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    Crop Science
    Application of the technology of CRISPR/Cas9 edit rice gene
    YUAN Wenxia, WANG Xuming, LI Dongyue, ZHOU Jie, YAN Chengqi, CHEN Jianping
    2017, 29(5):  685-693.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.01
    Abstract ( 729 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1506KB) ( 1637 )  
    In this study, the CRISPR/Cas9 vector system was optimized in order to construct gene editing constructors in two steps. With optimized CRISPR/Cas9 system, three genome editing constructors targeting different sites of D3 gene in rice (Oryza sativa L. spp. Japonica cv. Nipponbare) were generated, and the transgenic plants were successfully produced by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The sequencing results of T0 transgenic plants showed that the mutation rate of target site DDRC1 was 35.48%, and five mutation types were detected; the mutation rate of target site DDRC2 was 25.00%, and also with five mutation types; the mutation rate of target site DDRC3 was 20.00%, and only one mutation type was detected. The phenotype, height and tiller number, together with the genotypes of homozygous mutants were investigated, and the gene editing efficiency of the optimized CRISPR/Cas9 system along with the position effect and mutation patterns were also analyzed and discussed. In summary, the findings in this research provided important information for further developing and utilizing of rice germplasm on variety agronomic trait with the optimized CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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    Development of a reference plasmid of genetically modified rapeseed Ms8
    YU Xiaobo, SHA Yuebing, ZHANG Jiangdong, ZHAO Lei, CHEN Yi, SUI Zhiwei
    2017, 29(5):  694-700.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.02
    Abstract ( 529 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1326KB) ( 1388 )  
    With the commercialization of genetically modified organism (GMO) and large scale of rapeseed imported to China, it was essential to manage and control existing risks. In this paper, genetically modified rapeseed Ms8 was prepared including analysis on preparation, purity, homogeneity, stability and certified value. The results showed that the homogeneity of endogenous gene and exogenous gene of reference molecule was well. No other selective specific gene had been amplified by PCR. Short term stability of reference molecule was obviously changed which were stored at room temperature for 14 days, and long term stability of reference molecule was more than 6 months. The certified value of exogenous gene of reference molecule determined by microspectrophotometric method and digital PCR method was similar. Thus, pMs8 can be used as reference material, and the reference molecule is suitable for the rapid identification of modified rapeseed Ms8 in unknown samples.
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    Effect of different nursery substrates on growth of olive container-seedlings
    ZHU Shenlong, WANG Weilong, YU Xiaomin, JIN Hangxia, FU Yulou, QIU Yueheng
    2017, 29(5):  701-707.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.03
    Abstract ( 430 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (750KB) ( 1429 )  
    The effects of five substitutes on ten agronomic traits of container-seedlings of olive including survival rate, number of new produced root, plant height, stem base diameter, root length, number of new shoots, fresh and dry weight of above-ground and underground parts of plant, dickson quality index(DQI) of olive were evaluated under plastic greenhouse condition. The results showed that the combination of soil and coconut coir dust with 3∶1 ratio was the ideal substrate for annual container-seedlings of olive, favorable for the growth of shoots, roots as well as leaves of the young seedlings. Seedlings grown in the substrate had higher survival rate and better DQI, while the pure coco chip was very unfavorable for olive seedling growth due to its strong acidity, suggesting that it was not suitable for use as a substrate. Under the substrate (the combination of soil and coconut coir dust with 3∶1 ratio), the annual olive seedling could grow up to 76.2 cm in height, 6.25 mm in the stem base diameter, and 5.27 new shoots in plastic green house, which was accorded with the seedling standard of the stage. Moreover, the seedling height grew fast in spring and fall, and slow in summer and winter. The stem base diameter thickening showed relatively fast in early and late periods, relatively slow in middle period. Shoot began to accelerate the pumping speed in the autumn when the seedling height reached a certain level. In addition, the effectiveness of parameters related to quality evaluation of olive container-seedlings was also discussed in the paper.
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    Analysis on combining ability of yield related traits in Wen-xuan restorer lines in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    MA Guohua, XU Xiuru, ZHANG Honghua, LOU Jue
    2017, 29(5):  708-716.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.04
    Abstract ( 523 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (792KB) ( 1358 )  
    Seven CMS lines and five indicate restorer lines such as Wen-hui 365 and Wen-hui 485 were chosen to analyze the combining ability of seven traits in 35 F1 combinations by the way of genetic mating design of North Carollina Ⅱ.It was found that Wen-hui 365 was an ideal restorer line for making heterotic hybrid, and R117 and Wen-hui 485 were also valuable restorer materials, and Xin-lu A/R845 was the combination showing the highest grain yield per plant among the 35 combinations. The genetic basis of the variation of yield traits in the combinations was analyzed in a random model. The results showed that the genetic variation of the productive panicle per plant was mainly caused by the non additive effect, while those of grain yield per plant, spikelet per panicle, filled grain per panicle, 1 000-grain weight, panicle length and plant height were mainly caused by additive effects. The narrow heritabilities of plant height and 1 000-grain weight were high (80%). The narrow heritabilities of panicle length, spikelet per panicle and filled grains per panicle were medium (50%). And the narrow heritabilities of productive panicle per plant and grain yield per plant were low (8%).
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    Effects of returning amount and way of wheat straw on maize planting and seedling quality and photosynthetic parameters in lime concretion black soil field
    GUO Jing, ZHOU Kejin
    2017, 29(5):  717-721.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.05
    Abstract ( 517 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (758KB) ( 1404 )  
    In order to select the appropriate returning amount and manner of wheat straw in lime concretion black soil, split-plot experiment was conducted with maize Zhengdan958 as experimental material, and seedling quality and photosynthetic parameters were measured. The treatments were as follows: no-tillage with 2/3 straw retention (Treatment 1), rotary tillage with 2/3 straw retention (Treatment 2), deep tillage with 2/3 straw retention (Treatment 3), no-tillage with whole quantity straw retention (Treatment 4), rotary tillage with whole quantity straw retention (Treatment 5) and deep tillage with whole quantity straw retention (Treatment 6). It was shown that the seedling number, planting depth and uniformity, the seedling height and uniformity of Treatment 3 were the highest, of which the photosynthetic parameters such as leaf area index (LAI) at middle and late growth stage and the area of three ear-leaves and chlorophyll content in leaves were significantly (P<0.01) higher than other treatments. Statistical analysis indicated that the seedling quality and photosynthetic parameters of 2/3 straw retention were higher than those of whole quantity straw retention. Under the same straw retention amount, the seedling quality and photosynthetic parameters of deep tillage were higher than those of rotary tillage and no-tillage. In general, deep tillage with 2/3 straw retention showed the best returning efficiency.
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    Animal Science
    DNA methylation status of imprinted genes in prepubertal porcine testis
    CHEN Xi, YANG Fang, LI Jie, BAI Lipeng, LI Danting, CAO Suizhong, SHEN Liuhong, YU Shumin
    2017, 29(5):  722-728.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.06
    Abstract ( 500 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (811KB) ( 1365 )  
    To determine the DNA methylation status of imprinted genes in the prepubertal porcine testis, we chose the testis tissues of 1, 2 and 3 months old pigs, and detected the methylation levels of eight imprinted porcine genes on the basis of the genome-wide DNA methylation profile of prepubertal porcine testis, using the method of MeDIP-seq. The results demonstrated that DIRAS3, IGF2, IGF2R, MEST, NAP1L5, NNAT, PEG10 and PLAGL1, all these eight imprinted genes showed low methylation levels with “unmethylated” or “partially methylated” status. The methylation levels of NNAT and PLAGL1 promoters increased from one month old (T1) to three months old (T3); the methylation levels of NAP1L5 and IGF2R promoters decreased from T1 to two months old (T2) but increased from T2 to T3; while the methylation levels of DIRAS3, IGF2, MEST and PEG10 promoters increased from T1 to T2 but decreased from T2 to T3. Besides, we only aligned 4 gene bodies from the methylation profile, and the methylation levels of IGF2R and MEST gene bodies decreased from T1 to T3, while the methylation levels of PLAGL1 and PEG10 gene bodies increased from T1 to T2 but decreased from T2 to T3. It can be postulated from the results that these eight imprinted genes may be active during the development of prepubertal porcine testis, and DNA methylation may play a role in regulation of imprinted genes.
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    Prediction and validation of miRNA targeting chicken Stra8 gene
    WANG Yingjie, ZUO Qisheng, ZHANG Liangliang, ZHANG Wenhui, JIN Jing, WANG Fei, JI Yanqin, JIN Kai, HE Nana, LI Bichun, ZHANG Yani
    2017, 29(5):  729-736.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.07
    Abstract ( 619 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1887KB) ( 1420 )  
    This paper was aimed to clone 3’UTR of Stra8 gene of Rugao yellow chicken, and predicted the microRNAs (miRNA) targeting the gene to provide theoretical basis for further function study of Stra8 in the process of embryonic stem cells differentiation into the male germ cell mediated by miRNAs. 3'UTR of Stra8 was cloned by 3'RACE based on primers designed from cDNA of Gallus gallus in NCBI, then the vectors of Luciferase expression and mutation was constructed. Targetscan bioinformatics database was used to predict the prospective miRNAs targeting to Stra8 and synthesize miRNA mimics. The candidate miRNA mimics and the vectors of Stra8-3’UTR were transiently co-transfected with into DF-1 cells, and pRL-TK vector was used as an internal control reporter. The dual-luciferase reporter assay system was used to evaluate the activity of luciferase. The results showed that 3'UTR of Stra8 was cloned. Four miRNAs has been predicted that targeting to Stra8 by using the online bioinformatics database and their lentiviral vectors were constructed successfully. Dual luciferase activity test results showed that gga-miR-1a,gga-miR-31,gga-miR-218 can inhibit gene expression of Stra8, but inhibitor of gga-miR-31 was the best. The gga-miR-31 could significantly inhibit expression of Stra8, the results will provide references for the investigation on Stra8 gene regulatory networks in male germ cell differentiation.
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    Effect of compound Chinese medicine preparation on the antioxidant function in serum of SD rats
    ZHOU Jinxing, JIN Erhui, LIU Wenju, ZHANG Chaochao, WANG Sifei, JIN Guangming
    2017, 29(5):  737-743.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.08
    Abstract ( 517 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (771KB) ( 1509 )  
    To study the effects of compound traditional Chinese medicine preparation, which consists of Radix astragali, Radix isatidis, Fried atractylodes, Poria cocos, orange peel, hawthorn, liquorice and yam on the T-AOC, T-SOD, GSH-Px activity and MDA content in serum of SD rats. 150 SD rats (SPF animal) were randomly divided into control group, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mL·kg-1 treatment group with 15, 45, 45, 45 SD rats, respectively. The rats of different treatment groups were administered using gavage methods according to dosage 3.0 mL·kg-1 distilled water for control group, and 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 mL·kg-1 compound traditional Chinese medicine preparation (containing raw herbs 1 g·mL-1) for treatment groups, respectively. Rats were regularly weighed and given medicine or distilled water by gavage every day. On the 10th, 30th and 60th day of the experiment, 5 rats fasted and banned water for 10 h were selected in every experiment group to be weighed and picked blood from the heart, for isolating serum sample to measure T-AOC, T-SOD, GSH-Px activities and MDA content. The results showed that on the experimental 10th, 30th and 60th day, the T-AOC activity in 3.0 mL·kg-1 and 6.0 mL·kg-1 group significantly (P<0.05) or extremely significantly increased (P<0.01), and the MDA contents in 3.0 mL·kg-1 and 6.0 mL·kg-1 group significantly (P<0.05) or extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01), compared with the control group on the same day. On the 30th and 60th day, the T-SOD activity in 3.0 mL·kg-1 group significantly increased (P<0.05), and the GSH-Px activity in 6.0 mL·kg-1 group significantly increased (P<0.05), compared with the control group. Compound traditional Chinese medicine preparation could significantly improve the SD rats' antioxidant function. The optimum dosage of compound traditional Chinese medicine preparation to rats was 3.0 mL·kg-1 by gavage methods.
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    Nocardia seriolae infection in the African catfish Clarias gariepinus
    WANG Fang, CHANG Ouqin, YAN Yuanyi, JIANG Lan, LIU Chun, LI Kaibin
    2017, 29(5):  744-750.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.09
    Abstract ( 447 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1458KB) ( 1387 )  
    Nocardiosis is a long-term and problematic bacterial disease that can infect many kinds of culture fishes and cause great economic losses to the aquaculture. The nodular disease was identificated in pond farming African catfish Clarias gariepinus. The fish were dark in color, some presented with skin ulceration, and the off-white nodules dispersed throughout the internal organs, such as liver and kidney. Many typical granuloma were characterized under the light microscope via wet mount preparations, and the bacteria were observed clustedred together in bright red after acid fast stain onto a slides. Histopathology revealed nodular lesion in internal organs, and associated with different degrees of pathologic lesion. A characteristic bacterial strain were isolated, which could experimently infect African catfish and induce histopathological changes similar to the natural cases. Based on the biological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, the isolated bacteria were identified as Nocardia seriolae. To our knowledge, this was the first report of nocardiosis in African catfish, it might be closely relate to the breeding pattern of the fish in south China.
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    Isolation, cultivation and identification of canine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro
    LI Jie, BAI Lipeng, CHEN Xi, YANG Fang, SHEN Liuhong, CAO Suizhong, ZUO Zhicai, REN Zhihua, MA Xiaoping, YU Shumin
    2017, 29(5):  751-759.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.10
    Abstract ( 545 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (2015KB) ( 1452 )  
    In order to explore which way can be more efficient and faster to isolate, culture and identifiy the canine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro, the BMSCs were isolated in vitro by whole bone marrow differential velocity adherent and density gradient centrifugation. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were used to examine the surface markers of the cells, and induced their differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes. The results showed that canine BMSCs were successfully cultivated by whole bone marrow differential velocity adherent and density gradient centrifugation. Compared with the former, primary cells from the latter method was more uniform after cultivation, and cost shorter time for primary cells proliferation into full confluency along with higher survival rate. The growth curves of undifferentiated cells in P3 and P8 were similar from the both methods. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry showed that CD105, CD90 and CD29 were expressed in the cells and could be induced into osteoblasts and adipocytes, respectively, while CD34 and CD31 were not expressed. These results indicated that canine BMSCs could be isolated and cultivated by the both methods, and the density gradient centrifugation method was better compared to the whole bone marrow differential velocity adherent.
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    Horticultural Science
    Effects of exogenous fatty acids on growth and rhizosphere soil of pepper plants
    ZHANG Fujian, CHEN Yu, WU Chaoqun, XIAO Chen, WU Caijun, YANG Youxin
    2017, 29(5):  760-766.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.11
    Abstract ( 559 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1151KB) ( 1591 )  
    To investigate the effects of palmitic acid and oleic acid on the pepper plant growth, the rhizosphere soil microorganism and enzyme activities, pot experiments were performed to investigate the exogenous fatty acids function on the growth of pepper plants and soil environment, including three treatments (palmitic acid, oleic acid and control without any fatty acid added to the soil). The results showed that palmitic acid and oleic acid added to soil could promote growth and development of pepper plants, and improve rhizosphere soil microorganism. The palmitic acid treatment significantly promoted the growth of pepper plants, including plant height, stem diameter, biomass, and photosynthesis compared with the control. At the same time, the palmitic acid and oleic acid treatment increased the rhizosphere actinomycetes and bacteria, reduced the number of fungi, accompanying with increasing of polyphenol oxidase, urease and invertase activity. The two treatments increased pH value and decreased electrical conductivity of the rhizosphere soil. Therefore, soil added with palmitic acid and oleic acid promoted pepper growth and improved its soil environment.
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    Effect of aeroponics on root growth and nutrient absorption in tomato
    ZHAO Xu, LIU Yanzhi, WANG Jing, LI Tianlai, SUN Zhouping
    2017, 29(5):  767-772.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.12
    Abstract ( 616 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (928KB) ( 1400 )  
    Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Liaoyuanduoli) were treated by aeroponical culture and perlite culture was used as the control. The results showed that the rhizosphere O2 of aeroponic tomato was 14.7% higher while CO2 concentration was only about 1/10 of the control plants. Aeroponics significantly promoted the root growth and nutrient absorption of tomato. The root length, root volume, root activity and nitrate reductase activity of tomato under aeroponical culture on 60 days after transplanting was increased by 66.0%, 63.0%, 34.9% and 30.5% than that of the control plants. The content of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in roots and fruits of aeroponic plants was significantly higher than that of the control plants, which were 1.8, 1.5, 1.4, 1.4, and 1.2 times of the control plants, respectively. The results indicated that the aeroponic culture significantly improved rhizosphere gas environment through increasing O2 content and reducing CO2 content. Aeroponic culture promoted the root growth and nutrient absorption at the same time, and then enhanced plant nutrition transferring to the ground part.
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    Effect of different CaCl2 treatments on preservation of Iris ensata cut flower
    YU Xiaomeng, HAO Hongjuan, WANG Dan, WANG Ling
    2017, 29(5):  773-781.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.13
    Abstract ( 485 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1329KB) ( 1416 )  
    Taking Iris ensata cut flower whose single florescence was 2 d as the main test material, different CaCl2 was used to study the preservation effect and physiological response of Iris ensata cut flower. After pre-treatment at 4 ℃ for 24 h in 30 mg·L-1 sucrose+250 mg·L-1 8-HQ+1000 mg·L-1 CaCl2, the results showed that CaCl2 played a certain role in prolonging vase life of Iris ensata cut flowers. The vase life of the first flower was prolonged to 6.3 d, about 3.7 d longer than the control group. Two buds of I. ensata cut flower could bloom normally and the whole vase life could be 11 d. Meanwhile, it had a good effect on increasing the fresh weight of flower stem, reducing the degradation rate of soluble protein, enhancing the activities of SOD and inhibiting the increase of MDA in I. ensata cut flower.
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    Comparison on the drought-resistance of five ornamental crabapple cultivars
    LI Chunlan, YANG Yonghua, YANG Zhenkun, WANG Jinqiu, LIAO Weibiao
    2017, 29(5):  782-790.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.14
    Abstract ( 726 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (2515KB) ( 1720 )  
    The drought resistance of five cultivars of Chinese flowering crabapple including Royalty, Dolgo, Hopa, Pink Spires and Adams was comprehensively evaluated by subordinative function method under continous drought stress. The results of the study revealed that the retention capability of five crabapple cultivars under drought stress decreased in the order of Royalty>Hopa>Dolgo>Pink Spires>Adams. The descend range of chlorophyll content of Adams and Hopa was the minimum; the second was the Royalty; the descend range in Dolgo and Pink Spires was the maximum. The free proline accumulation was the maximum in Royalty and Adams; the second was Dolgo and Pink Spires; Hopa was the minimum. The accumulation of soluble protein in Pink Spires and Adams was the maximum and significantly higher than that in Dolgo, Royalty and Hopa. The accumulation of soluble sugar in Dolgo and Hopa was the largest; Pink Spires was the least. The accumulation of malondialdehyde in Dolgo was the highest; the second was Royalty, Hopa and Pink Spires; Adams was the least. The activity of superoxide dismutase showed as follows: Adams>Pink Spires>Royalty>Dolgo>Hopa. The activity of peroxidase showed as follows: Royalty>Hopa>Pink Spires>Dolgo>Adams. The activity of catalase in Royalty and Adam was significantly higher than that of other cultivars. The drought resistances of 5 cultivars were comprehensively evaluated by subordinative function method and their drought resistances were shown to decrease in the order of Royalty, Hopa, Pink Spires, Adams and Dolgo.
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    Plant Protection
    The impacts of cultivated rice varieties and climates on rice blast disease epidemics
    WANG Daoze, HONG Wenying, WU Yanjun, CHEN Rui, HU Xuanxiang
    2017, 29(5):  791-798.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.15
    Abstract ( 569 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (911KB) ( 1677 )  
    The rice blast disease epidemics are closely related with the cultivated rice varieties, genetic diversity of Magnaporthe grisea and climate. Therefore, monitoring and analyzing the impacts of cultivated rice varieties and climate factors on rice blast disease will provide valuable information for rice blast control. By investigating rice blast disease on main cultivated rice varieties within Hangzhou city, we found great differences in both rice varieties and farming area during 2015-2016 year. Remarkably, Japonica rice was more susceptible to blast than indica rice. Second, the dominant japonica rice including Zhejing 88 was highly infested by rice blast in plain area. Furthermore, rice blast continuously occurred in indica rice as Zhongzheyou 1 in the eastern mountain area with high moisture and lack of sunlight. Last, rice blast severely happened at large area with multiple rice varieties in 2015, but was moderate in 2016. Based on the rice blast monitoring and climate data during 2011-2015, we mathematically analyzed the correlation between epidemic and climate factors, and modelled the correlation between epidemic and grain lost. Our results showed strong correlation among epidemic, grain lost and climate factors such as temperature, moisture, rainfall, sunlight, which had been verified to be reliable models and could be further used for the prediction of rice blast epidemic. This study suggested that adjusting rice varieties structure according to the rice blast monitoring data together with the proper prevention approaches responding to climate conditions was a useful tool for the sustainable control of rice blast disease.
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    Optimization of fermentation technology of biocontrol bacterium Bacillus subtilis 210 by response surface analysis
    ZOU Gaoxi, ZHAO Chuntian, QIU Juanping
    2017, 29(5):  799-805.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.16
    Abstract ( 521 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1734KB) ( 1633 )  
    In order to increase the spore yield, the fermentation technology of Bacillus subtilis 210 with antifungal activity was optimized. It was shown that the main factors influencing spore production were doses of corn flour, peptone and KH2PO4. The optimal fermentation medium was as follows: corn flour 10.75 g·L-1, soybean meal 9.00 g·L-1, peptone 6.97 g·L-1, KH2PO4 0.66 g·L-1, NaCl 4.00 g·L-1, MgSO4·7H2O 0.60 g·L-1, CaCl2 3.00 g·L-1 and MnSO4·H2O 0.60 g·L-1. Based on the single factor optimization experiment results, the optimal culture conditions were as follows∶culture temperature 31 ℃,fluid volume 30 mL·250 mL-1,inoculum size 4%. With the optimal fermentation condition, the spore yield of Bacillus subtilis 210 reached 1.64×1010 cfu·mL-1, and was increased by 6.5 fold as compared with the spore yield before fermentation technology optimization.
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    Environmental Science
    Influence of land use changes on soil organic carbon distribution in agricultural soils
    YU Zhoulu, QIU Lefeng, LIN Lin
    2017, 29(5):  806-811.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.17
    Abstract ( 565 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1205KB) ( 1514 )  
    In the present study, geo-statistic method and GIS were combined to reveal the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC) in 0-20 cm soil layer. It was shown that the mean SOC in Fuyang District was 17.3 g·kg-1 in 1979 and 18.5 g·kg-1 in 2006. Geo-statistical analysis indicated that SOC had a moderate spatial correlation. Different land use types had significantly influence on soil fertility levels. SOC content of different land use types decreased as vegetable land>forest land>paddy field>dry land>unused land>orchard. The main driving force of SOC variation in the study area was the management measures of different land use types. The treatment of wastewater, wastes, and use of manure and chemical fertilizers directly influenced SOC content in soil. These results could provide references for SOC management.
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    Isolation, identification of a Cd-resistant strain N-17 and its potential in enhancing cadmium accumulation by Brassica juncea
    DU Dongxia, DU Yu, XU Jun, YIN Hongmei, HE Yuelin
    2017, 29(5):  812-817.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.18
    Abstract ( 459 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (859KB) ( 1422 )  
    A Cd-resistant strain N-17, with siderophore-producing, nitrogen-fixing and CdCO3-solubilizing capacity, was isolated from paddy soil with Cd pollution. Combined with the colony morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, N-17 was identified as Burkholderia sp. A pot experiment was done to investigate the effect of N-17 on phytoremediation of Cd polluted soil by Brassica juncea. It was shown that this strain could significantly increase the content of exchangeable cadmium in contaminated soil. Compared with control, the biomass and plant height of Brassica juncea inoculated with N-17 was increased by 9.41% and 20.2%, respectively. The cadmium content in aboveground and root of Brassica juncea inoculated with N-17 was increased by 49% and 67%, respectively.
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    Effect of rotation tillage on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity of broccoli
    YANG Zifeng, CHEN Weiqiang, WANG Wei, LI Wanyi, HE Xianbiao, YANG Xiangtian
    2017, 29(5):  818-823.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.19
    Abstract ( 585 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (600KB) ( 1661 )  
    In order to study the effects of crop rotation patterns on soil microbes and enzyme activities, “broccoli-free” rotation was used as control, and “broccoli-pumpkin”, 1 a rotation of “broccoli-early rice” and 2 a rotation of “broccoli-early rice” were selected. Microorganism and enzyme activity of soil were tested before broccoli planting and after harvest. Before broccoli planting, the quantity of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were the highest in“broccoli-pumpkin” rotation soil. After broccoli harvest, the quantity of bacteria and fungi was the highest in 2 a rotation of “broccoli-early rice” soil, while the quantify of actinomycetes was the highest in 1 a “broccoli-early rice” rotation soil. Before broccoli planting, soil microbial biomass nitrogen was the highest in 1 a rotation of “broccoli-early rice”. After broccoli harvest, soil microbial biomass nitrogen and carbon were the highest in 2 a rotation of “broccoli-early rice” soil. Before broccoli planting, soil urease activity was the highest in 2 a rotation of “broccoli-early rice” rotation. After broccoli harvest, soil urease and sucrase activity were both the highest in 2 a rotation of “broccoli-early rice”soil. In conclusion, compared with the other 3 rotation modes, 2 a rotation of “broccoli-early rice” could effectively improve soil microbial environment and promote soil enzyme activity in broccoli cultivation land.
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    Food Science
    Comparison and analysis of nucleoside, cordycepic acid and amino acid content in insect body and stroma of Cordyceps gryllotalpae
    YE Riying, WANG Yaling, HOU Hongwei, ZHANG Chunhui, SUN Lijun, XU Defeng
    2017, 29(5):  824-830.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.20
    Abstract ( 487 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1307KB) ( 1471 )  
    In order to detect nucleoside, cordycepic acid and amino acid contents in insect body and stroma of Cordyceps gryllotalpae, ultrasound technology was used in extracting water-soluble constituents of C. gryllotalpae, and HPLC detection system was established and used in detecting nucleoside, cordycepic acid and amino acid were detected respectively by spectrophotometer and automatic amino acid analyzer. The result showed that recovery of nucleoside detection was 95.73%-99.00%, the accuracy of appearance time was 0.05%-0.14%, the accuracy of peak area was 0.12%-0.84%, contents of uridine, inosine, vernine and adenosine of insect body and stroma were respectively 2.86, 0.43, 2.12, 0.17 and 3.53, 0.89, 3.51, 1.39 mg·g-1. Recovery of cordycepic acid detection was 98.29%, cordycepic acid content in insect body and stroma were 109.64 and 127.46 mg·g-1, and amino acid score of them were 56.3 and 62.8,essential amino acid index of them were 81.9 and 115.4. The result indicated that contents of nucleoside, cordycepic acid and nutritive value of protein in stroma were all more tnan those in insect body.
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    Moisture retentiveness, pyrolysis productions and biological safety of polysaccharides extracts from Sargassum horneri in cut tobacco
    HUANG Fangfang, YIN Jie, YAN Zhipeng, XIAO Weiqiang, BI Yiming, YANG Yanqin, ZHOU Guojun, NIU Fangfang, YANG Jun
    2017, 29(5):  831-839.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.21
    Abstract ( 448 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1429KB) ( 1522 )  
    Four kinds of polysaccharide including water extract (A), ethanol extract (B), radial flow-chromatography extract (C), and chemical deproteinization (D) were obtained from Sargassum horneri and added to the cut tobacco. The physical moisturizing property and biological safety were detected. In addition, the pyrolysis products of the four kinds of polysaccharides were analyzed by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The results showed that the polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri could effectively reduce the change of moisture content in tobacco under high humidity or low humidity condition. The moisturizing performance of polysaccharide extract A was the best within 6 h, followed by extract D. The pyrolysis products of the polysaccharide extracts were mainly heterocyclic, ketone and furfural. The tobacco smoke increased with the addition of the extract, and the taste of the smoked tobacco was improved to some extent, which indicated that the polysaccharide extract was a potential natural security protection.
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    Effects and risk assessment of imazalil treatment on grape storage
    ZHANG Hao, ZHANG Yiwen, LING Shuping, ZHANG Liang, CHEN Ruoxia, WU Yinliang, ZHU Yong
    2017, 29(5):  840-844.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.22
    Abstract ( 568 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (851KB) ( 1743 )  
    In order to explore the effect of imazalil on grape storage, grapes were treated with varied concentrations of imazalil, and then were stored. It was shown that imazalil was favorable to keep grape quality, as soluble solids content and titratable acidity content were not reduced during storage, and it was able to inhibit the propagation of moulds. Chronic dietary intake risk and acute dietary intake risk of imazalil residues in grape were assessed. For either 250 mg·L-1 or 500 mg·L-1 imazalil treatment, both chronic and acute dietary intake risks in grape were below 100%, which indicated low pesticide residue risk.
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    Biosystems Engineering
    Nitrogen content inversion of rice leaf based on the hyperspectral data
    ZHANG Guosheng, XU Tongyu, YU Fenghua, CHEN Chunling, WANG Yang
    2017, 29(5):  845-849.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.23
    Abstract ( 537 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (948KB) ( 1690 )  
    Non-destructive, rapid and accurate monitoring of nitrogen nutrition of rice leaf at spikingstage is significant in estimating crop reproductive growth, enhancing nitrogen management and use efficiency. In this study, the field experiments were carried out and the hyperspectral data of rice canopy was acquired at the same time by the unmanned aerial vehicle. The relationship between nitrogen content and hyperspectral data was analyzed. The result showed that the leaf nitrogen content at tillering stage had good correlation with the normalized differential vegetation index. The regression model can be established.
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    Agricultural Economy and Development
    Influence of agricultural science and technology innovation investment on new rural economic development: Taking Hangzhou as an example
    LYU Yuezhen, SHAO Yongxin, QIAN Ye, PAN Yang
    2017, 29(5):  850-856.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.05.24
    Abstract ( 623 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (832KB) ( 1560 )  
    Agricultural science and technology innovation was the main supporting force to promote rural economy and modern agriculture, it had very important influence on the new rural economic development. The factor analysis method was used to extract the new rural economic indicators by dimensionality reduction, and get two principal component factors of new rural economic development were obtained. Then, correlation between agricultural science and technology innovation input, the new rural economic development comprehensive index and specific index were tested using Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed that: (1) Investment of agricultural science and technology innovation was positively correlated with the new rural economic output and input level, the living level of farmers significantly. (2) Investment of agricultural science and technology innovation was positively correlated with the per capita of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery output value, rural fixed assets investment, rural retail sales of consumer goods, per capita disposable income of rural residents at 99% confidence level by each other, the correlation coefficients were all above 0.85; while, it was negatively correlated with per capita grain, per capita cotton at 99% confidence level by each other, and the correlation coefficients were all above 0.85. There was no significant correlation between investment of agricultural science and technology innovation and per capita rapeseed, per capita freshwater production, total power of agricultural machinery. In conclusion, the increase of investment of agricultural science and technology innovation would promote the development of new rural economy and improve the living standards of farmers. Finally, some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward to promote the development of the new rural economy from the aspects of perfecting the policy system, increasing the investment of capital and intelligence, guiding the development of investment and financing and encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship.
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