Stress response and tolerance of Chlorella vulgaris to tylosin

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231269

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 2316-2327.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231269

• Environmental Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Stress response and tolerance of Chlorella vulgaris to tylosin

NIE Hongli¹(), CHENG Qilu², SUN Wanchun², MA Jinchuan², LIN Hui², MA Junwei²^,^*()

1. School of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
2. State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Environment, Resources, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2023-11-10 Online:2024-10-25 Published:2024-10-30

Abstract

Abstract:

Antibiotics are typical emerging pollutants with high ecological risk to aquatic organisms. As the primary producers of natural water, microalgae are highly susceptible to environmental changes, especially exposure to pollutants. However, the studies on the response of microalgae to tylosin (TYN) stress are still limited. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris, a model algae species, was selected as the experimental material to investigate the stress tolerance of microalgae exposed to TYN from the aspects of microalgal growth, physiology, metabolism, and gene expression. The results showed that TYN had a typical hormesis effect on the growth of C. vulgaris. Microalgal growth was promoted by low concentration of TYN (≤ 0.5 mg·L^-1), with the increase of TYN exposure concentration, its inhibitory effect on the growth of C.vulgaris was more obvious, and it led to different degrees of oxidative damage such as cell morphological changes, plasmolysis, and thylakoid degradation. Transcriptome sequencing showed that the expression levels of genes related to photosynthesis, ribosome biosynthesis, and antioxidant in C. vulgaris were significantly down-regulated after 8 days of high-concentration TYN treatment, further indicating that high-concentration TYN had an inhibitory effect on C. vulgaris cells. It was worth noting that C. vulgaris could improve the binding level of TYN to functional groups such as —OH, —COOH and —NH in extracellular polymeric substance by increasing the content of extracellular polysaccharides and proteins, so as to cope with the stress effect of high concentration TYN on cells. This study systematically revealed the stress responses and tolerance of C. vulgaris to TYN, and the relevant results provided a reference for the ecological risk assessment of antibiotics in water.

Key words: emerging contaminant, microalgae, stress response, transcriptomic analysis, extracellular polymeric substance, stress tolerance

CLC Number:

S184

NIE Hongli, CHENG Qilu, SUN Wanchun, MA Jinchuan, LIN Hui, MA Junwei. Stress response and tolerance of Chlorella vulgaris to tylosin[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(10): 2316-2327.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1 The component of BG11 cultural medium mg·L-1

成分 Ingredient	含量 Content	成分 Ingredient	含量 Content
硝酸钠NaNO₃	1 500	碳酸钠Na₂CO₃	20
三水磷酸氢二钾K₂HPO₄·3H₂O	40	硼酸H₃BO₃	2.860
七水硫酸镁MgSO₄·7H₂O	75	一水氯化锰MnCl₂·H₂O	1.810
二水氯化钙CaCl₂·2H₂O	36	七水硫酸锌ZnSO₄·7H₂O	0.222
柠檬酸C₆H₈O₇	6	五水硫酸铜CuSO₄·5H₂O	0.079
柠檬酸铁铵C₆H₁₁FeNO₇	6	二水钼酸钠Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O	0.390
乙二胺四乙酸EDTA	1	六水硝酸钻Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O	0.049
A5(微量金属溶液)A5 (Trace mental solution)	1 000

Fig.1 Growth of C. vulgaris during 8-day exposure to different mass concentrations of TYN

Fig.2 Transmission electron micrographs of C. vulgaris cells after 4-day exposure to TYN at mass concentration of 0, 0.50, and 5.00 mg·L-1 CW, T, P, and S represent cell wall, thylakoid, pyrenoid and starch sheath, respectively.

Fig.3 EPS secretion of C.vulgaris under different mass concentrations of TYN treatment A, B and C, Changes in contents of total EPS, extracellular polysaccharides and extracellular proteins in 105 C. vulgaris cells after 2, 4, and 8 days of exposure, respectively; D, FTIR spectra of the C. vulgaris cell surface after 8 days of exposure.

Fig.4 The number of differentially expressed genes, and the top 3 categories of genes significantly enriched in the GO functional annotation after 0.05 and 5.00 mg·L-1 TYN exposure for 2 and 8 days

Fig.5 The significantly enriched KEGG pathways of DEGs and the key metabolic pathways in C. vulgaris cells after 8 days of exposure to 5.00 mg·L-1 TYN T5 represents 5.00 mg·L-1 TYN treatment.

Fig.6 The removal of TYN by C.vulgaris A, Removal rate of 1.00 and 5.00 mg·L-1 TYN in the culture system on 2, 4, and 8 days; B, The fourier transform infrared spectrum of C. vulgaris EPS; C and D, 3D-EEM plots of C. vulgaris EPS in the control and 5.00 mg·L-1 TYN treatment on day 8; EM is the emission wavelength and EX is the excitation wavelength.

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Stress response and tolerance of Chlorella vulgaris to tylosin

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