan

2024, 36(10): 2298-2307. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230941

Abstract ( 111 )

HTML ( 1558 )

PDF (1220KB) ( 249 )

In order to explore a new way of solid waste recycling of wine residue and phosphogypsum, wine residue and corn straw were used as the substrates for composting, and different mass fractions (based on the dry weight of organic substrates) of phosphogypsum were added as the treatments, namely, 0 (G₀), 15%(G₁₅), 30% (G₃₀), 50% (G₅₀), 75% (G₇₅), and 100% (G₁₀₀), to explore the effect of phosphogypsum addition on fcomposting process and quality. The results showed that, compared with the G₀ treatment, the addition of phosphogypsum shortened the high temperature period by 4-5 d and increased the highest temperature during composting by 1.8-6.6 ℃. During the composting process, the largest decrease of the carbon/nitrogen ratio was found under the G₁₅ and G₃₀ treatments. After the composting, the bulk density, porosity, total nutrients content, heavy metal content, seed germination index of the G₁₅ and G₃₀ treatments all fitted the corresponding criteria. The composting products of all treatments were used as the substrate for cucumber cultivation. By principle component analysis, it was revealed that the highest comprehensive score was achieved under the G₃₀ treatment, which was followed by the G₁₅ treatment, while the comprehensive score of G₅₀, G₇₅, G₁₀₀ treatments was negative. In general, adding 30% phosphogypsum into wine residue and corn straw composting showed the best performance when used as the matrix, while excessive addition of phosphogypsum would cause negative effect.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Parameters optimization for vermicomposting of cow dung and changes of properties of composting residues

WU Yuke, WANG Feng, WANG Yifan, WU Xueping, ZHU Weiqin

2024, 36(10): 2308-2315. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230803

Abstract ( 140 )

HTML ( 1478 )

PDF (721KB) ( 318 )

Vermicomposting is one of the ways to utilize livestock and poultry manure resources. In this study, cow dung was used as the main material, supplemented with different additives in the vermicompost reactor. The suitable parameters were optimized for the production of vermicompost by using the L₁₆ (4⁴+3²) orthogonal design, and further study was conducted to reveal the changes of physicochemical properties and adsorption properties on Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ of the composting residues. The results showed that both rice bran and the effective microorganisms (EM) bacterial agent could promote the growth and reproduction of earthworms, and improve the physicochemical properties of the derived composting residues. It was feasible to add biochar, struvite and shell powder into the cow dung vermicompost reactor. The best adsorption effect for Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ was found in the derived composting residues from cow dung vermicompost reactor with struvite addition, and their adsorption rates reached up to 96.50% and 49.95%, respectively. The optimized parameters for the cow dung vermicomposting were as follows: the mixture of cow dung, rice bran and EM bacterial agent at the mass ratio of 7∶3∶1 was used as the main material, supplemented with 4% (mass fraction) struvite or biochar, with the moisture content of 70%-80%, inoculated with 12 earthworms based on 150 g dry substrate, and vermicomposted for 40 days. The present study could provide scientific basis for the utilization of livestock and poultry manure, and the prevention of the migration of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ in the soil.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Stress response and tolerance of Chlorella vulgaris to tylosin

NIE Hongli, CHENG Qilu, SUN Wanchun, MA Jinchuan, LIN Hui, MA Junwei

2024, 36(10): 2316-2327. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231269

Abstract ( 145 )

HTML ( 1326 )

PDF (4692KB) ( 257 )

Antibiotics are typical emerging pollutants with high ecological risk to aquatic organisms. As the primary producers of natural water, microalgae are highly susceptible to environmental changes, especially exposure to pollutants. However, the studies on the response of microalgae to tylosin (TYN) stress are still limited. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris, a model algae species, was selected as the experimental material to investigate the stress tolerance of microalgae exposed to TYN from the aspects of microalgal growth, physiology, metabolism, and gene expression. The results showed that TYN had a typical hormesis effect on the growth of C. vulgaris. Microalgal growth was promoted by low concentration of TYN (≤ 0.5 mg·L^-1), with the increase of TYN exposure concentration, its inhibitory effect on the growth of C.vulgaris was more obvious, and it led to different degrees of oxidative damage such as cell morphological changes, plasmolysis, and thylakoid degradation. Transcriptome sequencing showed that the expression levels of genes related to photosynthesis, ribosome biosynthesis, and antioxidant in C. vulgaris were significantly down-regulated after 8 days of high-concentration TYN treatment, further indicating that high-concentration TYN had an inhibitory effect on C. vulgaris cells. It was worth noting that C. vulgaris could improve the binding level of TYN to functional groups such as —OH, —COOH and —NH in extracellular polymeric substance by increasing the content of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins, so as to cope with the stress effect of high concentration TYN on cells. This study systematically revealed the stress responses and tolerance of C. vulgaris to TYN, and the relevant results provided a reference for the ecological risk assessment of antibiotics in water.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Extraction process and lipid reducing effect of artichoke polyphenols

TAN Quanqin, TAO Wenyang, ZHOU Wanyi, XING Jianrong, YANG Ying, SUN Quan

2024, 36(10): 2328-2337. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230906

Abstract ( 118 )

HTML ( 1094 )

PDF (3506KB) ( 226 )

In order to advance the research and development of precision nutrition products and resource utilization, the extraction technology of polyphenols from artichoke was investigated, as well as the the assessment of its lipid reduction effect. The results revealed that the drying method significantly (P<0.05) impacted the extraction yield and antioxidant activity of polyphenols and flavonoids from inner bract, outer bract, and stems of artichoke, with freeze-drying demonstrating the most favorable outcome. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as 40% ethanol by volume fraction, an extraction temperature of 80 ℃, and a solid-liquid ratio of 1∶30. Under these experimental conditions, polyphenols extracted from the inner bracts exhibited potent in vitro lipase inhibitory activity as well as sodium cholate binding rate, achieving a lipase inhibitory rate of 37.6%, close to that of the positive control drug orlistat. Furthermore, in a high-fat mouse model, polyphenols extracted from the stem, inner bract, and outer bract of artichoke demonstrated lipid-reducing effects. Among them, those extracted from inner bracts showed superior efficacy in reducing fat cell volume and liver fat accumulation, as there was no significant differences observed in body weight gain or epididymal fat coefficient compared with the control group. In conclusion, the artichoke polyphenols could effectively reduce lipid with promising application potential.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Preparation and antioxidant activity of propolis oil extracts

PENG Zhengju, CHEN Di, ZHANG Cen, LU Wenjing, YU Hongying, GUO Huiyuan, JIANG Han, XIAO Chaogeng

2024, 36(10): 2338-2346. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231418

Abstract ( 119 )

HTML ( 1144 )

PDF (3142KB) ( 255 )

Propolis is a good medicinal and edible natural product, which have a wide range of biological activities. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of camellia oil extraction on the active components and antioxidant activity in propolis. Firstly, total flavonoids were used as the evaluation index, this study obtained the optimal process conditions for propolis extraction by one-way and response surface experiments. Then, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of the oil extracts including DPPH scavenging ability and ferric iron reduction ability. Finally, the mechanism of the antioxidant activity of galangin, a typical fat-soluble compound in propolis, was investigated using molecular docking was explored. The results showed that the optimal process was as follows: extraction temperature 41 ℃, liquid-solid ratio 16∶1 mL·g^-1, extraction time 31 h, at which the content of total flavonoids was 35.59 mg·g^-1. The IC₅₀ value of the oil extracts obtained under this process was 12.48 μg·mL^-1 for DPPH scavenging, and the total antioxidant capacity(FRAP) was 3.70 mmol·g^-1. In addition, the molecular docking results indicated that galangin, a typical fat-soluble component of propolis, was closely related to the antioxidant effect of propolis.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Investigation of pesticide residues and heavy metal contamination characteristics and dietary risk assessment of Myrica rubra in Wenzhou, China

LIANG Xiumei, ZHANG Weiyi, CHEN Guanju, XIA Haitao, GUO Xiuzhu, HE Ruyi, JIANG Jiaming, LIN Dingpeng

2024, 36(10): 2347-2357. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231394

Abstract ( 147 )

HTML ( 1231 )

PDF (1089KB) ( 345 )

In order to investigate the characteristics of pesticide residues and heavy metal pollutants of Myrica rubra in Wenzhou and the risk of dietary, the pollution characteristics and dietary risk of 71 pesticide residues such as carbendazim, pyrimethanil, acetamiprid and 9 heavy metal pollutants such as chromium, nickel, cuprum in Myrica rubra were studied. The results showed that in 121 samples of Myrica rubra, 84 were found to have pesticide residues and 3 were found to be substandard, the detection rate of pesticides in Myrica rubra samples was 69.42%, the qualified rate was 97.52%, and the detection rate of multiple residues was 48.76%. A total of 30 pesticides were detected, 26 pesticides were not registered in Myrica rubra or fruit production. In terms of dietary intake risk assessment of pesticides, based on the evaluation results of the pesticide residue food safety index (IFS), this study found IFS values and $I F S ¯$ values of detected pesticides were all less than one, indicating that dietary intake risk was at an acceptable level. Based on the evaluation results of the point evaluation method, this study found chronic dietary intake risk (%ADI) and acute dietary risk (%ARfD) of detected pesticides were all less than 100%, indicating that chronic and acute dietary intake risk was at an acceptable level. The qualified rate of heavy metal pollutants in Myrica rubra samples was 94.21%, while the unqualified samples were all cadmium exceeding the standard, and the median value of cadmium level was less than the average and the national limits for food contaminants. According to the IFS evaluation results, dietary intake risk of heavy metals is at an acceptable level. And according to the evaluation results of point assessment method, chronic dietary exposure risk of heavy metals is acceptable. These results suggest that, pesticide residues and heavy metal dietary intake of Myrica rubra in Wenzhou is acceptable.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research on navigation and mapping in pregnancy pig house based on laser-vision fusion technology

PAN Zibo, ZHOU Xin, XU Xing, LIU Kaige, JI Honghu, LU Fuzeng, YE Chunlin, ZHOU Weidong

2024, 36(10): 2358-2367. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231148

Abstract ( 117 )

HTML ( 3 )

PDF (5267KB) ( 265 )

Research has been conducted to address the problem of insufficient accuracy of the laser-based or vision-based navigation technologies in the complex facility environment of large-scale pig farms. In the present study, a new method was established by calibrating the intrinsic parameters of depth cameras, fusing data from laser radar and depth cameras for front-end odometry, and comprehensive optimization for back-end processing, loop closure detection, and mapping. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of constructing 2D grid maps and point cloud maps by using laser-vision fusion mapping technology for passages and corridors. The results demonstrated that the fused 2D grid map provided more information than the single laser radar mapping, and it also displayed an intuitive point cloud representation, which could effectively present the road and color information from the actual scene. The relative error ranges for the coornidates of the starting potint and the terminal point were 0.02%-0.33% and 0.48%-1.62%, respectively, which were lower than those of the three algorithms used for laser mapping, indicating good accuracy and mapping efficiency.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Structural design and experiment of picking and baling machine for wasted straw in field

WANG Haoyang, JING Tiantian, TANG Zhong, WANG Guoqiang, CHEN Shuren

2024, 36(10): 2368-2378. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231417

Abstract ( 168 )

HTML ( 2 )

PDF (4769KB) ( 234 )

A self-propelled straw picking and baling device has been designed to address the issues of low mechanization and high manual labor intensity in the harvesting of wasted straw in the fields of southern regions. It can complete integrated operation processes such as straw picking, feeding, conveying, and compression into bales, which can effectively promote the comprehensive use of straw resources. In this paper, the structural parameters of the key moving parts of the whole machine were calculated and designed, and the motion laws of different unit points of the compression device were obtained through simulation. Then the constrained mode simulation of the main frame was completed in ANSYS, and the relationship between natural frequency and multi-source excitation of the body was obtained. Finally, field harvesting experiments were conducted on the entire machine to comprehensively evaluate its operational performance. The results showed that the baling rate and regular baling rate were 98.94% and 97.47%, respectively. The average size of formed straw bales was 65 cm×50 cm×36 cm, with an average mass of 16.02 kg, the density of 137.42 kg·m^-3, the resistance rate of 96.25%, the total loss rate of 2.95%, and the pure working hour productivity of 0.832 5 t·h^-1. This study can provide reference for the development and subsequent optimization of the integrated machine for picking, transporting, and baling wasted straw in field.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

A study of farmers’ land transfer behavior based on asset specificity theory

YU Weiyong, ZHAO Fei, CHEN Yue

2024, 36(10): 2379-2390. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230562

Abstract ( 124 )

HTML ( 2 )

PDF (1200KB) ( 243 )

In order to clarify the impact of asset specificity on households’ land transfer willingness, behavior, and deviation between willingness and behavior, an empical test was carried out by constructing a Logistic model based on the field research data of 274 households in three towns of Puding County, Guizhou Province, China. It was shown that there was deviation between the willingness and behavior of households’ land transfer. The stronger the asset specificity, the weaker the willingness and behavior of land transfer. For the human capital specificity, the planting years had significantly positive influence on the willingness of land transfer, while the number of trainings participated per year, the agricultural production management capacity had significantly negative influence; the planting years and the percentage of labor in agriculture exhibited signifiantly positive and negative effects on the behavior of land transfer, respectively. In terms of land asset specificity, the irrigatino conditions and the average size of plots had significantly negative effects on the willingness of land transfer, yet the soil fertility and the irrigation conditions showed significanlty negative and positive influence on the behavior of land transfer, respectively. The value of agricultural machinery, which was used to represent the physical asset specificity, significanlty negatively affected the willingness and behavior of land transfer. For the geographic location asset specificity, the transport conditions and the distance from village to county towns had significantly negative and positive influence on the willingess of land transfer, respectively, while the distance from village to county towns had significantly negative effect on the behavior of land transfer. The overall impact of asset specificity on the deviation of farmers’ land transfer willingness and behavior was large. In order to strengthen the positive role of asset specificity on the land transfer, the following countermeasures were proposed: 1) revitalize human capital specificity through multiple channels; 2) give full play to the advantages of land resource endowment; 3) enhance the capacity of modern agricultural socialization services; 4) optimize the transportation conditions to improve the famers’ ability to obtain information; 5) improve the supporting policies for land transfer.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress on physiological and molecular responses of plant roots under abiotic stress

ZHANG Siyi, CUI Bowen, WANG Jialing, LIN Jixiang, YANG Qingjie

2024, 36(10): 2391-2401. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231241

Abstract ( 355 )

HTML ( 25 )

PDF (1664KB) ( 430 )

Drought, flooding, salinity, high temperature and other abiotic stresses are important environmental factors that affect plant growth and development. As the first organ to perceive adversity under stress, roots play an important role in responding to stress damage. At present, most of the research on plant response to abiotic stress focuses on aboveground organs such as leaves, and the research on root resistance is not deep. Based on this, this paper systematically summarized the response of plant roots to environmental stresses such as drought, flooding, salinity and alkalinity from two perspectives: physiology and molecular biology. The main contents include osmotic adjustment, antioxidant defense system, endogenous hormones and other physiological changes, as well as selective expression of related stress-resistant genes. It elucidated that on one hand, roots could produce a series of oxidative regulation through signal perception to reduce the physiological damage caused by stress, on the other hand, they could promote the selective expression of downstream genes to produce corresponding metabolites to alleviate stress. In order to enrich the resources of plant root resistance and select resistant varieties, future research can focus on plants with ornamental value and ecological benefits, and strengthen the study of plant root response under compound stress and temperature stress. Genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and other methods can be used to further explore the molecular response of plant roots under environmental stress.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress on the structure and assembly of plant supramolecular cellulose synthase complexes

REN Shitan, ZHENG Lin, JIANG Tingbo, ZHOU Boru, WANG Hongzhi

2024, 36(10): 2402-2415. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231227

Abstract ( 211 )

HTML ( 11 )

PDF (10609KB) ( 276 )

Cellulose is the main component of plant cell wall and the most abundant renewable resource in nature. Plant cellulose is composed of β-1,4-glucan chains, and its synthesis is catalyzed by the cellulose synthase complex (CSC) located on the plasma membrane. In this paper, the latest research findings on the structure and assembly of plant CSC were analyzed from the perspectives of biochemistry, genetics and evolution, these included examining the protein structure characteristics and biological functions of cellulose synthase (CesA) subunits, the mechanism by which CesAs assembly into CSC rosettes core complex, and the relationship between CSC structure and cellulose properties. The roles of auxiliary proteins such as cytoskeleton and post-translational modification of proteins in the assembly of supramolecular CSC and the regulation of cellulose synthesis was further explored. This paper prospected the use of single base editing technology to mutate key amino acid sites in domains such as plant-conserved region (PCR), N-terminal domain (NTD) or transmembrane domain (TM). By regulating the stability and function of CSC, it is expected to cultivate new plants with increased biomass, enhanced stress resistance and suitable for specific industrial applications, which provides a novel strategy for genetic improvement of plant cellulose genetic engineering.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Research progress on resistance of pepper to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)

GUO Nana, LI Wei, HUANG Lijuan, ZHANG Tao, WEI Bingqiang

2024, 36(10): 2416-2425. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231156

Abstract ( 156 )

HTML ( 5 )

PDF (923KB) ( 319 )

Tospovirus, the only genus of viruses within the Bunyaviridae family that can invade plants, poses a significant challenge to global agriculture. Its primary member, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), is particularly detrimental to the pepper industry. TSWV, a negative single-stranded RNA virus, is primarily transmitted through the persistent proliferation of thrips. Peppers frequently exhibit a range of complex symptoms, including leaf shedding, yellowing of new leaves, and necrosis at the growth point when infected with TSWV. In recent years, as bioinformatics research has advanced and the whole-genome sequencing of pepper has been completed, researchers have made significant progress in understanding the pathogenesis of TSWV and the mechanisms of resistance to TSWV in pepper plants. In terms of TSWV detection, PCR and RT-PCR technologies have been widely used for the precise detection of TSWV, especially the specific primers designed for the nuclear capsid protein gene (N-gene), which have significantly improved the detection efficiency and accuracy. Concurrently, molecular markers associated with resistance have been extensively applied for detecting and characterizing germplasm resources resistant to TSWV. The most effective strategy for preventing and controlling TSWV is to develop disease-resistant varieties. New varieties of resistant to TSWV in pepper such as ‘Zhongjiao 115’ have been successfully cultivated via extensive screening of resistant germplasm resources at home and abroad, combined with molecular marker technology. In addition, the virus can effectively evade the plant defense system through immune evasion strategies, such as antigenic structural mutations or host immunosuppression, thereby increasing the challenge of prevention and control. So, future research needs to focus on the in-depth mining of resistance genetic resources, improvement of breeding technology system and discovery of novel resistance genes, in order to breed pepper varieties with broader and more durable resistance.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

The role of farmland weeds in pest control

PI Yimeng, LU Yanhui, LYU Zhongxian, XU Yipeng, XU Hongxing

2024, 36(10): 2426-2436. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231343

Abstract ( 152 )

HTML ( 3 )

PDF (1132KB) ( 273 )

Weeds, pests and natural enemies are important biological components in the agricultural ecosystem. At present, the prevention and control of farmland weeds mainly depend on chemical herbicides. However, the long-term unreasonable use of herbicides has seriously affected the ecological balance among farmland weeds, pests and natural enemies. In recent years, the concept of protecting the diversity of farmland weeds and making them play an important role in maintaining the ecological balance of farmland has attracted wide attention. This paper reviewed the research and application technologies of farmland weeds and herbicides on the occurrence of pests and natural enemies on the common weeds in farmland and the use of herbicides, the relationship between weeds, pests and natural enemies, the effects of herbicides on pests and natural enemies, and application of farmland weeds in biological control. This paper aims to use the ecological function of farmland weeds more safely and reasonably, and provide habitat for the protection and utilization of natural enemies and new ideas for the green control of farmland pests.

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Archive