Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

Study on chalkiness character and endosperm structure of rice grain in different japonica varieties

PENG Bo, SUN Yan-fang, PANG Rui-hua, LI Hui-long, SONG Xiao-hua, YUAN Hong-yu, ZHANG Si-he, ZHOU Qi-ying, LI Qi-rui, LI Dan, SONG Shi-zhi

2016, 28(11): 1803-1811. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.01

Abstract ( 565 )

HTML ( 44 )

PDF (3820KB) ( 1746 )

Grain chalkiness greatly affects the grain appearance, milling, eating, cooking, and nutritional qualities, so it is one of the most important traits of grain qualities. It is essential to elucidate the relation of the chalkiness formation and the development of endosperm structure and starch granule of different japonica rice varieties. Here, we have mainly investigated the chalkiness characters such as degree of percentage of grains with chalkiness (PGWC), endosperm chalkiness (DEC) and square of chalky endosperm (SCE) in fifteen japonica rice varieties. Moreover, the endosperm structure and starch granules of rice grain were also observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Our results showed that the fifteen japonica varieties had a significant linear relationship between PGWC and DEC. Among the varieties, the biggest difference was PGWC, the second was SCE, and the last was DEC. Furthermore, there is a certain correlation between the arrangement of endosperm cells, the distribution of starch granules and the occurrence of chalkiness characters in different japonica rice varieties. As to the same variety, the starch granules of grains between the chalky and non-chalky had obvious difference, while the starch granules from the transparent parts of chalkiness and the non-chalky showed no significant difference.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Relationship of field microclimate and population yield in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system

CHEN Guo-peng, WANG Xiao-chun, PU Tian, ZENG Hong, CHEN Cheng, PENG Xiao, DING Guo-hui, WANG Rui, YANG Wen-yu

2016, 28(11): 1812-1821. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.02

Abstract ( 731 )

HTML ( 2 )

PDF (1274KB) ( 1598 )

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different wide rows spacing (A1: 1.2 m, A2: 1.3 m, A3: 1.4 m, A4: 1.5 m, A5: 1.6 m, A6: 1.7 m, A7: 1.8 m) at same rnarrow maize row spacing(0.4 m) treatment on the field microclimate and crops total yield in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system. The results indicated that soil temperature increased firstly and then decreased during the whole growth period of maize with increasing of strip width, and A4 had the hightest temperature (26.2 ℃), which was 0.6 ℃ higher than monoculture. On the contrary, field temperature decreased at first and then increased during the middle and later growth stage of maize, and A6 had the highest temperature (26.25℃), which was 1.15 ℃ higher than A4. Effect of strip width on transmittance at silking stage was highter than the other growth stages, A1 had the hightest ransmittancet and significant increased by 11.2% compared with monoculture. Compared with monoculture, intercropping significant improved the light energy utilization rate, the transmittance increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing of strip width, and A5 was the highest among all treatments, which was 26.52% and 20.51% highter than monoculture and A7, respectively. Total yield and economic benefit of A5 were the hightest, and increased by 14.35%, 19.46% and 16.77%, 26.84% compared with A7 and monoculture, respectively. Soil water content, field temperature and CO₂ concentration of maize canopy were main factors influencing maize grain yield, while soil temperature and transmittance of row middle was important factors for soybean. Selecting an adaptable strip width to coordinate the interaction between bandwidth and climate factor, reducing inter specific competition between maize and soybean, optimizing the climate resource allocation, creating the suitable field microclimate factors for maize and soybean growth were important for achieving high yield in maize-soybean strip intercropping system.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cloning of ZmREM and its expression analysis in maize under stress

WENG Qiao-yun, ZHAO Yan-min, ZHANG He, SONG Jin-hui, MA Hai-lian, YUAN Jin-cheng, LIU Ying-hui

2016, 28(11): 1822-1827. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.03

Abstract ( 880 )

HTML ( 0 )

PDF (1226KB) ( 1732 )

The plant-specific B3 superfamily constituted a large transcription factor superfamily. They play central roles in plant development, morphogenesis and stress-resistance. Taking total RNA of maize as template, REM gene was cloned by use the method of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Length of 1 047 bp cDNA sequence that encoding 349 amino acids was obtained. CD search result showed that it contained two B3-DNA domains and was named as ZmREM. Blast result indicated that ZmREM had 84% and 81% homology with Sorghum bicolor hypothetical protein and Setaria italica B3 domain-containing protein. In various tissues, gene expression in root was the highest. The expression of ZmREM in maize was induced by heat, high-salt, cold and PEG treatment. These results suggested that ZmREM might be a stress related gene of maize.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Improved immune efficiency of inactivated vaccine of pseudorabies virus by immunopotentiator

GENG Wen-xue, TANG Bo, HUA Tao, HOU Ji-bo, ZHANG Dao-hua, XU Jia-rong

2016, 28(11): 1828-1833. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.04

Abstract ( 622 )

HTML ( 0 )

PDF (1110KB) ( 1817 )

To evaluate the effect of immunopotentiator VA5 on immunity potency of inactive vaccine of pseudorabies virus (PRV), inactive vaccine was mixed with VA5. The comparison test of the immunity potency was conducted by using conventional inactive vaccine of Bartha-K61 strain of PRV, inactive vaccine mixed with VA5 and attenuated vaccine of Bartha-K61 strain. Blood samples were collected at 14 and 35 days after the first immunization, respectively. Neutralization experiments and cytokine detection were performed. The results showed that, compared with live and inactive vaccine of Bartha-K61 strain of PRV, the inactive vaccine with VA5 could induce higher neutralizing antibody against the heterologous strain of PRV and increase the expression levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ mRNA in porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBMC). Neutralization test showed that VA5 could significantly increase the level of neutralizing antibody against the epidemic variation strain of PRV. This experiment showed that VA5 could improve the humoral and cellular immunity of inactive PRV vaccine, and provide a basis for paving the better immune effect of inactivated PRV vaccine.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Investigation of Campylobacter contamination in poultry meat and its inactivation kinetics characteristics during cold storage

LIU Xi, PAN Hang, Narayan Paudyal, FANG Wei-huan, LI Xiao-liang

2016, 28(11): 1834-1841. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.05

Abstract ( 683 )

HTML ( 1 )

PDF (1200KB) ( 1829 )

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli contamination were investigated in the poultry industry chain in Zhejiang province and their characteristics of inactivation in the process of cold storage were described. Multiplex PCR was used for detecting the prevalence of C. jejuni and C. coli in poultry farms, slaughtering facilities and markets of Zhejiang province. Samples were collected as environmental swabs from farms and slaughtering facilities, meat from supermarket as well as wet markets. Simultaneously, two different models of best fit for mechanical characteristics of inactivation kinetics of C. jejuni and C. coli during the process of refrigeration of chicken meat were also evaluated by plate count method. The prevalence of C. jejuni was found to be 45.3% (n=182/402) and that of C. coli was 4.9% (n=20/402). The positive rate of C. jejuni and C. coli in poultry farms, slaughtering facilities and markets were 81.2%(65/80)and 0, 30.5% (48/157) and 5.1% (8/157), 41.8% (69/165) and 7.3% (12/165), respectively. Inactivation curves of C. jejuni and C. coli shared similar kinetics. During storage at 6 ℃ for 30 days, the lg cfu had decreased by 1.98 for C. jejuni and by 2.19 for C. coli. The decline in the number of bacteria for the first fourteen days was recorded to be at a faster rate as compared to the next 16 days. Comparison of Log-logistic model and Weibull model for inactivation kinetics revealed that the Log-logistic model gave a better inactivation curve for fitting of C. jejuni and C. coli.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Prevalence and molecular identification of Cryptosporidium spp. in yaks in Hongyuan County of Sichuan Province

HAO Li-li, LI Rui, DUAN Ling, HE Liang

2016, 28(11): 1842-1846. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.06

Abstract ( 640 )

HTML ( 1 )

PDF (1857KB) ( 1631 )

In order to investigate prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in yaks in Hongyuan County, in this study, Cryptosporidium isolates from 216 fecal samples were identified by nest-PCR method (including 18 diarrhea fecal samples). Total infection rate of Cryptosporidium was 14.8%. It showed that prevalence of Cryptosporidium bovis, C. ryanae and C. andersoni was 3.7%, 5.1% and 6.0%, respectively. However, no Cryptosporidium spp. was detected in 18 diarrhea fecal samples. Above results showed that yaks were natural hosts of Cryptosporidium spp.. But in this study, no obvious correlation existed between Cryptosporidium spp. and diarrhea, and the relationship between Cryptosporidium spp. and diarrhea in yaks should be further explored.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Distribution-survey of Pseudomonas aeruginosa of captive forest musk deer and analysis of drug resistance

XI Li-xin, WEN Cai-fang, ZHAO Shan, CHEN Zhen-rong, ZHUO Li-miao, YANG Guang-you, YAN Qi-gui, ZHENG Cong-jun, WANG Hong-yong, XIA Zhong-lin

2016, 28(11): 1847-1852. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.07

Abstract ( 795 )

HTML ( 0 )

PDF (1053KB) ( 1624 )

A total of 124 samples were collected from Zhenping Country, Shaanxi Province and Baoxing Country, Sichuan Province, and were used to isolate and identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as to test their drug resistance by traditional bacteriological identification methods. It was shown that 60 P. aeruginosa strains were isolated, of which 34 were isolated from Zhenping, and 26 were isolated from Baoxing. The detection rate decreased as wound pus>dead deer tissues and organs>skin wounds>nasal swabs>soil>feces>urine>air. The detection ratio of Zhenping samples was higher than that of Baoxing. All 60 isolated P. aeruginosa strains exhibited similar resistance phenotypes. All strains were sensitive to amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and were moderately sensitive to imipenem, but were resistance to doxycycline, tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Cloning and tissue expression analysis of the cytochrome P450c17-Ⅰ (CYP17-Ⅰ) gene from mud loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) and large-scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus)

LIU Shi-li, ZHANG Ai-ju, LIAN Qing-ping, WU Wei-jun, JIA Yong-yi, JIANG Wen-ping, LI Fei

2016, 28(11): 1853-1861. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.08

Abstract ( 884 )

HTML ( 0 )

PDF (3184KB) ( 1693 )

In this study, full-length cDNA sequences of the cytochrome P450c17-Ⅰ (CYP17-Ⅰ) gene were cloned using homologous cloning and 3'- and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends techniques from mud loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) and large-scale loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus). Their expression in various tissues were then explored using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In mud loach, the cloned sequence was 1 706 bp in length and contained a 1 563 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 520 amino acids. In the large-scale loach, the cloned sequence was 1 763 bp in length and contained a 1 545 bp ORF encoding a protein of 514 amino acids. Both CYP17-Ⅰ proteins had a predicted signal peptide, a transmembrane domain, a conserved protein domain and three conserved functional areas. Identity analysis showed that CYP17-Ⅰ amino acid sequences were 99% identical between the two loaches, and were more than 70% identical to the same proteins from other fish species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the closest relationship of CYP17-Ⅰ amino acid sequences was between this two loaches, and the phylogenetic relationships among the CYP17-Ⅰ amino acid sequences were in accord with the traditional classification. CYP17-Ⅰ was expressed widely in the intestine, muscle, heart, stomach, liver, testis, ovary and spleen in the two species of loach, with the highest expression levels being observed in the the testis and ovary.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Construction of type Ⅲ antifreeze protein eukaryotic expression plasmid and expression in zebrafish cell line

YANG Min, HUANG Qiao, CHEN Liang-biao

2016, 28(11): 1862-1866. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.09

Abstract ( 653 )

HTML ( 3 )

PDF (2037KB) ( 2073 )

To elucidate the AFPⅢ multimerization molecular mechanisms on cold tolerance, we cloned tetramer (LD4) of the type Ⅲ AFP from a multimer type Ⅲ antifreeze protein gene LD12 cDNA which was characterized from the Antarctic eelpout (Lycodichthys dearborni). The eukaryotic expression plasmid Tol2-actin-LD4-2A-EGFP was constructed and transfected into zebrafish cells (ZF4). It was found that LD4 was abundantly expressed in ZF4 cell line and reduced mortality of zebrafish cells under low temperature stress. Transcriptome sequencing and gene expression analysis were carried out at WT, EGFP and LD4 cells under different processing temperatures (28 ℃, 18 ℃ for 2 days, 18 ℃ for 2 days and 10 ℃ for 2 days), the results indicated 26 differentially expressed transcription factors, in which I3MB13 and ZNF687b were up-regulated and JUN and Cremb were down-regulated. The expression patterns of 26 selected genes were verified by qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR). Based on the KEGG pathway analysis, the transcription factors were suggested to be involved in apoptosis, cell cycle and proliferation regulation. So, AnnexinV-PE/7-AAD double staining was used to detect the effect of LD4 on apoptosis. Unfortunately, apoptosis rate was not significantly decreased in LD4 cells compared with the control group (EGFP and WT). That is, LD4 might be involved in another channel rather than inhibiting apoptosis to resist low temperature, which provides a certain theoretical basis for further research on the mechanism of LD4.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Comparison of light-use and water-use efficiency for C3 and C4 species

YE Zi-piao, YANG Xiao-long, KANG Hua-jing

2016, 28(11): 1867-1873. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.10

Abstract ( 1083 )

HTML ( 13 )

PDF (1120KB) ( 2206 )

This study aims to investigate the response relationship between light-use efficiency (LUE), water-use efficiency (WUE) and light intensity for C3 and C4 plants species. It is an important significance to reveal light-use and water consume of plants. We used LI-6400 Portable Photosynthetic System to measure the leaf gas exchange data of Koelreuteria paniculata, Capsicum annuum, Sorghum bicolor and Zea mays. Then these data were simulated by a light-response model of LUE and WUE which were developed by a mechanistic model of light-response of photosynthesis. These results showed that: (1) the maximum light-use efficiency (LUE_max), maximum water-use efficiency (WUE_max) and the corresponding saturation irradiance (I_L-sat for LUE_max) of K. paniculata and C. annuum were less than that of Z. mays and S. bicolor; (2) the maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_nmax) and saturation irradiance (I_sat for P_nmax) of S. bicolor were less than that of Z. mays, but its LUE_max and WUE_max were more than that of Z. mays. Therefore, LUE_max and WUE_max of K. paniculata and C. annuum for C3 plants are less than that of S. bicolor and Z. mays for C4 plants. However, there is no such tendency in their corresponding saturation irradiances (i.e. I_L-sat and I_W-sat) for four plants.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effect of substrate formula with different raw materials and bottling bulk density on growth and development of Flammulina velutipes

JIN Qun-li, FAN Li-jun, FENG Wei-lin, SONG Ting-ting, SHEN Ying-yue, TIAN Fang-fang, CAI Wei-ming

2016, 28(11): 1874-1880. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.11

Abstract ( 823 )

HTML ( 1 )

PDF (1127KB) ( 1759 )

In order to develop new substrate materials, optimize matrix formula and substrates quantity for Flammulina velutipes cultivation, effects of substrate formula with different main raw materials of carbon source and supplementary materials of nitrogen source, and bottling bulk density on growth and development of F. velutipes were tested. The results were as follows: Among 7 substrate formulas with different main raw materials of carbon sources, the optimal one was the substrate formula with corn cob as main raw materials of carbon source, mushroom yield and biological efficiency were 150.6 g·bottle^-1 and 51.2%, significantly higher than the other six formulas. The test also found that the substrate formula with beanstalk as main raw materials of carbon source could obtain a more ideal yield of F. velutipes mushroom, indicating that beanstalk had potential value of developing as a new raw material for F. velutipes cultivation. Among 6 substrate formulas with different supplementary materials of nitrogen sources, the highest yield was obtained from the substrate formula with rapeseed cake as supplementary material of nitrogen source, which reached to 186.0 g·bottle^-1, higher than current common substrate formula with wheat bran and rice bran as supplementary material of nitrogen source. The test also found that beer residue was a good supplementary material of nitrogen source for F. velutipes cultivation, but camellia cake was not a suitable supplementary material of nitrogen source for F. velutipes cultivation. Bottling bulk density of substrate had obvious effects on mushroom yield and biological efficiency, the optimal bottling bulk density of substrate was 740 g·bottle^-1.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effects of K/N ratio of nutrient solution on growth and fruit quality of tomato in different growth periods

LI Juan, LI Jian-she, GAO Yan-ming, CAO Shao-na

2016, 28(11): 1881-1889. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.12

Abstract ( 728 )

HTML ( 0 )

PDF (1205KB) ( 1830 )

Under sand culture, after fruit setting of the first truss, the effect of K/N ratio of nutrient solution on plant growth, fruit quality, yield and nutrient content of tomato were investigated. The results showed that it can promote plants’ nutritional growth, improve fruit quality and production, balance nutrients’ assimilation and distribution of plants when the K/N ratio of nutrient solution was increased in the fruit-set period, but if the K/N ratio was too high it will inhibit the promoting effects. T4 treatment (K∶N=2.5∶1)could improve the content of chlorophyll significantly, the photosynthetic capacity could be improved too, and fruit qualities could also be improved significantly, but at the same time it markedly increased the incidence of blossom-rot fruits. T3 treatment (K∶N=2.1∶1)could get the maximum total fruit number and the highest yield per plant, and fruit quality was better. The root-shoot ratio and the content of dry matters of plant roots, stems, leaves in this treatment were also the highest. The content of K in roots, stems, leaves in T3 treatment were in the middle, and the assimilation and distribution of N and P ranked only second to T2 treatment. Considering nutritional growth, fruit quality, yield and so on, T3 treatment (K∶N=2.1∶1) was the optimal K/N ratio in the fruit-set period of tomato under sand culture.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effects of different substrate treatments on strawberry growth and fruit quality in stereoscopic cultivation systems

XU Yun-huan, ZHANG Yu-chao, YANG Xiao-fang, MIAO Li-xiang, JIANG Gui-hua

2016, 28(11): 1890-1894. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.13

Abstract ( 833 )

HTML ( 3 )

PDF (1091KB) ( 1785 )

The effects of different substrate disinfection methods on strawberry growth, yield and fruit quality in stereoscopic cultivation system were studied after determinating the changes of physicochemical properties between different disinfectant substrates and the controls. We proposed a feasible substrate disinfection method consisting of four key parts as follows: elution, disinfection with solarization, adding fungicide and fertilizer supplement. The disinfectant substrate can be reused and the physicochemical properties of substrate were the requirement.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Construction of cDNA libraries from Hirsutella sinensis before and after sexual development

XIE Fang, CHANG Li-ming, LI Jian-hong, ZHANG Yu, ZHANG Ya-jun, LIU Shuai

2016, 28(11): 1895-1900. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.14

Abstract ( 708 )

HTML ( 0 )

PDF (1626KB) ( 1603 )

The cDNA libraries were constructed from Hirsutella sinensis before and after the sexual development, respectively. Total RNA KitⅠ method was used to extract total RNA. The mRNA was separated by magnetic particles, and then double stranded cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription. The obtained cDNA was purified by proteinase K and SfiⅠdigestive enzymes and connected to the carrier pUC19, then transferred into strain DH-5α with competent cells, by electrotransformation. Afterwards, the clone number, reconstruction ratio and the size of the insert fragment of the library were measured. The results showed that library 1 contained 1.09×10⁶ recombinants, the blue and white test showed the reconstruction ratio was 92.5%, library 2 contained 1.13×10⁶ recombinants, and the blue and white test showed the reconstruction ratio was 92%. The size of reconstructed DNA fragments in two libraries ranged from 500 to 2 000 bp. It showed that RNA extracted in this experiment had good purification degree, which was enough to meet the requirements for subsequent research.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Soil fungal diversity and its relationship with soil physical and chemical properties in saline alkali soil of Yellow River Delta

WANG Yan-yun, GUO Du-fa

2016, 28(11): 1901-1907. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.15

Abstract ( 651 )

HTML ( 3 )

PDF (1105KB) ( 1784 )

Soil fungal diversity and the relationship between physical and chemical properties were studied using 454 high-throughput sequencing under bare land, Tamarix chinensis community and Apocynum venetum community. Total of 174 genera and 5 phyla were obtained in this study. The species and diversity of these fungi in different soil samples were different. Many kinds of fungi were obtained in A. venetum community, and HZ3A had the most fungi species. The genus of HZ3A was 2.23 times as much as HZ1A, 1.74 times as much as HZ1B, 1.24 times as much as HZ2A, 2.18 times as much as HZ2B, 1.38 times as much as HZ3B. In addition, soil fungal diversity of A. venetum community was higher than those of bare land and T. chinensis community. Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN) had the greatest impact on distribution and diversity of soil fungal genera. AN was negatively correlated with the relative abundances of Knufia, Cochliobolus, Mucor, Malassezia and was positively correlated with the other fungi.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effects of sweet potato plantation on soil environment of coastal area in Northern Jiangsu

LIU Chong, WANG Mao-wen, XING Jin-cheng, DING Hai-rong, ZHU Xiao-mei, ZHAO Bao-quan, DONG Jing, WEN Zhu-gui, HONG Li-zhou

2016, 28(11): 1908-1914. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.16

Abstract ( 815 )

HTML ( 2 )

PDF (1138KB) ( 1788 )

In order to explore the effect of sweet potato plantation on soil environment of coastal area in Northern Jiangsu, a field experiment with 3 concentrations of soil salt was carried out. It was shown that the growth of sweet potato was restrained with the increase of soil salt concentration. The growth of sweet potato had no difference in soils with salt concentration of 2.0-3.1 and 1.0-2.0 g·kg^-1, indicating a certain salt resistance of sweet potato. When soil salt content was increased to 3.1-4.8 g·kg^-1, the growth index of sweet potato dropped significantly. With the prolong of sweet potato growth, soil salt declined gradually, and the soil respiration intensity presented the downward trend after rising first in soils with 1.0-2.0 and 2.0-3.1 g·kg^-1 salt concentration. After harvest, soil respiration intensity was still higher than that before sweet potato plantation. During the whole growth period, soil total nitrogen content and organic content presented the downward trend after rising first, while soil total potassium content presented the upward trend after decreasing first. The greater the soil salt, the lower the soil microbial carbon content. Along with sweet potato growth, the soil microbial carbon content showed an increasing trend in soils with salt concentration of 1.0-2.0 and 2.0-3.1 g·kg^-1. Thus, sweet potato had certain salt resistance. For the coastal areas in Northern Jiangsu, sweet potato plantation could reduce soil salt content, promote the growth of microorganisms, improve soil nutrition, and significantly improve the ecological environment of saline soil, and was especially beneficial for soils with 1.0-2.0 and 2.0-3.1 g·kg^-1 salt concentration.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Microbial ecological process of nitrogen transformation accelerated by different organic carbon in polluted water

ZHAO Pei-wen, WANG Xin, WU Yi-fei, YAO Xiao-hong, LIU Yong, SUN Hong, GE Xiang-yang, TANG Jiang-wu

2016, 28(11): 1915-1921. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.17

Abstract ( 610 )

HTML ( 0 )

PDF (2205KB) ( 2003 )

In the present study, methanol, ethanol, sodium acetate, sodium citrate, glucose, sucrose, maltose, and CMC-Na was added in nitrogen-polluted urban river water with C/N of 15∶1. Variation of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, total nitrogen were detected by national standard method, β-glucosidase activity were determined using the fluorogenic model substrates, and the change of bacterial community structure were analyzed by PCR-DGGE. It was shown that contents of ammonia decreased significantly after organic carbon sources addition except methanol or CMC-Na. Addition of organic carbon sources increased β-glucosidase activity. Bacterial community structure differed obviously with addition of glucose, sucrose and maltose. The results indicated that addition of organic carbon could accelerate transformation of nitrogen in the nitrogen-polluted water, in which microbes played key role. Bacterial community and metabolic activity had different responses to varied organic carbons, which would lead to different strength on nitrogen transformation acceleration.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Effects of land use on soil moisture, pH and electrical conductivity

YANG Hong, XU Chang-chang, SAI Man, CAO Jian-ting, CAO Li-hua, ZHANG Ai-qin, LIU He-man

2016, 28(11): 1922-1927. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.18

Abstract ( 905 )

HTML ( 1786449280 )

PDF (1143KB) ( 4622 )

In order to clarify the soil moisture content, pH value and variation characteristics of electrical conductivity in 0-50 cm soil layer under different vegetation types, soil samples collected under 5 vegetation types in Bayi Town, Linzhi were adopted as the study object. It was shown that land use type did influence the vertical distribution of soil moisture content, pH value and electrical conductivity in soil profile, especially the moisture content and electrical conductivity in the surface layer (0-20 cm). Moisture content of grassland exhibited aggregation as the moisture content was decreased with the deepening of soil layer. Soil moisture content and electrical conductivity showed stronger spatial variability, while the variation of pH value was smaller. With the deepening of soil layer, the variation of soil moisture content and electrical conductivity in different soil layers gradually decreased.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Antimicrobial activity of natural citral derivatives on food deterioration bacteria

LI Zhao-shuang, WANG Xi-nan, WANG Peng, CHEN Shang-xing, FAN Guo-rong, WANG Zong-de

2016, 28(11): 1928-1933. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.19

Abstract ( 625 )

HTML ( 0 )

PDF (1108KB) ( 2085 )

The antibacterial activities of 12 natural citral derivatives against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated through anti-bacterium-circles and two-fold agar dilution methods. The results showed that these citral derivatives all had antibacterial effect on four bacteria. Geranyl isobutyrate exhibited the strongest effect on E. coli, with the diameter of antibacterial circle 14.83 mm and MIC 8 mg·L^-1; Nerol strongest on S. aureus and S. epidermidis, with the diameters of antibacterial circle 15.80 and 14.33 mm and the MIC 8 and 16 mg·L^-1; Geraniol best on P. aeruginosa, with the diameter of antibacterial circle 15.00 mm and MIC 16 mg·L^-1. The relative permeability of bacterial’s cytomembrane was measured, and the result showed that the relative permeability increased after treated by the citral derivatives, which implied that these citral derivatives had a destructive effect on the bacterial cytomembrane.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Study on temperature gradient for coupled hot air and microwave drying of burdock

SONG Fei-hu, ZHOU Hong-mei, LI Zhen-feng, LI Jing

2016, 28(11): 1934-1940. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.20

Abstract ( 505 )

HTML ( 0 )

PDF (1701KB) ( 1640 )

Combined microwave-hot air drying is a potential method to extend the shelf life of burdock. During combined microwave-hot air drying, there is a temperature gradient between the hotter center and the colder surface inside the sample. In order to investigate the effect of the temperature gradient, drying processes with fixed core and hot air temperatures were carried out, and the drying rate and quality of dried product were analyzed. It was found that the drying rate did not change monotonously as the temperature gradient increased. When the drying time was the shortest, the product quality was poor due to the high drying rate. To further improve the drying process, temperature gradient control strategy was proposed for drying process. With this strategy, drying efficiency and product quality could be balanced.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Study on forecast method for watermelon growth period based on vibration

WANG Di-song, LI Zhen-feng1, PU Hong-jie, LU Yong

2016, 28(11): 1941-1946. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.21

Abstract ( 851 )

HTML ( 0 )

PDF (1164KB) ( 1602 )

The study was conducted by knocking on watermelon for its’ vibration test with self-designed vibration test system, from which the frequency response function(FRF) of watermelon was obtained. The prediction mathematical model of watermelon’s growth period was established by using the first response frequency(f₁), the second response frequency(f₂) and the third response frequency(f₃) of FRF, respectively. The determination coefficients R² of the three models were high. All the f₁, f₂ and f₃ response frequency were selected to establish multivariate nonlinear regression model which could predict watermelon’s growth period. The determination coefficient R² of the model could reach 0.830, the root mean square error RMSE decreased to 2.095. The establishment of the model provides a theoretical reference for the on-line nondestructive testing of watermelon’s growth period.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

A method for recognizing potato’s bud eye

TIAN Hai-tao, ZHAO Jun, PU Fu-peng

2016, 28(11): 1947-1953. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.22

Abstract ( 934 )

HTML ( 4 )

PDF (1691KB) ( 1720 )

In order to explore automatic seed cutting of potato and potato bud eye recognition, the present paper reported a relevant approach based on machine vision. It used camera to collect images, and computer to process images. In the part of image segmentation, it utilized Euclidean distance to segment the region of bud eye in color space. Then, the dynamic threshold segmentation was carried out after image filtering and intensification, to segment bud eyes in gray space. At last, it combined the two segmentation part, and used mathematical morphology to label bud eye out. It was shown that in color space, the recognition accuracy rate was 62%, and in gray space, the recognition accuracy rate was 89%. Combined together, the recognition accuracy rate was 96%. The proposed method exhibited high recognition accuracy rate, acceptable robustness and intact boundary of bud eye, which laid theoretical foundation for automatic seed cutting of potato.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Analysis of the development situation of German characteristic agricultural industry and its inspiration to China: Taking apiculture as the case

ZHANG She-mei, SUN Zhan-li

2016, 28(11): 1954-1961. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.11.23

Abstract ( 827 )

HTML ( 1 )

PDF (1097KB) ( 1590 )

Taking German apiculture as the case, this paper presented the features of German characteristic agricultural industry development from industrial organization structure, technical strut, quality control and industrial function extension. Then, the difficulties and challenges of Chinese apiculture was analyzed, a condensed conclusion to the inspiration of German apiculture development to China was analyzed. Result showed that Chinese apiculture was experiencing a time of transformation when the comparative effectiveness was declining and the small-scaled beekeepers were dropping out, thus, to promote the development of Chinese apiculture industry, China should develop beekeeper cooperative organizations vigorously and strengthen the integration of production, learning and research while building a quality control system in the full industry chain as well as developing more varieties of function of Chinese apiculture.

References | Related Articles | Metrics

Archive