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    2024, 36(11):  0-0. 
    Abstract ( 70 )   PDF (62243KB) ( 267 )  
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    Crop Science
    Proteomic analysis of grain of high-quality wheat variety Wenmai 10
    LIU Yongan, HUANG Yechang, YUE Gaohong, GAO Xiteng, DENG Lizhang, PAN Binrong
    2024, 36(11):  2437-2446.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240036
    Abstract ( 173 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (2287KB) ( 298 )  

    In order to explore the reasons why Wenmai 10 became a high-quality wheat variety of hand-made dry noddles, Wenmai 10 and Yangmai 20 (control) were used as materials and Label-free quantitative proteomics (label-free) technology combined with bioinformatics analysis was used to identify and perform functional analysis of different-expressed proteins. The results showed that a total of 78 differentially expressed proteins were identified between the two wheat varieties, of which 40 proteins were up-regulated and 38 proteins were down-regulated in Wenmai 10. At the same time, 207 proteins presence/absence differential expression were also identified, of which 107 proteins were only expressed in Wenmai 10 and 100 proteins were only expressed in Yangmai 20. The functional analysis of different-expressed proteins showed that high (low) molecular weight glutenin subunits, gliadin and avenin-like proteins might be important factors affecting the quality of Wenmai 10 and Yangmai 20.

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    Effects of branch fertilizer and functional fertilizer on growth and yield of hybrid rice
    LIAO Xuehuan, ZHANG Keyuan, AER Lise, ZHOU Lin, YANG Erluo, DENG Jun, ZHANG Rongping
    2024, 36(11):  2447-2455.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231125
    Abstract ( 142 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF (878KB) ( 324 )  

    To investigate the effects of branch fertilizer and functional fertilizer on the growth, development and yield of hybrid rice, the split-split plot design was used in the experiment. The main plots were common compound fertilizer (F1) and branch fertilizer (F2). The split area was divided as spraying water (P1) and spraying plant growth regulator (functional fertilizer) (P2). The re-splitting area was 6 hybrid rice varieties. The results showed that the co-application of branch fertilizer and functional fertilizer could effectively promote the early growth and tillering and increase the leaf area index. Among the 6 varieties, Longliangyou1813 exhibited the highest yield (12 512.04 kg·hm-2) under the F2P2 treatment. For all the 6 varieties, the highest yield was all found under the F2P2 treatment, which was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that under the F1P1 treatment by 30.02%-70.48%. In general, the co-application of branch fertilizer and functional fertilizer enhanced the rice yiled by increasing the effective panicle number, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight.

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    Animal Science
    Study on correlation of polymorphism of A-FABP gene exon 2 with growth performance and meat quality in Muscovy duck
    DONG Biao, JI Rongchao, ZHANG Gansheng, WANG Jian
    2024, 36(11):  2456-2464.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231237
    Abstract ( 118 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (874KB) ( 341 )  

    The study was to investigate the distribution of single nucleotide in the A-FABP gene exon 2 in black Muscovy duck, and the correlation between these single nucleotide and performance. The polymorphism of exon 2 of A-FABP gene was detected by PCR-SSCP technique in black Muscovy duck. The genetic parameters of this population and the polymorphism with growth performance and meat quality were analyzed, so as to provide reference for molecular marker-assisted selection. The result indicated that there was A-C mutation in exon 2 of A-FABP gene about black Muscovy duck, which was synonymous mutation. Three genotypes, AA, AB and BB, were formed with genotype frequencies of 0.098 8, 0.401 2 and 0.500 0, A and B allele frequencies of 0.299 4 and 0.700 6, respectively. The homozygosity, heterozygosity and polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.580 5, 0.419 5 and 0.331 5, respectively. The birth weight of AA male duck was significantly higher than that of AB and BB male duck. The abdominal fat weight of AA male duck was significantly higher than that of AB and BB, and the stomachus muscularis weight of AA male duck was significantly higher than that of BB. The percentage of half-eviscerated yield of AB and BB was significantly higher than that of AA, the abdominal fat weight of AA was significantly higher than that of BB, and the percentage of abdominal fat of AA was significantly higher than that of AB and BB in female duck. The pH value in breast muscle of AA male duck was significantly higher than that of AB and BB. The content of inosinic acid in breast muscle of AA and AB males was significantly higher than that of BB males, and the content of Asp in AB males was significantly higher than that of AA males. The content of Glu in breast muscle of BB female duck was significantly higher than that of AA type. The content of Glu and Gly in leg muscle of AA male duck was significantly higher than that of AB and BB. The content of Gly in leg muscle of AA female ducks was significantly higher than that of AB and BB, and the content of Thr and Val in leg muscle of AA female ducks was significantly higher than that of BB. Therefore, A-C mutation in exon 2 of A-FABP gene can be used to assist the selection of abdominal fat weight and partial amino acid content in muscle of black Muscovy duck.

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    Study on structural characteristics of intestinal microflora and expression changes of intestinal inflammatory factors, adenylate and guanylate cyclase mRNA in diarrheal piglets
    WU Xingfeng, ZHANG Xiaojun, ZHU Jiang, YU Minjie, XU E, MA Lingyan, XIAO Yingping
    2024, 36(11):  2465-2475.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231249
    Abstract ( 203 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (3440KB) ( 406 )  

    In the present study, the same batch of 21-day-old piglets were selected. Fecal samples of 55 healthy piglets and 37 diarrhea piglets were collected after 3 days of weaning. The content of short-chain fatty acids was determined, and the microbial community structure was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Six diarrheal and healthy piglets were selected and slaughtered to collect colonic mucosa samples to detect the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors, adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase. It was shown that the Shannon index and Chao1 index of microbial community in diarrheal weaned piglets were significantly (P<0.05) decreased compared with those in the healthy group. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes in the microbial community of diarrhea weaned piglets was significantly increased, yet the relative abundance of Bacteroidota was significantly decreased compared with those of the healthy pigles. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, Lactobacillus and Alloprevotella was significantly increased, yet the relative abundance of Ruminococcus, Ruminococcaceae_uncultured, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, UCG-010_norank and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 was significantly decreased than those of the healthy piglets. The prediction of microbial function showed that the relative abundance of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, and D-alanine metabolism pathways in the microbial community of diarrheal piglets was significantly increased compared with the healthy group, while the relative abundance of bacterial chemotaxis and valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis pathways was significantly reduced. The contents of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in the intestine of diarrhea piglets were significantly lowered than those in the healthy piglets. The relative abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcaceae_uncultured and UCG-010_norank flora was significantly positively correlated with the content of acetic acid, and the relative abundance of Roseburia, Agathobacter and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 was significantly positively correlated with the content of butyric acid. The mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the intestine of diarrhea piglets were significantly increased compared with those in the healthy piglets, while the mRNA level of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10 (IL-10) was significantly decreased, yet the mRNA level of adenylate cyclase was significantly increased. In conclusion, there were significant differences in the structure and function of intestinal microflora between weaned healthy piglets and diarrheal piglets. After weaning, the increase of relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria, the decrease of relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, the decrease of short-chain fatty acid content in the intestinal tract of piglets, and the increase of pro-inflammatory factors and adenylate cyclase mRNA levels led to diarrhea in piglets.

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    Study on individual fecundity of plain pond cultured Opsariichthys bidens in Zhejiang Province, China
    GE Jianhui, SHEN Xiaoming, GUAN Wenzhi, GUAN Xinshuai, LOU Bao, XU Xiaojun
    2024, 36(11):  2476-2481.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231212
    Abstract ( 129 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (893KB) ( 294 )  

    The individual fecundity of Opsariichthys bidens was studied based on 60 one-year old and two-year old female individuals according to artificial breeding standards with ovaries at Ⅳ stage from Deqing Haoyuan Fish Farm during April and May in 2021. The results showed that the relationship between body weight and full length in plain pond cultured O. bidens could be described with the function of W=0.006 1L3.209 2. The absolute fecundity for one-year old female individuals ranged from 749.33 to 6 070.20 eggs (average 3 209.74 eggs). The relative fecundity in body weight for one-year old female individuals ranged from 49.62 to 244.67 eggs·g-1 (average 142.03 eggs·g-1), respectively. The absolute fecundity for two-year old female individuals ranged from 2 178.13 to 7 530.60 eggs (average 4 400.17 eggs). The relative fecundity in body weight for two-year old female individuals ranged from 42.75 to 148.83 eggs·g-1 (average 90.68 eggs·g-1), respectively. The relative fecundity in body weight for one-year old female individuals was found to be extremely significantly higher than two-year old female individuals (P<0.01). This study indicated that one-year old female individuals have higher reproductive performance than two-year old female individuals.

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    Horticultural Science
    Sensory evaluation and analysis for edible quality of fresh faba bean resources based on quantitative description method
    WANG Linlin, ZHONG Yangmin, LI Hanmei, MA Ruifang, LIU Na, LIU Tingfu
    2024, 36(11):  2482-2489.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240008
    Abstract ( 111 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (1163KB) ( 347 )  

    In this study, 22 fresh faba bean germplasm resources were used to evaluate and analyze the edible quality traits of different varieties by quantitative description analysis. A vocabulary for quantitative description of the sensory characteristics of fresh faba beans was established. Multivariate statistical analysis methods such as principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and analysis of variance were used to explore the correlation and differences within these sensory traits. Key traits affecting sensory quality and the scoring criteria of the taste sensation were preliminarily determined. The results showed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences in sweetness, hardness, and waxiness among the 22 fresh faba bean germplasm resources. The overall evaluation of fresh faba beans was significantly (P<0.01) positively correlated with sweetness and umami, and the correlation coefficients were 0.92 and 0.91, respectively. Sweetness, umami, hardness, and waxiness were selected as the key traits for the sensory evaluation of fresh faba beans. The varieties with the best sensory quality (Y019, HN002) and the worst sensory quality (GB37, Qilichangxiang) were selected to grade the sensory quality of the taste. The scoring criteria for good taste were as follows: sweetness≥8.0, umami ≥6.5, soft texture(hardness ≤2.5, waxiness ≥7.5) or tender and crisp texture(4.5≤ hardness ≤7.0, waxiness ≤2.0). The poor palatability was scored as follows: sweetness ≤4.5, umami≤3.5, hard texture (hardness ≥7.0, waxiness ≤2.0), or loose texture (hardness ≤4.5, waxiness ≤2.0). The experimental results provided theoretical basis for the in-depth study of the sensory quality in fresh faba beans, and technical support for the selection and breeding of high-quality fresh faba beans.

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    Selection of delicious and spicy chili pepper varieties and correlation analysis
    WANG Xueyan, XIE Lifen, ZHANG Ting, FANG Pingping, WEI Jing, LI Chaosen, LIU Huiqin, XIANG Xiaomin, ZHAO Dongfeng, GUO Qinwei
    2024, 36(11):  2490-2500.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240033
    Abstract ( 156 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (835KB) ( 324 )  

    To meet the growing consumption demand and provide a basis for variety utilization, we select chili varieties with delicious and spicy taste. Fifty-six materials were used in the test, the common agronomic traits, capsaicinoids content, and delicious amino acid content were statistically analyzed. The results showed that comprehensive analysis of agronomic traits revealed a large coefficient of variation in plant height, fruit weight, showing various color and diverse fruit shapes. The determination of capsaicin content found that there were significant differences in the capsaicinoids content among different chili pepper varieties. According to the SHU index, the pungency degree can be classified into 1-6 levels, with 20 extremely spicy varieties, including Yulongjiao and Qujiao No.1 which with ice-cream color. Analysis of delicious amino acids showed that there were 12 varieties with delicious amino acids higher than 0.3 mg·g-1, the correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant correlation between delicious amino acids and aspartic acid, lysine, and glutamic acid, and had the highest correlation with aspartic acid. The linear regression equation between delicious amino acids and aspartic acid was described as Y=0.061+1.1X. Correlation analysis was conducted between agronomic traits, total capsaicin content, and delicious amino acid content. There was a negatively significant correlation (P<0.01) between fruit length, capsaicinioids content, and delicious amino acid content. There was a positively significant correlation (P<0.01) between capsaicinioids content and delicious amino acid content.

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    Cloning of AcWRKY94 gene from kiwifruit and its functional analysis under salt stress
    GAO Jing, LU Linghong, GU Xianbin, FAN Fei, SONG Genhua, ZHANG Huiqin
    2024, 36(11):  2501-2509.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240485
    Abstract ( 138 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (3146KB) ( 282 )  

    In order to clarify the function of AcWRKY94 under salt stress, the WRKY transcription factor AcWRKY94 was cloned from ‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit. Bioinformatics analysis of AcWRKY94 was carried out using relevant websites and biological software. The expression of AcWRKY94 under salt treatment was analyzed. AcWRKY94 was overexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana by Agrobacterium-mediated transgenic technology, and the salt tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants were analyzed. The results showed that the open reading frame of the AcWRKY94 was 906 bp and encoded 301 amino acids. Promoter sequence analysis revealed that AcWRKY94 might respond to a variety of signals such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, gibberellin, drought, and anaerobic. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the homologous sequences of AcWRKY94 and several species contain a WRKYGQK conserved domain and a C2HC zinc finger structure, which belong to WRKY Group III. Among them, the kiwifruit AcWRKY94 was closely related to the CsWRKY70-like proteins of tea plant. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the expression of AcWRKY94 in roots of kiwifruit was significantly induced by salt treatment. After salt treatment, compared with wild type tobacco, the resistance of AcWRKY94-overexpressed line to salt was significantly enhanced, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 decreased significantly, the content of proline (Pro) increased significantly, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) increased significantly. The above results suggested that AcWRKY94 could be induced by salt stress and might be involved in the regulation of salt resistance in kiwifruit.

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    Changes of organic acid content in Taoxi pomelo fruits during the storage period and citric acid related gene expression analysis
    ZHAO Lingji, LIAO Xiangjiao, LIU Dechun, HU Wei, KUANG Liuqing, SONG Jie, YI Mingliang, LIU Yong, YANG Li
    2024, 36(11):  2510-2520.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231338
    Abstract ( 115 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1294KB) ( 256 )  

    This study mainly clarified the variation rule of organic acids in the fruit of Taoxi pomelo which is a local characteristic variety in Jiangxi Province during the room temperature storage period, the causes of organic acid changes in Taoxi pomelo during storage were discussed. The study took the fruits of Taoxi pomelo during the storage period as materials, and applied high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine the components and contents of organic acids in the fruits stored from 0 d to 150 d after picking, and analyzed the changes in the expression of citric acid synthesis, degradation and transport-related genes by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that it was found that the total organic acid content of Taoxi pomelo fruits was higher than that of storage 0 d during most of the storage period, while the sugar-acid ratio was lower than that of storage 0 d during the whole storage period, and there existed the phenomenon of fruit “returning to acidity”, which may be the main reason for the decline in the quality of Taoxi pomelo fruits in post-harvest storage. The citric acid content of Taoxi pomelo accounted for 78.51%-80.32% of the total organic acid content, and the trends of both changes were consistent. The citric acid content fluctuated greatly at the beginning of storage, reached the maximum value at 40 d after storage. The qRT-PCR analysis of genes related to citric acid synthesis (CmCS, CmPEPC), degradation (CmACL, CmAco3, CmNAD-IDH, CmGS, CmGAD, and CmGABA), and transport (CmCHX, CmDIC, CmVHA, and CmVHP) revealed that the citric acid synthesis genes PEPC1/2 and CS1, the vesicular H+-ATPase proton pump gene CmVHA-c4 and the vesicular H+-pyrophosphatase proton pump gene CmVHP2 showed broadly similar trends with citric acid accumulation, whereas the citric acid degrading gene GAD5 and the cation/H+ exchanging gene CmCHX showed opposite trends with citric acid accumulation, which might be related to the accumulation of citric acid during the early stage of Taoxi pomelo storage. Therefore, the increase in organic acid content and the decrease in sugar-acid ratio during storage of Taoxi pomelo caused the phenomenon of fruit “returning to acidity”, and citric acid plays an important role in this, and its accumulation in the early stage of storage is mainly related to the citric acid synthesis-related genes CmPEPC1/2 and CmCS1, the degradation-related gene CmGAD5, as well as the transporter-related genes CmCHX, CmVHA-c4, and CmVHP2.

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    Effects of different culture substrates on the growth of potted chrysanthemum
    YUE Liran, NI Xingyu, LIU Mingyu, ZHOU Yunwei
    2024, 36(11):  2521-2534.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231360
    Abstract ( 126 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (3479KB) ( 272 )  

    To explore the physicochemical properties of different culture substrates and their effects on the growth of potted chrysanthemum, three chrysanthemum varieties, namely, Chrysanthemum morifolium ‘Huihuang’, C. morifolium ‘Boerduohong’, C. morifolium ‘Huangfurong’ were used as the study materials in this experiment, a total of 12 different matrix formulations with different ratios were set up. In other words, after comparing the physicochemical properties of 20 common substrate materials, 7 kinds of culture substrates with different physicochemical properties were selected, inclduing river sand, perlite, vermiculite, peat, coconut bran, rotting leaves and rice hull, and then 12 groups were mixed according to different volume ratios. By analyzing the physicochemical properties of each culture substrate and its effects on the rooting rate, survival rate and root morphology of potted chrysanthemum, the appropriate matrix formula for cultivating potted chrysanthemum was selected. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the inorganic substrates such as river sand, perlite and vermiculite, the organic substrates such as rotten leaves, coconut bran, rice hull and peat had the characteristics of low bulk density, high porosity, high soil electrical conductivity (EC value) and high nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content. (2) The rooting rate and survival rate of the three chrysanthemum varieties were high in river sand, perlite, vermiculite, and peat (Z1-Z4 treatments), all of which were 100%, but the rooting and survival rates in coconut bran (Z5 treatment) were significantly lower than those in other treatment groups, and all of them died in rice hull: perlite volume ratio of 4∶1 substrate (Z12 treatment). (3) In the Z1 and Z2 treatments, the roots of the three chrysanthemum varieties were short, thick and curved; In the Z3 and Z4 treatments, the roots were long, thin and vertical. In peat∶perlite volume ratio of 4∶1 substrate (Z6 treatment), peat∶perlite∶rotten leaves∶rice hull volume ratio of 6∶2∶1∶1 substrate (Z7 treatment) and peat∶perlite∶rotten leaves∶rice hull volume ratio of 2∶1∶1∶1 substrate (Z8 treatment), the roots were the most robust, but in the Z5 treatment, the roots were the worst. (4) The membership function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the growth status of potted chrysanthemums under each culture substrate. The results showed that Z4, Z7 and Z6 treatments had the highest comprehensive evaluation index in C. morifolium ‘Huihuang’, C. morifolium ‘Boerduohong’, C. morifolium ‘Huangfurong’ respectively, and were the most suitable for the growth of potted chrysanthemums. In conclusion, the physicchemical properties of the culture substrates have a significant impact on the growth of potted chrysanthemum, and the rotten leaves and rice hull in common agricultural and forestry wastes can replace peat as the high-quality culture substrate for cultivating potted chrysanthemum to a certain extent.

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    Identification of a wild strain of Pleurotus pulmonarius and optimization of its liquid fermentation culture medium
    GONG Na, LIU Guoli, CHEN Xun, MA Xiaoying, ZHAO Ying, XIAO Jun
    2024, 36(11):  2535-2545.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231282
    Abstract ( 91 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (6375KB) ( 264 )  

    In order to optimize the liquid fermentation medium formula of Pleurotus pulmonarius, the collected wild P. pulmonarius strain was used as experimental material, and the strain was determined as P. pulmonarius by molecular biology methods. The optimum carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt and their mass concentrations in the liquid fermentation medium of the wild P. pulmonarius were screened by single factor test. Then, according to the results of single factor test, corn flour, soybean meal and MgSO4·7H2O were selected as the investigation factors, and the mycelial biomass of P. pulmonarius was used as the index. The liquid fermentation medium of P. pulmonarius was optimized by Box-Benhnken design. The results of single factor experiments showed that the optimum carbon source, nitrogen source and inorganic salt for liquid fermentation medium of wild P. pulmonarius were corn flour, soybean meal and MgSO4·7H2O, respectively. The results of Box-Benhnken design test showed that the fitting coefficient of response surface regression model could reach 0.968 4, and the optimal liquid fermentation medium formula of P. pulmonarius was corn flour 24.36 g·L-1, soybean meal 9.98 g·L-1, MgSO4·7H2O 2.66 g·L-1. In the optimal medium, the theoretical biomass of P. pulmonarius mycelium was 11.15 mg·mL-1, and the measured biomass was 11.09 mg·mL-1.

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    Plant Protection
    Structural diversity and influencing factors of endophytes in the bark of Korla pear
    TANG Li, LI Linfeng, CUI Baofeng, LIU Zhenya, LI Yapeng, ZHANG Wangbin
    2024, 36(11):  2546-2557.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240294
    Abstract ( 113 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (3546KB) ( 254 )  

    In this study, the composition structure and influencing factors of endophytic bacteria in the bark of Korla pear were studied by high-throughput sequencing method, aiming to find out the diversity and community structure of endophyte, as well as the effects of rot disease and nutrient elements on endophyte. The results showed that endophytes were distributed in 67 phyla and 555 genera, while fungi were distributed in 9 phyla and 405 genera. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria were Escherichia, Acetobacter, Streptomyces and Salinicoccus. The dominant endophytic fungi were Puccinia, Rhizophagus and Rhizopus. The endophyte in Korla pear bark were significantly affected by Valsa canker and nutrients. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium had different correlations with some endophytes. The functions of endophytes in the bark of Korla pear were mainly annotated into three major pathways: metabolism, organic system, and environmental information processing. The abundance of three pathways in diseased bark was higher than that in healthy bark. In this study, the community structure and diversity of endophyte in the bark of Korla pear in Xinjiang were identified, and there were certain differences between the bark with Valsa canker and the healthy bark. There were some interactions between endophyte and nutrient elements, and there were some beneficial microorganisms in the bark.

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    Environmental Science
    Soil organic carbon content and structural characteristics in water bamboo fields with different cultivation time
    AI Ran, HE Jie, LIN Haizhong, WENG Liqing, CHEN Zhaoming, MA Junwei, WANG Qiang
    2024, 36(11):  2558-2565.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231086
    Abstract ( 132 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (679KB) ( 286 )  

    In order to investigate the effects of water bamboo cultivation time on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and structural characteristics, soil samples were collected from 0-20 cm and >20-40 cm layer from water bamboo fields with different planting years in Huangyan District and Yuyao City in Zhejiang Province, China, (in Huangyan, the water bamboo cultivation time was 0, 5, 15, 30 a, respectively; in Yuyao, the water bamboo cultivation time was 1, 5, 15 a, respectively). The soil particulate organic carbon (POC) content was determined, and the SOC functional group abundance was detected by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). The results showed that, the SOC content in 0-20 cm layer of water bamboo field increased with the prolonged cultivation time, but the cultivation time did not significantly affect the SOC content in >20-40 cm soil layer in Huangyan. Besides, compared with the filed without water bamboo cultivation, the contents of SOC and POC content in the 0-20 cm soil layer of water bamboo field cultivated for 30 a in Huangyan were significantly (P<0.05) increased by 40.3%, 86.4%, respectively, the proportion of POC in SOC in 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly increased by 12 percentage points, the proportion of alkyl-C was significantly decreased by 5.96, 9.53 percentage points in the 0-20, >20-40 cm soil layer, respectively, and the proportion of aromatic-C was significantly increased by 4.31 percentage points in the >20-40 soil layer. In Yuyao, the SOC functional group abundance in both 0-20 and >20-40 cm soil layer and the contents of SOC, POC in >20-40 cm soil layer were not significantly influenced by the cultivation time. Compared with the water bamboo field cultivated for 1 a, the contents of SOC and POC in the 0-20 cm soil layer of the water bamboo field cultivated for 5 a were significantly increased by 41.0%, 87.1%, respectively, and the proportion of POC in SOC was significantly increased by 10 percentage points. In general, water bamboo planting could increase the SOC content and POC content in 0-20 cm soil layer, yet the prolonged cultivation of water bamboo could weaken the stability of soil organic carbon.

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    Fertilization status and reduction potential for major crops in Zhejiang Province, China
    CHEN Yupei, SHAN Yingjie, LU Ruohui, ZHU Weifeng, KONG Haimin
    2024, 36(11):  2566-2574.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231120
    Abstract ( 142 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (946KB) ( 338 )  

    There are large differences in the fertilization levels and fertilizer reduction potential across different crops in Zhejiang Province, China. It is of great significance to promote the development of green agriculture in Zhejiang, by clarifying the status quo of fertilization and exploring a scientific way to reduce fertilizer application. In the present study, more than 7 000 planting households in 11 cities of Zhejiang Province in 2022 were surveyed, involving 15 types of crops, such as grains and oil crops, fruits, vegetables, tea, etc. The fertilizer types, fertilizer dosage, application time, application methods, sowing area, crop varieties were investigated. The fertilization status and fertilizer reduction potential of different crops were analyzed based on the limits for chemical fertilizer application rate in Zhejiang Province.It was found that remarkable progress had been achieved in fertilizer reduction in Zhejiang Province. Among the crops surveyed, only the total application rates of nutrients in chemical fertilizers on wheat and tea was above the limits. The proportion of area with excessive application rates of nutrients in chemical fertilizers was as high as 73% in wheat. However, the above index in solanaceous vegetables was the lowest among all the surveyd crops, as only 1.3%. For other crops, the proportion of area with excessive application rates of nutrients in chemical fertilizers ranged from 19% to 44%. Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer was an important reason for the excessive application of total nutrients in chemical fertilizers. In regions with excessive application rates of nutrients in chemical fertilizers, the application rates of total nutrients in chemical fertilizers could be reduced by by 43% and 35% in tea and root vegetables, respectively, and by 10%-25% in the other crops.

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    Change trend and attribution analysis of water and thermal resources during rice climatological growth period from 1960 to 2019 in China
    XU Jinqin, QIU Xinfa, ZHU Ping, XIAO Xiao
    2024, 36(11):  2575-2583.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231263
    Abstract ( 101 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (966KB) ( 366 )  

    Based on the boundary temperature method, the climatological growth period indicators of rice were determined. The temporal variations of water and thermal resources during the climatological growth period of rice in six agricultural regions in China (Northeast China Plain, Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Sichuan Basin and surrounding regions, Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Southern China) were compared and analyzed. The specific contribution degree of major climate factors to the changes in water and thermal resources during the climatological growth period of rice were quantitatively evaluated. The results showed that the suitable sowing date of rice was significantly (P<0.05) advanced (-0.08 - -0.30 d·a-1), the suitable harvest date was delayed (0.04-0.20 d·a-1), and the climatological growth period was significantly prolonged (0.1-0.5 d·a-1) in the study area during 1960—2019. The accumulated temperature of rice increased significantly, the humidity index decreased, and the variation type of water and thermal resources of rice in the study regions were warm-dry. In the six agricultural regions, the significant increase of accumulated temperature was generally dominated by the increase of the duration days during rice climatological growth period. The decrease of humidity index during rice climatological growth period in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain was dominated by a decrease in precipitation, while the decrease of humidity index during rice climatological growth period in the other agricultural regions was dominated by the significant increase in the potential evapotranspiration. In the future, more attention should be paid to the effects of the significant increase in the duration days and potential evapotranspiration during rice climatological growth period on the rice production.

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    Food Science
    Effects of controlled heat treatment on physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of bamboo shoot protein
    CHEN Kaini, XI Yuhang, ZHANG Xing, ZHANG Hui
    2024, 36(11):  2584-2595.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240191
    Abstract ( 97 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (1825KB) ( 330 )  

    In order to study the effect of heat treatment on the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of bamboo shoot protein, bamboo shoot protein extracted by the alkali solubilization method was subjected to controlled heat treatment (80-100 ℃, 15 and 30 min) to investigate the change rule of the microstructure and its influence on the corresponding functional properties and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the structural conformation of bamboo shoot protein changed under controlled heat treatment, and the content of α-helix decreased significantly, indicating the formation of macromolecular aggregates and a significant increase in surface hydrophobicity, while longer time and higher temperature heat treatment would lead to a decrease in the solubility and an increase in the turbidity of bamboo shoot protein. After heating treatment, the water binding capacity, oil binding capacity, thermal stability and foaming ability of bamboo shoot protein were significantly improved, but the emulsion capacity was decreased. In addition, the antioxidant activity of bamboo shoot protein was significantly improved after heat treatment. The highest 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) free radical scavenging rate (95.40%±1.59%) was observed at 80 ℃ for 15 min, and the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging rate (78.20%±1.97%) and ferric reducing ability (65.255%±1.00%) were observed at 80 ℃ for 30 min. In summary, controllable heating treatment can improve the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of bamboo shoot protein, and further expand its application in the field of food processing.

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    Biosystems Engineering
    Research progress in polarization spectroscopy in the inversion of agronomic parameters of field crops
    XU Chenyi, YANG Jiaxin, JIN Zhongyu, YU Fenghua
    2024, 36(11):  2596-2604.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231352
    Abstract ( 118 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (1301KB) ( 296 )  

    The polarization spectrum information of field crops is utilized through polarization remote sensing technology to partially eliminate the specular reflection in the spectral data of field crops, thereby enhancing the accuracy of crop condition detection using spectral technology. This study reviews key technologies for acquiring and processing polarization spectral remote sensing data of field crops, as well as quantitative inversion of crop growth information. It outlines the fundamental research methods of polarization spectrum technology in crop monitoring, summarizes the characteristics of crop polarization spectra, and analyzes recent developments in the quantitative inversion of agronomic parameters using polarization spectra in field crops. This review aims to present the potential applications of polarization spectrum in field crop research from different perspectives, providing a reference for future studies in polarization spectral detection of field crops.

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    Design of a high isolation and high sensitivity antenna for winter bamboo shoot detection
    ZHOU Kaiqi, YU Cheng, YUAN Biao, LÜ Yan, NI Yihua, NI Zhongjin, YAN Xuechun, ZHAO Pengfei
    2024, 36(11):  2605-2616.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231301
    Abstract ( 91 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF (4650KB) ( 299 )  

    In order to meet the requirements of high sensitivity and low cost of microwave method for detecting winter bamboo shoots, a back cavity transceiver antenna loaded with a choke slot was designed. The antenna used a butterfly dipole antenna as the radiation unit, and used a four folded metal shielding box to couple the radiation unit with the feed structure to achieve directional radiation and improve the gain of the antenna. At the same time, a choke slot was loaded between the two antenna units to improve the isolation between the transceiver antennas. With the help of electromagnetic simulation software, the antenna was designed, processed and tested. The simulation results showed that when input echo loss S11<10 dB, the working frequency of the antenna was 0.94-1.49 GHz, the absolute bandwidth was 0.55 GHz, the relative bandwidth was 45%, the gain in the working frequency band was 6.40-10.80 dBi, and the maximum transmit receive isolation was -51.6 dB. The measured and simulated results were in good agreement, and the antenna had good performance in all aspects. The detection effect of the antenna on winter shoots in soil was tested, and the test results showed that the antenna in this paper could effectively distinguish the signal characteristics of the presence and absence of winter bamboo shoots.

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    Research on fast localization algorithm of pig iris
    LIU Weidong, ZHOU Suyin, XU Aijun, YE Junhua
    2024, 36(11):  2617-2626.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231274
    Abstract ( 122 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (5347KB) ( 326 )  

    Iris localization is the prerequisite and key link to realize iris recognition, the current mainstream iris capture devices are generally expensive, and the existing iris localization algorithm have problems such as low accuracy and long time consumption when applied to pig eye iris localization, so this paper proposes a fast and high accuracy iris localization algorithm for pigs based on low-cost acquisition equipment. Firstly, the pig iris image was denoised and binarized, then the Canny algorithm was improved to extract the edge information of the pig iris image, and then the inner and outer edges of the iris were located using the improved Hough circle transform and iterative reweighted least square method, so as to complete the localization of the pig iris. Experiments on 3 100 pig eye iris images showed that the accuracy rate of the iris was 96.19% and the average localization time was 342.50 ms. Compared with the DAUGMAN, WILDES and unit sector ring grey scale algorithms, the accuracy rate was improved by 10.49 percentage points, 8.67 percentage points and 3.61 percentage points, respectively, and the average localization time was reduced by 70.90, 81.50, 98.00 ms. This method could shorten the localization time while ensuring accuracy rate, and effectively improve the problem of poor effect of traditional iris positioning algorithm applied to pig iris, so as to lay an important foundation for the subsequent iris-based pig identification.

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    Characterization of mechanical properties of scallion white under mechanical load damage
    LIN Shengbo, WANG Bangzhui, WU Meiling, LI Yajian, WANG Guoqiang, TANG Zhong
    2024, 36(11):  2627-2634.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231388
    Abstract ( 99 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (2341KB) ( 295 )  

    In order to improve the mechanical harvesting quality of scallion, the mechanical parameters of scallion white were tested in this study, aiming to reveal the damage failure mechanism and provide reference for the research and development of low-loss harvesting equipment for scallion. The relationship between the mechanical parameters and the diameter of the scallion white was analyzed by using regression curve, and the internal component structure of scallion white was analyzed. The results showed that the component contents of membranous sheath, fleshy sheath and young leaves in pseudostem were 15.82%, 19.18% and 65.00%, respectively. The tensile strength, compressive strength and elastic modulus of scallion white were 0.48 MPa, 0.54 MPa and 0.16 MPa, respectively. The maximum breaking force and the minimum breaking force were 33.77 N and 16.43 N respectively. The maximum bending force ranged from 25 N to 40 N. The relationship between tensile strength, compressive strength and elastic modulus and diameter was a quadratic nonlinear curve. Based on the mechanical properties of scallion white, it was found that the strength levels of different components in scallion were inconsistent. Under the same load, the inner fiber tissue toughness of young leaves in pseudostem was stronger. The larger the diameter of scallion white, the stronger the toughness of the internal fiber tissue, the greater the tensile strength, and the later the fracture time. The research results can provide theoretical basis for the design of mechanical harvesting equipment for scallion and the reduction of mechanical damage during harvesting.

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    Agricultural Economy and Development
    Government propaganda, consumer awareness and satisfaction with quality and safety of agricultural products: based on survey data from 18 districts and counties in Zhejiang Province, China
    YU Jiajie, KE Fuyan, XU Zhiyuan
    2024, 36(11):  2635-2646.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240016
    Abstract ( 125 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (1140KB) ( 263 )  

    Improving consumers’ satisfaction with the quality and safety of agricultural products is one of the important goals of the government’s agricultural product quality and safety work. Based on 3 060 consumer survey data from 18 districts and counties in Zhejiang Province, this article uses the Oprobit model to explore the impact of government propaganda on consumer satisfaction with the quality and safety of agricultural products and its mechanism. The study found that government propaganda significantly improved consumer satisfaction with the quality and safety of agricultural products. Mechanism analysis shows that consumers’ awareness of agricultural product quality and safety plays a mediating effect on the impact of government propaganda on agricultural product quality and safety satisfaction. The heterogeneity study found that government propaganda played a more effective role in the young group and the highly educated group. To this end, it is recommended to increase publicity on the quality and safety of agricultural products and improve the pertinence of the publicity, thereby improving consumers’ satisfaction with the quality and safety of agricultural products.

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    National food security under the global changes and pandemic unseen in a century: governance effectiveness, risks, hidden dangers, and response strategies
    WANG Gang, ZHAO Xia
    2024, 36(11):  2647-2656.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231011
    Abstract ( 187 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (1265KB) ( 272 )  

    Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee has always put food security a top priority in the governance. The food security governance capacity of China has been steadily improved, and the governance system has been greatly improved. With the scientific deployment of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the coordinated cooperation between the central and local governments, China has successfully responded to the challenges of food security under the global changes and pandemic, both unseen in a century, and has achieved remarkable governance results. However, during the food security governance process during the crisis, some risk points in China’s food security governance system have been exposed in emergency management, food reserves, public opinion management, and food imports. In the face of the ever-changing international environment, only by constantly summarizing and reflecting on risk events, improving the food emergency security system, building a diversified food supply system, and strengthening the resilience of food security system with multi-system linkage, can we have more confidence to respond to future food security crisis and achieve long-term stability of China’s food security.

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  • 2 2020-12-04
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