Driving mechanism of soil denitrifying bacterial community by soil organic carbon after long-term of straw return

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.09.13

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 1686-1699.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.09.13

• Environmental Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Driving mechanism of soil denitrifying bacterial community by soil organic carbon after long-term of straw return

JIA Shengqiang¹^,²(), FAN Huishan¹^,², CHEN Xijing², YU Man², SHEN Alin², SU Yao²^,^*()

1. College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
2. Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2020-12-20 Online:2021-09-25 Published:2021-10-09
Contact: SU Yao

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, soil samples in 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and 80-100 cm soil layer treated with 5 years of straw return (SF) and no straw return (CK) were collected, and the contents of different components of soil organic carbon and nitrogen, and the abundance and structure of soil denitrifying bacterial community were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of soil particulate organic carbon (POC) in 0-40 cm soil layer, mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC) in 20-60 cm soil layer and total nitrogen in 0-80 cm soil layer under SF treatment were significantly (P<0.05) increased by 45.69%-142.75%, 89.34%-272.68% and 14.26%-90.34%, respectively, compared with CK treatment, but the contents of soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in 0-40 cm soil layer, microbial biomass organic carbon (MBC) in 0-60 cm soil layer and nitrate nitrogen in 0-60 cm soil layer were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by 68.89%-75.93%, 35.58%-75.43% and 12.91%-61.86%, respectively. About 63.81% of nitrate nitrogen loss occurred in the 0-40 cm soil. Correlation analysis results showed that soil POC and MOC were significantly (P<0.05) positively correlated with the abundance of soil denitrifying bacterial community, and affected the community structure. The number of nirS、nirK and nosZ gene copies in the 0-60 cm soil layer under SF treatment was 2.5-6.7 times higher than that under CK, and the genera of unclassified_c_Betaproteobacteria, unclassified_f_Rhodocyclaceae, unclassified_k_norank_d_Bacteria and unclassified_o_Burkholderiales were enhanced by the long-term straw return. In general, the abundance and structure of soil denitrifying bacterial community under long-term straw return were mainly driven by the relatively stable soil organic carbon components, such as POC and MOC. The loss of soil nitrate nitrogen caused by the enhanced soil denitrification should be taken into consideration in the maintenance and promotion of cultivated land fertility and crop nutrition management in future.

Key words: straw return, dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, mineral-associated organic carbon, denitrifying bacterial community

CLC Number:

S154

JIA Shengqiang, FAN Huishan, CHEN Xijing, YU Man, SHEN Alin, SU Yao. Driving mechanism of soil denitrifying bacterial community by soil organic carbon after long-term of straw return[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(9): 1686-1699.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1 Primers used in fluorescent real-time quantitative PCR amplification

目的基因 Target gene	引物 Primer	引物序列 Primer sequence	参考文献 Reference
nirK	F1aCu	ATC ATG GTSCTG CCG CG	Krishnani^[29]
	R3Cu	GCC TCG ATC AGR TTG TGG TT
nirS	cd3aF	GTS AAC GTS AAG GAR ACS GG	Szukics等^[30]
	R3cdR	GAS TTC GGR TGS GTC TTG A
nosZ	NosF2	GGG CTB GGG CCR TTG CA	Li等^[31]
	NosR2	GAA GCG RTC CTT SGA RAA CTT G

Fig.1 DOC, MBC, POC and MOC contents in different soil layers under straw return (SF) and control (CK) Bars marked without the same letters indicated significant difference at P<0.05. DOC, Dissolved organic carbon; MBC, Microbial biomass organic carbon; POC, Particulate organic carbon; MOC, Mineral-assoiciated organic carbon. The same as below.

Fig.2 Contents of total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, ammoniacal nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in different soil layers under straw return (SF) and control (CK) TN, Total nitrogen; AN, Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen; NH 4 +-N, Ammoniacal nitrogen; NO 3 --N, Nitrate nitrogen. The same as below.

Fig.3 Relationship between soil total nitrogen and soil MOC or POC under straw return

Fig.4 Copy number of nirS, nirK and nosZ gene in different soil layers under straw return (SF) and control (CK)

Table 2 Correlation within gene copy number of denitrifying bacteria and contents of soil organic carbon and nitrogen components

基因 Gene	土层深度 Soil depth/cm	DOC	MBC	MOC	POC	$NH 4 +$ -N	$NO 3 -$ -N	AN	TN
nirS	0~20	-0.979^**	-0.980^**	0.386	0.915^*	-0.978^**	-0.879^*	-0.835^*	0.942^**
	20~40	-0.968^**	-0.974^**	0.971^**	0.982^**	-0.623	-0.979^**	-0.960^**	0.991^**
	40~60	-0.940^**	-0.992^**	0.992^**	0.994^**	0.973^**	-0.988^**	-0.970^**	0.979^**
nirK	0~20	-0.952^**	-0.938^**	0.523	0.830^*	-0.947^**	-0.851^*	-0.722	0.901^*
	20~40	-0.977^**	-0.984^**	0.987^**	0.959^**	-0.528	-0.975^**	-0.977^**	0.965^**
	40~60	-0.966^**	-0.972^**	0.980^**	0.944^**	0.956^**	-0.981^**	-0.977^**	0.989^**
nosZ	0~20	-0.982^**	-0.984^**	0.347	0.918	-0.991^**	-0.838^*	-0.827^*	0.896^*
	20~40	-0.974^**	-0.985^**	0.985^**	0.981^**	-0.567	-0.985^**	-0.969^**	0.995^**
	40~60	-0.941^**	-0.979^**	0.985^**	0.955^**	0.953^**	-0.979	-0.969^**	0.985^**

Table 2 Correlation within gene copy number of denitrifying bacteria and contents of soil organic carbon and nitrogen components

基因 Gene	土层深度 Soil depth/cm	DOC	MBC	MOC	POC	$NH 4 +$ -N	$NO 3 -$ -N	AN	TN
nirS	0~20	-0.979^**	-0.980^**	0.386	0.915^*	-0.978^**	-0.879^*	-0.835^*	0.942^**
	20~40	-0.968^**	-0.974^**	0.971^**	0.982^**	-0.623	-0.979^**	-0.960^**	0.991^**
	40~60	-0.940^**	-0.992^**	0.992^**	0.994^**	0.973^**	-0.988^**	-0.970^**	0.979^**
nirK	0~20	-0.952^**	-0.938^**	0.523	0.830^*	-0.947^**	-0.851^*	-0.722	0.901^*
	20~40	-0.977^**	-0.984^**	0.987^**	0.959^**	-0.528	-0.975^**	-0.977^**	0.965^**
	40~60	-0.966^**	-0.972^**	0.980^**	0.944^**	0.956^**	-0.981^**	-0.977^**	0.989^**
nosZ	0~20	-0.982^**	-0.984^**	0.347	0.918	-0.991^**	-0.838^*	-0.827^*	0.896^*
	20~40	-0.974^**	-0.985^**	0.985^**	0.981^**	-0.567	-0.985^**	-0.969^**	0.995^**
	40~60	-0.941^**	-0.979^**	0.985^**	0.955^**	0.953^**	-0.979	-0.969^**	0.985^**

Table 3 Diversity index of nirS-type denitrifying bacterial community

处理 Treatment	土层深度 Soil depth/cm	覆盖度 Coverage/%	多样性Diversity
处理 Treatment	土层深度 Soil depth/cm	覆盖度 Coverage/%	Shannon	Simpson	ACE	Chao
CK	0~20	98.49	3.84±0.02 ab	0.066±0.005 a	563±7 ab	560±8 c
	20~40	98.47	3.80±0.09 b	0.068±0.002 a	553±10 b	549±12 c
	40~60	99.29	3.95±0.14 ab	0.038±0.001 c	455±23 c	456±13 d
SF	0~20	98.29	4.09±0.01 ab	0.045±0.002 bc	635±23 a	616±2 b
	20~40	98.38	4.09±0.06 ab	0.060±0.001 ab	640±16 a	673±14 a
	40~60	98.67	4.19±0.04 a	0.045±0.004 bc	543±16 b	544±7 c

Fig.5 Principal coordinate analysis of nirS-type denitrifying bacterial community in 0-60 cm soil layer under different treatments Hollow icons represented CK; solid icons represented SF. D1, D2 and D3 represented soil layers of 0-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm, respectively. The same as below. PC1, The 1st principle component; PC2, The 2nd principle component.

Fig.6 Community composition of nirS-type denitrifying bacterial at genus level in 0-60 cm soil layer under different treatments

Fig.7 nirS-type denitrifying bacteria with significant (P<0.05) difference under different treatments in 0-60 cm soil layer

Fig.8 Redundancy analysis result of nirS-type denitrifying bacterial community structure RD1, The 1st principle component; RD2, The 2nd principle component.

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Driving mechanism of soil denitrifying bacterial community by soil organic carbon after long-term of straw return

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