Measurement of physical contact parameters and discrete element simulation calibration of lettuce seeds

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230649

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 932-942.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230649

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Measurement of physical contact parameters and discrete element simulation calibration of lettuce seeds

KONG De¹^,²(), YE Ziran², TAN Xiangfeng², DAI Mengdi², ZHAO Xianliang¹^,^*(), KONG Dedong²^,^*

1. School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023,China
2. Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021,China

Received:2023-05-18 Online:2024-04-25 Published:2024-04-29
Contact: KONG De,ZHAO Xianliang,KONG Dedong

Abstract

Abstract:

The current level of automation in the sowing process of industrialized lettuce production is relatively low, and designing an automatic seeder suitable for lettuce seed sowing requires simulation. To improve the accuracy of lettuce seed movement in particle simulation software EDEM, the physical parameters and contact parameters of lettuce seeds were tested. The measured angle of repose of seed pile was used as the validation standard to optimize the calibration of significant impact parameters. By using physical experiments to determine the basic physical properties and range of contact parameters of lettuce seeds, Plackett-Burman test was used to quickly screen out parameters that have a significant impact on the angle of repose of seed pile among multiple factors. Design the steepest climbing test to narrow the range of three significant parameters and determine the three levels of low, medium and high. Then, a second-order regression equation was obtained using the Box-Behnken test, and solved using the measured angle of repose of seed pile as the standard to obtain the optimal combination of EDEM discrete element simulation parameters for lettuce seeds. Finally, the accuracy of the parameters was verified through independent sample T-test. The results indicate that the calibrated optimal parameters can be used for discrete element simulation of the vibration process of lettuce seeds in the seed storage tray, and can also provide reference for the particle parameter setting of fluid solid coupling in precision seedling seeders.

Key words: lettuce seed, parameter calibration, discrete element, angle of repose

CLC Number:

S351.1

KONG De, YE Ziran, TAN Xiangfeng, DAI Mengdi, ZHAO Xianliang, KONG Dedong. Measurement of physical contact parameters and discrete element simulation calibration of lettuce seeds[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(4): 932-942.

Figures/Tables 17

References 31

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参数Parameters	平均值Mean value
三轴尺寸(长×宽×厚)Three axis dimensions (length×width×thickness)/mm×mm×mm	3.747×1.059×0.547
千粒重1 000 grain weight/g	1.144
密度Density/(kg·m^-3)	1 650

参数Parameters	平均值Mean value
三轴尺寸(长×宽×厚)Three axis dimensions (length×width×thickness)/mm×mm×mm	3.747×1.059×0.547
千粒重1 000 grain weight/g	1.144
密度Density/(kg·m^-3)	1 650

指标Index	1	2	3	4	5	6
厚度形变量ΔN	0.2	0.16	0.2	0.16	0.21	0.19
Thickness deformation ΔN/mm
宽度形变量ΔM	0.18	0.07	0.16	0.09	0.16	0.05
Width deformation ΔM/mm

指标Index	1	2	3	4	5	6
厚度形变量ΔN	0.2	0.16	0.2	0.16	0.21	0.19
Thickness deformation ΔN/mm
宽度形变量ΔM	0.18	0.07	0.16	0.09	0.16	0.05
Width deformation ΔM/mm

仿真参数 Simulation parameters	低水平 Low level(-1)	高水平 Hight level(+1)
生菜种子泊松比Poisson’s ratio of lettuce seed (A)	0.1	0.4
生菜种子剪切模量Shear modulus of lettuce seed (B)/MPa	3.9	6.5
生菜种子-生菜种子恢复系数Lettuce seed-lettuce seed restitution coefficient (C)	0.10	0.24
生菜种子-生菜种子静摩擦系数Lettuce seed-lettuce seed static friction coefficient (D)	0.37	0.58
生菜种子-生菜种子滚动摩擦系数Lettuce seed-lettuce seed rolling friction coefficient (E)	0.10	0.32
生菜种子-Q345碰撞恢复系数Lettuce seed-Q345 restitution coefficient (F)	0.30	0.41
生菜种子-Q345静摩擦系数Lettuce seed-Q345 static friction coefficient (G)	0.35	0.46
生菜种子-Q345滚动摩擦系数Lettuce seed-Q345 rolling friction coefficient (H)	0.01	0.28
虚拟参数Virtual parameter (J~L)	-1	+1

Measurement of physical contact parameters and discrete element simulation calibration of lettuce seeds

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Figures/Tables 17

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序号 No.	仿真参数								休止角 Repose angle (θ)/(°)
序号 No.	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	休止角 Repose angle (θ)/(°)
1	+1	+1	-1	+1	+1	+1	-1	-1	45.817
2	-1	+1	+1	-1	+1	+1	+1	-1	42.151
3	+1	-1	+1	+1	-1	+1	+1	+1	44.119
4	-1	+1	-1	+1	+1	-1	+1	+1	48.106
5	-1	-1	+1	-1	+1	+1	-1	+1	37.111
6	-1	-1	-1	+1	-1	+1	+1	-1	43.129
7	+1	-1	-1	-1	+1	-1	+1	+1	36.871
8	+1	+1	-1	-1	-1	+1	-1	+1	32.005
9	+1	+1	+1	-1	-1	-1	+1	-1	37.151
10	-1	+1	+1	+1	-1	-1	-1	+1	39.028
11	+1	-1	+1	+1	+1	-1	-1	-1	54.726
12	-1	-1	-1	-1	-1	-1	-1	-1	29.396

参数 Parameters	自由度 Degree of freedom	平方和 Sum of squares	F值 F-value	P值 P-value
A	1	11.54	7.33	0.113 7
B	1	8.87	5.63	0.141 0
C	1	55.43	35.20	0.027 3^*
D	1	152.66	96.95	0.010 2^*
E	1	53.06	33.69	0.028 4^*
F	1	8.65	5.49	0.143 8
G	1	15.06	9.56	0.090 6
H	1	1.16	0.738 2	0.480 8

序号 No.	生菜种子-生菜种子恢复系数 Lettuce seed-lettuce seed restitution coefficient (C)	生菜种子-生菜种子静摩擦系数 Lettuce seed-lettuce seed static friction coefficient (D)	生菜种子-生菜种子滚动摩擦系数 Lettuce seed-lettuce seed rolling friction coefficient (E)	休止角 Repose angle (θ)/(°)	相对误差 Relative error/%
1	0.100	0.370	0.100	31.192	12.36
2	0.128	0.412	0.144	33.755	5.16
3	0.156	0.454	0.188	36.801	3.40
4	0.184	0.496	0.232	38.307	7.63
5	0.212	0.538	0.276	44.334	24.82
6	0.240	0.580	0.320	46.705	31.23

序号 No.	生菜种子-生菜种子Lettuce seed-lettuce seed			休止角 Repose angle (θ)/(°)
序号 No.	恢复系数 restitution coefficient (C)	静摩擦系数 static friction coefficient (D)	滚动摩擦系数 rolling friction coefficient (E)	休止角 Repose angle (θ)/(°)
1	0.128	0.412	0.188	32.954
2	0.184	0.412	0.188	34.251
3	0.128	0.496	0.188	37.154
4	0.184	0.496	0.188	38.053
5	0.128	0.454	0.144	33.426
6	0.184	0.454	0.144	34.239
7	0.128	0.454	0.232	35.099
8	0.184	0.454	0.232	36.604
9	0.156	0.412	0.144	31.114
10	0.156	0.496	0.144	36.375
11	0.156	0.412	0.232	34.787
12	0.156	0.496	0.232	37.057
13	0.156	0.454	0.188	35.723
14	0.156	0.454	0.188	35.564
15	0.156	0.454	0.188	35.792
16	0.156	0.454	0.188	35.664
17	0.156	0.454	0.188	35.591

方差源 Source of variance	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Degree of freedom	均方 Mean square	P值 P-value
模型Model	46.630 0	9	5.180 0	0.000 1^**
C	2.550 0	1	2.550 0	0.000 1^**
D	30.160 0	1	30.160 0	0.000 1^**
E	8.810 0	1	8.810 0	0.000 1^**
CD	0.039 6	1	0.039 6	0.100 1
CE	0.119 7	1	0.119 7	0.013 3^*
DE	2.240 0	1	2.240 0	0.000 1^**
C²	0.003 2	1	0.003 2	0.607 6
D²	0.005 5	1	0.005 5	0.501 7
E²	2.680 0	1	2.680 0	0.000 1^**
残差Residual	0.077 3	7	0.011 0
失拟项Lack of fit	0.042 2	3	0.014 1	0.322 7
纯误差Pure error	0.035 2	4	0.008 8
总和Sum	46.710 0	16

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