Discriminant analysis of origin of Panax notoginseng and its main roots and lateral roots based on trace element analysis

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.07.16

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 1300-1308.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.07.16

• Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products • Previous Articles Next Articles

Discriminant analysis of origin of Panax notoginseng and its main roots and lateral roots based on trace element analysis

ZHANG Peng¹^,²(), ZHANG Xi³, YANG Xueyan¹^,², LIU Yuanlin¹^,², LI Ru⁴, LONG Ming¹^,², TIAN Xiaojing¹^,²^,^*(), ZHANG Fumei², CHEN Shien¹, MA Zhongren¹^,²

1. College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwestern Minzu University, Lanzhou 730124,China
2. China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
3. College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
4. Integrated Technology Center of Lanzhou Customs,Lanzhou 730100, China

Received:2020-06-30 Online:2021-07-25 Published:2021-08-06
Contact: TIAN Xiaojing

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, in order to solve the problems of main and lateral root doping of Panax notoginseng, the method of simultaneous detection of 11 elements such as Se and Cd in Panax notoginseng was established by dry digestion combined with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) technology. The range was from 95.72% to 102.3%, the correlation coefficient r value was 0.971 98 to 0.999 97, the RSD value were 0.09% to 2.88%, and all were less than 3%. Under this condition, the five different origins of Panax notoginseng and their difference in element content in main and lateral roots were detected in Yunnan. The results showed that the content of As, Pb and Cd in Panax notoginseng was not more than 0.5 mg·kg^-1; none of them exceeded the standard. FA analysis showed that the main influencing factors of the sample elements were As, Fe and Pb. The 3D and 2D mathematical models established by principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) made a clear distinction between Panax notoginseng and its main roots in 5 different production areas, and there was no overlap. The clustering analysis (CA) results were consistent with the actual production areas, and the main roots of different production areas were systematically divided into two categories. PCA and CDA analysis results were consistent. The purpose of this study was to provide a fast and accurate new method for judging the origin of Panax notoginseng and identifying the main roots and lateral roots.

Key words: Panax notoginseng, trace element, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), origin discrimination, principal component analysis, clustering analysis

CLC Number:

S567.23⁺6

ZHANG Peng, ZHANG Xi, YANG Xueyan, LIU Yuanlin, LI Ru, LONG Ming, TIAN Xiaojing, ZHANG Fumei, CHEN Shien, MA Zhongren. Discriminant analysis of origin of Panax notoginseng and its main roots and lateral roots based on trace element analysis[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(7): 1300-1308.

Figures/Tables 9

References 29

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编号 Serial number	取样产地 Sampling of origin	主侧根样本数量 Number of main and lateral root samples	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	主根简称 Principal root abbreviation	侧根简称 Lateral root abbreviations
1	文山州丘北县Qiubei, Wenshan	3	N24° 3' 27.08″ E104° 10' 20.26″	WZ	WC
2	红河州个旧市Gejiu, Honghe	3	N23° 21' 51.88″ E103° 10' 7.74″	HZ	HZ
3	曲靖市师宗县Shizong, Qvjing	3	N24°49'44.55″ E103°59'31.67″	SZ	SC
4	曲靖市沾益县Zhanyi, Qvjing	3	N25° 35' 46.53″ E103° 48' 58.63″	ZZ	ZC
5	曲靖市罗平县Luoping, Qvjing	3	N25° 4' 46.46″ E104° 6' 57.20″	LZ	LC

编号 Serial number	取样产地 Sampling of origin	主侧根样本数量 Number of main and lateral root samples	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	主根简称 Principal root abbreviation	侧根简称 Lateral root abbreviations
1	文山州丘北县Qiubei, Wenshan	3	N24° 3' 27.08″ E104° 10' 20.26″	WZ	WC
2	红河州个旧市Gejiu, Honghe	3	N23° 21' 51.88″ E103° 10' 7.74″	HZ	HZ
3	曲靖市师宗县Shizong, Qvjing	3	N24°49'44.55″ E103°59'31.67″	SZ	SC
4	曲靖市沾益县Zhanyi, Qvjing	3	N25° 35' 46.53″ E103° 48' 58.63″	ZZ	ZC
5	曲靖市罗平县Luoping, Qvjing	3	N25° 4' 46.46″ E104° 6' 57.20″	LZ	LC

序号 Sequence number	元素 Element	单位 Unit	标准系列质量浓度Standard series mass concentration
序号 Sequence number	元素 Element	单位 Unit	系列1 Series 1	系列2 Series 2	系列3 Series 3	系列4 Series 4	系列5 Series 5	系列6 Series 6
1	Ca、Na、Mg	mg·L^-1	0	5.000	20.000	50.000	80.000	100.000
2	Cu、Mn	mg·L^-1	0	0.025	0.100	0.250	0.400	0.500
3	Fe、Zn	mg·L^-1	0	0.250	1.000	2.500	4.000	5.000
4	Se	μg·L^-1	0	0.001	0.005	0.010	0.050	0.100
5	Cd、Pb、As	μg·L^-1	0	0.010	0.050	0.100	0.500	1.000

序号 Sequence number	元素 Element	单位 Unit	标准系列质量浓度Standard series mass concentration
序号 Sequence number	元素 Element	单位 Unit	系列1 Series 1	系列2 Series 2	系列3 Series 3	系列4 Series 4	系列5 Series 5	系列6 Series 6
1	Ca、Na、Mg	mg·L^-1	0	5.000	20.000	50.000	80.000	100.000
2	Cu、Mn	mg·L^-1	0	0.025	0.100	0.250	0.400	0.500
3	Fe、Zn	mg·L^-1	0	0.250	1.000	2.500	4.000	5.000
4	Se	μg·L^-1	0	0.001	0.005	0.010	0.050	0.100
5	Cd、Pb、As	μg·L^-1	0	0.010	0.050	0.100	0.500	1.000

元素 Element	波长 Wave length/nm	标准曲线 The standard curve	相关系数 The correlation coefficient(r)	标准偏差 The standard deviation	检出限 Detection limit
Ca	396.847	y=170 860.154 6x+11 647 886.594 5	0.996 79	0.239 858	0.719 574 mg·L^-1
Cu	327.395	y=30 737.723 802 30x+182.698 161 99	0.999 73	0.007 811	0.023 433 mg·L^-1
Fe	238.204	y=24 667.655 979 99x+2 557.179 833 91	0.997 66	0.007 524	0.022 572 mg·L^-1
Mg	279.553	y=130 293.215 613 79x+138 702.198 169 77	0.991 04	0.004 545	0.013 635 mg·L^-1
Mn	257.610	y=226 393.564 354 35x+3 749.315 543 08	0.997 95	0.005 696	0.017 088 mg·L^-1
Na	589.592	y=933 9.792 602 98x+391 3.632 409 32	0.999 94	0.005 912	0.017 736 mg·L^-1
Zn	213.857	y=29 278.829 650 48x+145.683 919 54	0.999 97	0.000 509	0.001 527 mg·L^-1
Se	196.026	y=0.606 137 56x+6.667 874 36	0.971 98	0.003 401	0.010 203 μg·L^-1
Cd	214.439	y=9.622 102 80x-2.792 729 07	0.999 77	0.000 226	0.000 678 μg·L^-1
Pb	220.353	y=2.045 842 25x+19.421 475 82	0.999 00	0.002 228	0.006 684 μg·L^-1
As	188.980	y=0.261 631 52x+2.464 119 93	0.978 04	0.003 868	0.011 604 μg·L^-1

Discriminant analysis of origin of Panax notoginseng and its main roots and lateral roots based on trace element analysis

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元素 Element	加标前元素质量 Quality of element before adding standard	加标量 Add standard quality	加标后元素质量 Quality of element after adding standard	回收率 Recovery rate/%	算术平均值 Arithmetic mean	绝对差值 Absolute difference value	绝对差值占算术平均值百分比 The ratio of the absolute difference value to the arithmetic mean/%	相对标准偏差 RSD/ %
As	0.000 89 μg	0.001 μg	0.001 869 μg	97.94	1.053 75 μg·kg^-1	0.237 5 μg·kg^-1	22.54	2.83
Cd	0.001 092 5 μg	0.001 μg	0.002 053 5 μg	96.15	1.097 5 μg·kg^-1	0.005 μg·kg^-1	0.46	1.63
Pb	0.000 822 5 μg	0.001 μg	0.001 799 5 μg	97.69	0.836 25 μg·kg^-1	0.007 5 μg·kg^-1	0.90	2.09
Se	0.000 085 μg	0.0001 μg	0.000 181 9 μg	95.72	0.183 75 μg·kg^-1	0.022 5 μg·kg^-1	12.25	2.88
Cu	0.005 705 mg	0.1 mg	0.105 105 mg	99.40	5.712 5 mg·kg^-1	0.015 mg·kg^-1	0.26	0.40
Fe	0.407 mg	0.1 mg	0.507 02 mg	100.02	407 mg·kg^-1	0.5 mg·kg^-1	0.12	0.21
Mg	1.638 167 5 mg	0.5 mg	2.149 667 5 mg	102.30	2 203.25 mg·kg^-1	15 mg·kg^-1	0.68	0.60
Mn	0.023 142 5 mg	0.1 mg	0.120 542 5 mg	97.40	23.156 25 mg·kg^-1	0.012 5 mg·kg^-1	0.05	0.29
Na	0.217 3 mg	0.1 mg	0.315 9 mg	98.60	217.475 mg·kg^-1	0.65 mg·kg^-1	0.30	0.56
Zn	0.030 4 mg	0.1 mg	0.129 9 mg	99.50	30.387 5 mg·kg^-1	0.025 mg·kg^-1	0.08	0.09
Ca	0.476 117 5 mg	0.1 mg	0.575 317 5 mg	99.20	477.21 mg·kg^-1	2.185 mg·kg^-1	0.46	0.19

样品 Sample	样品信息 (n=3)	Ca/(mg· kg^-1)	Cu/(mg· kg^-1)	Fe/(mg· kg^-1)	Mg/(mg· kg^-1)	Mn/(mg· kg^-1)	Na/(mg· kg^-1)	Zn/(mg· kg^-1)	Se/(μg· kg^-1)	Cd/(μg· kg^-1)	Pb/(μg· kg^-1)	As/(μg· kg^-1)
	Sample information (n=3)
主根 Main root	WZ	474.80± 0.09 c	18.73± 0.04 a	295.75± 0.14 i	2 084.50 ±15.32 gh	67.25± 0.03 c	192.98± 0.46 i	32.93± 0.09 d	0.15± 0.21 c	0.29± 0.02 i	0.54± 0.07 h	1.54± 0.42 ef
	HZ	474.94± 12.75 d	8.82± 0.05 f	848.50± 1.30 d	2 071.25 ±7.87 h	56.18± 0.06 d	220.28± 1.57 g	44.13± 0.26 a	0.36± 0.17 abc	0.77± 0.02 e	3.29± 0.07 d	3.39± 0.67 d
	SZ	478.45± 1.34 abc	7.21± 0.02 h	205.08± 0.29 j	2 262.25 ±0.80 c	27.20± 0.05 h	246.78± 0.76 f	26.95± 0.06 g	0.16± 0.14 bc	0.44± 0.01 g	0.33± 0.02 i	1.78± 0.29 e
	ZZ	476.12± 0.90 bc	5.71± 0.02 j	407.00± 0.25 g	2 201.50 ±8.09 df	23.14± 0.03 j	217.30± 0.44 g	30.40± 0.01 f	0.09± 0.04 bc	1.09± 0.01 c	0.82± 0.02 f	0.89± 0.31 f
	LZ	475.24± 0.22 bc	6.51± 0.010 i	466.50± 0.95 f	2 097.50 ±3.78 g	33.03± 0.08 g	204.53± 0.30 h	25.73± 0.01 i	0.18± 0.19 bc	0.93± 0.02 d	0.59± 0.05 gh	1.57± 0.31 ef
侧根 Lateral root	SC	482.85± 0.16 ab	12.80± 0.05 e	346.75± 0.25 a	2 377.75 ±15.91 b	25.28± 0.03 e	559.00± 2.05 e	25.50± 0.13 c	0.07± 0.09 ab	0.40± 0.02 b	0.70± 0.12 b	1.58± 0.68 b
	WC	475.82± 0.15 a	13.79± 0.05 d	807.00± 3.26 h	2 186.00 ±5.87 a	117.15± 0.18 i	1188.75± 6.25 d	26.33± 0.04 j	0.08± 0.06 c	0.63± 0.02 h	1.14± 0.11 fg	3.01± 0.60 ef
	LC	479.65± 0.37 bc	14.60± 0.10 c	1806.00 ±2.70 e	2 177.00 ±9.55 df	53.85± 0.31 a	2023.75± 16.73 b	31.45± 0.11 h	0.1± 0.09bc	3.98± 0.02 f	4.47± 0.04 e	4.48± 0.21 d
	HC	476.72± 0.19 abc	8.07± 0.01 b	2090.25 ±10.13 c	2 206.50 ±10.78 f	73.98± 0.28 f	582.00± 2.32 a	42.05± 0.11 e	0.59± 0.31 c	0.91± 0.02 a	17.32± 0.10 c	6.44± 0.25 c
	ZC	482.33± 1.07 abc	11.31± 0.02 g	2365.50 ±1.84 b	2 287.25 ±17.45 d	54.38± 0.19 b	309.00± 0.38 c	33.55± 0.08 b	0.50± 0.40 a	1.55± 0.02 d	6.21± 0.10 a	5.38± 0.71 a

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