Sap flow change rules of apple tree under different irrigation amounts and its influencing factors

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.04.10

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 736-745.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.04.10

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Sap flow change rules of apple tree under different irrigation amounts and its influencing factors

ZHANG Biyun¹^,²(), CHENG Ping²^,³^,⁴^,^*(), LI Hong, WU Shengli, ZHANG Zhigang

1. School of Geographical Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
2. Xinjiang Academy of Forestry, Urumqi 830000, China
3. Xinjiang Aksu Forest Ecosystem National Orientation Observation and Research Station, Aksu 843000, Xinjiang, China
4. Long-Term National Research Base of Jiamu Fruit Tree Science in Xinjiang, Aksu 843000, Xinjiang, China

Received:2021-07-10 Online:2022-04-25 Published:2022-04-28
Contact: CHENG Ping

Abstract

Abstract:

To analyeze the sap flow change rules of apple trees under different irrigations amounts (single irrigation quota 99.0, 148.5 and 198 m³·hm^-2, which were respectively marked as W1, W2 and W3) and the influence of meteorological factors on it in Aksu area, red apple trees (red love 119/06) was used as materials, sap flow rate of the apple trees were continuously observed by TDP contact-pin sap flow meter from June to September in 2020, and HOBO small meteorological station was used to automatically acquire the meteorological data. The results showed that the sap flow rate of apple trees under different irrigation amounts present a variation trend that were higher at daytime and lower at night, and the changes of sap flow rate at night were stable. The order of average daily sap flow rate of apple tress was W3>W2>W1. Air temperature, solar radiation and vapor pressure defict difference were the key factors affecting sap flow rate on the instantaneous time scale, 50 cm soil volumetric moisture content had a significant effect on sap flow rate at daily scale. Proper reduction of irrigation water was beneficial for the improvement of irrigation water productivity, increasing the total content of sugar and vitamin C, as well as reducing the total acid content. The irrigation amount disposed by W2 was more suitable for the irrigation of apple trees in the research area. The sap flow rate of apple trees was higher in July and August, the transpiration water consumption was high in this period, irrigation should be carried out timely, and the best irrigation should be before sunrise or after sunset.

Key words: red apple tree, irrigation amount, sap flow rate, meteorological factor, soil volumetric moisture content

CLC Number:

S642.2

ZHANG Biyun, CHENG Ping, LI Hong, WU Shengli, ZHANG Zhigang. Sap flow change rules of apple tree under different irrigation amounts and its influencing factors[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(4): 736-745.

Figures/Tables 13

References 35

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土层深度 Soil depth/cm	土壤容重 Volume weight of soil/(g·cm^-3)	田间持水量 Field capacity/%	有机质 Organic matter/ (g·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg^-1)	pH值 pH value
0-10	1.34	16.54	12.9	108	7.76	8.04
10-30	1.63	19.66	11.8	105	6.94	8.02
30-50	1.51	20.03	8.66	100	9.49	7.98
50-70	1.32	24.69	11.2	63	4.72	7.94

土层深度 Soil depth/cm	土壤容重 Volume weight of soil/(g·cm^-3)	田间持水量 Field capacity/%	有机质 Organic matter/ (g·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium/ (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg^-1)	pH值 pH value
0-10	1.34	16.54	12.9	108	7.76	8.04
10-30	1.63	19.66	11.8	105	6.94	8.02
30-50	1.51	20.03	8.66	100	9.49	7.98
50-70	1.32	24.69	11.2	63	4.72	7.94

月份Month	6月June			7月July			8月August			9月September
处理Treatment	W1	W2	W3	W1	W2	W3	W1	W2	W3	W1	W2	W3
启动时间 Start time	9:00- 9:30	9:00- 9:30	9:00- 9:30	9:30- 10:00	9:30- 10:00	9:30- 10:00	9:30- 10:00	9:30- 10:00	9:30- 10:00	10:30- 11:00	10:30- 11:00	10:30- 11:00
到达峰值时间	11:30	12:00	12:30	12:00	13:00	14:00	12:00	13:00	14:00	13:00	13:30	14:00
Peak time
峰值	3.59	4.72	5.46	4.65	6.61	7.57	5.40	7.39	8.33	4.42	6.41	7.35
Peak value/(cm·h^-1)
持续时间	11.0	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5	12.0	11.5	11.5	12.0	9.0	9.5	9.5
Duration time/h

月份Month	6月June			7月July			8月August			9月September
处理Treatment	W1	W2	W3	W1	W2	W3	W1	W2	W3	W1	W2	W3
启动时间 Start time	9:00- 9:30	9:00- 9:30	9:00- 9:30	9:30- 10:00	9:30- 10:00	9:30- 10:00	9:30- 10:00	9:30- 10:00	9:30- 10:00	10:30- 11:00	10:30- 11:00	10:30- 11:00
到达峰值时间	11:30	12:00	12:30	12:00	13:00	14:00	12:00	13:00	14:00	13:00	13:30	14:00
Peak time
峰值	3.59	4.72	5.46	4.65	6.61	7.57	5.40	7.39	8.33	4.42	6.41	7.35
Peak value/(cm·h^-1)
持续时间	11.0	11.5	11.5	11.5	11.5	12.0	11.5	11.5	12.0	9.0	9.5	9.5
Duration time/h

处理 Treatment	太阳辐射 Solar radiation	风速 Wind speed	大气温度 Air temperature	空气相对湿度 Relative humidity	饱和水气压差 Vapor pressure deficit
W1	0.862^**	0.244^**	0.836^**	-0.705^**	0.774^**
W2	0.872^**	0.258^**	0.858^**	-0.726^**	0.804^**
W3	0.871^**	0.259^**	0.867^**	-0.729^**	0.811^**

Sap flow change rules of apple tree under different irrigation amounts and its influencing factors

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处理 Treatment	自变量 Independent variable	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	间接通径系数 Indirect path coefficient			合计 Total
处理 Treatment	自变量 Independent variable	直接通径系数 Direct path coefficient	X₁	X₂	X₃	合计 Total
W1	X₁	0.561	—	0.716	-0.415	0.301
	X₂	0.927	0.433	—	-0.524	-0.091
	X₃	-0.545	0.427	0.892	—	1.319
W2	X₁	0.539	—	0.649	-0.317	0.332
	X₂	0.841	0.416	—	-0.400	0.016
	X₃	-0.416	0.410	0.809	—	1.219
W3	X₁	0.518	—	0.673	-0.321	0.352
	X₂	0.872	0.400	—	-0.406	-0.006
	X₃	-0.422	0.394	0.839	—	1.233

处理 Treatment	回归方程 Regression equation	决定系数 R²
W1	Y=0.927X₂+0.561X₁-0.545X₃	0.837
W2	Y=0.841X₂+0.539X₁-0.416X₃	0.858
W3	Y=0.872X₂+0.518X₁-0.422X₃	0.865

处理 Treatment	土壤体积含水量Soil volumetric moisture content
处理 Treatment	10 cm土层 10 cm soil layer	30 cm土层 30 cm soil layer	50 cm土层 50 cm soil layer	70 cm土层 70 cm soil layer
W1	0.429^*	0.535^*	0.828^**	0.446^*
W2	0.437^*	0.594^*	0.878^**	0.483^*
W3	0.499^*	0.616^*	0.888^**	0.510^*

处理 Treatment	果形指数 Fruit shape index	单果重 Single fruit weight/g	产量 Yield/(kg·hm^-2)	灌溉水分生产率 iWUE/(kg·m^-3)
W1	0.848±0.01 b	155.54±2.10 b	15 090.45±463.95 b	2.80±0.15 b
W2	0.924±0.01 a	172.57±2.24 a	17 965.35±459.41 a	3.08±0.14 a
W3	0.939±0.09 a	174.81±0.78 a	18 581.40±101.28 a	2.96±0.03 a

处理 Tteatment	总糖 Total sugar/%	总酸 Total acid/(g·kg^-1)	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid/%	维生素C Vitamin C/(mg·kg^-1)	纤维素 Cellulose/%
W1	15.18±0.90 b	6.45±0.13 b	17.77±0.17 b	46.7±1.8 c	0.93±0.02 b
W2	20.47±0.73 a	7.25±0.32 ab	19.78±0.37 a	60.3±1.1 a	1.04±0.09 ab
W3	19.40±0.46 a	7.92±0.62 a	20.40±0.29 a	54.0±2.9 b	1.15±0.06 a

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处理 Treatment	滴头流量 Drip discharge/(L·h^-1)	灌水历时 Irrigation duration/h	公顷株数 Number of plants per hm²	单次灌溉定额 Single irrigation quota/(m³·hm^-2)
W1	10	6	1 650	99.0
W2	10	9	1 650	148.5
W3	10	12	1 650	198.0

处理 Treatment	滴头流量 Drip discharge/(L·h^-1)	灌水历时 Irrigation duration/h	公顷株数 Number of plants per hm²	单次灌溉定额 Single irrigation quota/(m³·hm^-2)
W1	10	6	1 650	99.0
W2	10	9	1 650	148.5
W3	10	12	1 650	198.0