Effects of forchlorfenuron on growth and quality of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.10.11

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 1879-1888.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.10.11

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of forchlorfenuron on growth and quality of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications

SONG Wen¹(), WANG Qiang¹, ZHANG Jia², LIU Caixiu¹, ZHANG Nan², CHEN Liping¹, NIE Dongxing², YAO Haili¹, CANG Tao¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Risk Assessment Lab for Agricultural Products(Hangzhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control, Hangzhou 310021, China
2. Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125,China

Received:2021-01-28 Online:2021-10-25 Published:2021-11-02
Contact: CANG Tao

Abstract

Abstract:

This study investigated effects of forchlorfenuron on growth and quality of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications to explore the preferable treatment. A two-factor randomized block design with three replications was employed. The factors were fertilizer applications and forchlorfenuron concentrations. The results showed that fertilization and forchlorfenuron had significant effects on berry size, 100-berry weight and bunch weight of Fujiminori grape. Nevertheless, high concentration of forchlorfenuron (50 mg·kg^-1) was of limited effect on yield components. Fertilizer application was the main factor increasing the grain size uniformity index. Meanwhile, forchlorfenuron concentrations had the main effect on the stem diameter and stem suberization index, but adequate fertilizers could alleviate the side effect of stem suberization. Both fertilizer and forchlorfenuron could significantly affect fruit quality of Fujiminori grape. Under 50 mg·kg^-1forchlorfenuron treatment, the lowest ratio of sugar to acid was observed in the adequate fertilizer application; the lowest contents of soluble solids and total flavonoids were detected in the no fertilizer application. When Fujiminori grape berries were ripe, the forchlorfenuron residue of grape berries of all the treatments decreased to below the detection limit.The radar chart was drawn with six representative evaluating indicators after dimensionless processed,which showed that treatments of 10 mg·kg^-1 and 20 mg·kg^-1forchlorfenuron based on adequate fertilizer had the strong advantages in grape growth, yield and quality, and their indices were in a good equilibrium. This study indicated that the adequate fertilizer application was more effective than using forchlorfenuron only in grape production. In addition, the applied forchlorfenuron dosage exceeding the maximum registered dosage was not recommended.

Key words: forchlorfenuron, fertilizer, Fujiminori grape, stem suberization, sugar-acid ratio

CLC Number:

S965.125

SONG Wen, WANG Qiang, ZHANG Jia, LIU Caixiu, ZHANG Nan, CHEN Liping, NIE Dongxing, YAO Haili, CANG Tao. Effects of forchlorfenuron on growth and quality of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(10): 1879-1888.

Figures/Tables 13

Table 1 Experimental design

处理 Treatment	施肥方式 Fertilizer application	氯吡脲Forchlorfenuron(0.1% CPPU SL)
处理 Treatment	施肥方式 Fertilizer application	稀释倍数 Dilution ratio/times	有效成分用量 Dosage of active ingredients/(mg·kg^-1)
A1B1	充足肥料供给Adequate	20	50
A1B2	充足肥料供给Adequate	50	20
A1B3	充足肥料供给Adequate	100	10
A1B4	充足肥料供给Adequate	0	0
A2B1	无肥料供给None	20	50
A2B2	无肥料供给None	50	20
A2B3	无肥料供给None	100	10
A2B4	无肥料供给None	0	0

Table 2 Grading standard of grain size uniformity and fruit stem suberization

分级 Grade	葡萄大小粒 Grainsize uniformity	穗梗木栓化 Stem suberization
0级 Grade 0	无大小粒现象 None	无木栓化现象 None
1级 Grade 1	小粒不超过全穗10% Small berries≤10%	轻微木栓化 Slight
2级 Grade 2	小粒不超过全穗40% Small berries≤40%	中等木栓化 Medium
3级 Grade 3	小粒不超过全穗60% Small berries≤60%	严重木栓化 Serious
4级 Grade 4	小粒超过全穗60% Small berries>60%	—

Table 3 Grain size uniformity index, stem diameter and stem suberization index of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications and forchlorfenuron concentrations

处理 Treatment	大小粒指数 Grain size uniformity index	穗梗直径 Stem diameter/mm	穗梗木栓化指数 Stem suberization index
A1B1	25.0 bc	8.31 ab	29.6 a
A1B2	12.5 d	7.99 ab	13.0 bc
A1B3	22.9 c	7.35 bc	13.0 bc
A1B4	29.9 abc	6.65 c	0 c
A2B1	36.8 a	8.38 a	31.5 a
A2B2	35.4 a	8.00 ab	24.1 ab
A2B3	34.7 a	8.26 ab	18.5 ab
A2B4	31.9 ab	7.02 c	0 c

Table 4 Results of variance analysis(F value)

处理 Treatment	大小粒指数 Grain size uniformity index	穗梗直径 Stem diameter	穗梗木栓化指数 Stem suberization index
A	42.24^**	2.57	2.55
B	3.07	9.38^**	18.77^**
A×B	5.18^*	0.95	0.71

Table 5 Berry vertical diameter, horizontal diameter and shape index of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications and forchlorfenuron concentrations

处理 Treatment	果粒纵径 Berry vertical diameter/mm	果粒横径 Berry horizontal diameter/mm	果形指数 Berry shape index
A1B1	32.69 a	31.39 a	1.04 a
A1B2	30.96 ab	29.54 ab	1.05 a
A1B3	29.66 b	28.33 b	1.05 a
A1B4	27.55 cd	25.03 c	1.10 a
A2B1	30.11 b	29.47 ab	1.02 a
A2B2	29.11 bc	28.12 b	1.04 a
A2B3	28.93 bc	28.02 b	1.03 a
A2B4	26.22 d	24.16 c	1.09 a

Table 6 Results of variance analysis(F value)

处理 Treatment	果粒纵径 Berry vertical diameter	果粒横径 Berry horizontal diameter	果形指数 Berry shape index
A	12.26^**	6.68^*	0.74
B	16.59^**	31.93^**	2.29
A×B	0.72	0.64	0.03

Table 7 100-berry weight and bunch weight of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications and forchlorfenuron concentrations

处理 Treatment	百粒重 100-berry weight/kg	穗质量 Bunch weight/g
A1B1	1.90 a	1045.9 a
A1B2	1.70 ab	997.1 b
A1B3	1.49 bc	976.3 bc
A1B4	1.21 cd	836.5 d
A2B1	1.62 ab	987.1 bc
A2B2	1.48 bc	964.7 c
A2B3	1.48 bc	957.0 c
A2B4	0.99 d	805.0 e

Table 8 Results of variance analysis(F value)

处理 Treatment	百粒重 100-berry weight	穗质量 Bunch weight
A	5.63^*	55.99^**
B	16.73^**	330.75^**
A×B	1.26	3.09

Table 9 Contents of soluble solid, titratable acid and total flavonoids of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications and forchlorfenuron concentrations

处理 Treatment	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid/%	可滴定酸 Titratable acid/(g· kg^-1)	糖酸比 Sugar- acid ratio	总黄酮 Total flavonoids/ (mg·g^-1)
A1B1	11.02 bc	4.70 a	23.4	0.31 e
A1B2	11.52 ab	3.40 c	33.9	0.54 c
A1B3	12.27 a	4.00 bc	30.7	0.96 a
A1B4	11.42 b	4.07 b	28.1	0.63 b
A2B1	10.52 c	3.93 b	26.8	0.25 e
A2B2	10.52 c	4.30 ab	24.5	0.39 d
A2B3	11.27 bc	4.07 b	27.7	0.64 b
A2B4	11.28 bc	4.20 ab	26.9	0.61 b

Table 10 Results of variance analysis(F value)

处理 Treatment	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid	可滴定酸 Titratable acid	总黄酮 Total flavonoids
A	12.44^**	0.35	82.10^**
B	6.03^**	1.94	214.55^**
A×B	1.42	5.92^**	19.44^**

Table 11 Dimensionless processing results of evaluation indexes

处理 Treatment	大小粒指数 Grain size uniformity index	穗梗木栓化指数 Stem suberization index	果形指数 Berry shape index	穗质量 Bunch weight	糖酸比 Sugar-acid ratio	总黄酮 Total flavonoids
A1B1	0.32	0.06	0.95	1.00	0.69	0.32
A1B2	0.66	0.59	0.95	0.95	1.00	0.56
A1B3	0.38	0.59	0.95	0.93	0.91	1.00
A1B4	0.19	1.00	1.00	0.80	0.83	0.66
A2B1	0	0	0.93	0.94	0.79	0.26
A2B2	0.04	0.23	0.95	0.92	0.72	0.41
A2B3	0.06	0.41	0.94	0.92	0.82	0.67
A2B4	0.13	1.00	0.99	0.77	0.79	0.64

Fig.1 Radar chart of different fertilizer applications and forchlorfenuron concentrations on Fujiminori grape

Table 12 Comprehensive evaluation results of radar charts of different treatments

处理 Treatment	面积 Area	周长 Perimeter	$V i 1$	$V i 2$	Y	综合排序 Comprehensive rank
A1B1	0.883	4.443	0.536	0.562	0.301	8
A1B2	1.622	5.544	0.985	0.663	0.653	2
A1B3	1.646	5.615	1.000	0.656	0.656	1
A1B4	1.436	5.520	0.872	0.592	0.517	3
A2B1	0.791	3.966	0.481	0.632	0.304	7
A2B2	0.900	4.325	0.547	0.605	0.331	6
A2B3	1.125	4.897	0.683	0.589	0.403	5
A2B4	1.336	5.444	0.812	0.567	0.460	4

Table 12 Comprehensive evaluation results of radar charts of different treatments

处理 Treatment	面积 Area	周长 Perimeter	$V i 1$	$V i 2$	Y	综合排序 Comprehensive rank
A1B1	0.883	4.443	0.536	0.562	0.301	8
A1B2	1.622	5.544	0.985	0.663	0.653	2
A1B3	1.646	5.615	1.000	0.656	0.656	1
A1B4	1.436	5.520	0.872	0.592	0.517	3
A2B1	0.791	3.966	0.481	0.632	0.304	7
A2B2	0.900	4.325	0.547	0.605	0.331	6
A2B3	1.125	4.897	0.683	0.589	0.403	5
A2B4	1.336	5.444	0.812	0.567	0.460	4

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Effects of forchlorfenuron on growth and quality of Fujiminori grape under different fertilizer applications

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