Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

Effects of returning amount and manner of wheat straw on maize growth in lime concretion black soil field

GUO Jing, ZHOU Kejin, LIU Fang, CHEN Lin, ZHA Daogui

2017, 29(4): 521-527. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.01

Abstract ( 528 )

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To explore the suitable straw returning amount and manner in lime concretion black soil field, the experiment including 9 treatments with different level combinations of 2 test factors was performed on growth of maize cultivar Zhengdan 958. The indexes determined included plant height, ratio of dry weight to length of 4th internode, photosynthesis indexes, root number and weight, ear characters and yield. It was shown that the treatment of 2/3 straw amount returning with deep ploughing up led to the best straw returning effect and the highest yield, of which all indexes were higher or significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of other treatments. The treatment of 2/3 straw amount returning with shallow rotary tillage was next in rank. While the treatment of whole quantity returning with directly covering revealed the worst performance and the lowest yield. The variance analysis of each index indicated that 2/3 straw amount returning was significantly (P<0.01) better than 1/2 straw amount and the whole quantity, and the whole quantity was the worst straw returning amount. Deep ploughing showed significantly (P<0.01) better effect on maize growth than that of the shallow rotary tillage and directly covering after crushing, and directly covering performed the worst. So, 2/3 straw amount returning with deep ploughing up should be extensively promoted in lime concretion black soil field.

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Application of imidacloprid coating over the seeds of oilseed rape Ⅱ. Effects on the oilseed rape development

HUANG Fang, LI Dongfu, WU Hongping, HAO Zhongping

2017, 29(4): 528-533. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.02

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Effects of imidacloprid (Gaucho) coating on aphids in fields of oilseed rape were studied. Seeds were treated by Gaucho in different ratios of 1∶5, 1∶25 and 1∶125 (weight of chemicals versus seeds). The results showed that vegetative growth (plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, chlorophyll contents and plant weight) at seedling-stage and reproductive growth at flowering-stage (flower size, flower weight, proline/soluble protein/ soluble sugar and starch contents in the flowers) were not significantly affected by treatments; but the fruiting was significantly inhibited, i.e. empty pods were increased as the treated concentration elevated, size/weight/ seeds of pods together with the seeds weight were significantly decreased. Results above suggested that imidacloprid as a seed-coating agent could significantly affect the fruiting, but showed no effect on the seedling and flowering of oilseed rape.

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Isolation, identification and drug resistance detection of a calf Klebsiella pneumoniae strain

MENG Zhengqun, LENG Yiyi, REN Meishen, LIU Yadong, WANG Yin, YAO Xueping, YANG Zexiao

2017, 29(4): 534-541. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.03

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A gram-negative bacillus was isolated and purified from the lung of a died calf, and was identified by morphological and cultured characteristics, biochemical tests, 16S rDNA gene sequencing, pathogenicity tests, and drug sensitivity tests. Then its drug-resistance genes were detected and analyzed by PCR methods using 7 pairs of primers for drug-resistance genes that produce carbapenemase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs) etc. The results showed that this isolate was identified as cow-derived Klebsiella pneumoniae, which was pathogenic to mice. Its 16S rDNA gene sequence shared 99% homology with Klebsiella pneumoniae gene sequences published in GenBank. The isolate was highly resistant with penbritin, cefuroxime, co-trimoxazole and erythromycin, while sensitive to the gross antibiotics such as carbapenems and the fourth generation cephalosporin. A resistance gene fragment about 862 bp in the length of SHV gene was amplified by PCR, which had a 99.3% homology with published SHV-1 gene sequences in GenBank. The cow-derived Klebsiella pneumoniae strain had strong virulence and drug-resistance, and its drug-resistant phenotype was consistent with the drug-resistant testing results.

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Constructing gE, gI and US9 gene deletion strain of pseudorabies virus

FAN Yi, LI Bi, GUO Wanzhu, LI Ping, HUANG Jianbo, YANG Fan, JIANG Ziyi, ZHAO Jun, XU Siyao, DENG Yichao, YIN Yue, MAO Xiyu, LYU Wenting, XU Zhiwen, ZHU Ling

2017, 29(4): 542-547. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.04

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Pseudorabies virus (PRV), a member of Herpes virus has an extremely broad range in nature and threatens the pig-industry development in our country. To explore the mechanism of nerve conduction of PRV, a virus mutant with a deletion in gE, gI and US9 genes was constructed. Plasmid of PP63 and pseudorabies virus Fa strain genomic DNA were co-transfected into BHK-21 cells by using Lipofectamine 3000 transfection reagent, and a recombinant virus with the deletion of gI/gE/US9 , named SA215-T, was screened and purified by plaque assay. PCR, gene sequencing. Western Blot, electron microscope and growth curve were used for identification of the deletion of genes, and features of the recombinant. The results showed that SA215-T was with effective deletion of gI and gE gene by PCR,and was absent in the expression of gE gene by Western Blot. There were no obvious differences in the morphology and growth curve of the recombinant virus as compared to its parental virus, they both achieved a high viral titer in cells.

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Changes of GH, INS, HC, TGF-β1 and IGF-1 levels in cows’ serum during milk withdrawal period

SHEN Liuhong, WU Xiaofeng, XIAO Jinbang, JIANG Sixun, DENG Junliang, ZUO Zhicai, FU Hongqing, CAO Suizhong, YU Shumin, ZHANG Yourui

2017, 29(4): 548-554. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.05

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In order to explore the changes and correlation among the levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin (INS), hydrocortisone (HC), TGF-β1 and IGF-1 in cows’ serum during the period of milk withdrawal. Twenty healthy Chinese Holstein cows in late pregnancy that gave (15.43±2.10) kg milk per day were used, which were ready to dry milk. The day when cows began to dry milk was recorded as the 0 d. The cows’ venous blood from the tail on the day 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 were collected. ELISA was used to evaluate the levels of GH, INS, HC, TGF-β1 and IGF-1 in serum to analyze the changes and correlation among them. The results showed that, during the period of milk withdrawal, the changes of GH, INS, HC and TGF-β1 levels in serum were not obvious from the day 0 to the day 1 (P>0.05). The levels of GH and HC in serum were both on the decline and had significant difference from the day 3 to the day 11 (P<0.01), and the levels of GH in serum on the day 3 was significantly higher than those on the other days (P<0.01). The levels of INS in serum was on the rise and had significant (P<0.01) difference from the day 3 to the day 11, while the levels of TGF-β1 in serum had no significant (P>0.05) difference from the day 3 to the day 11. The levels of IGF-1 in serum showed downward trend in ladder type, and the difference among levels of IGF-1 in serum on the day 0 and day 1, day 3 and day 5, day 7 and day 9, day 9 and day 11 were not obvious (P>0.05), while IGF-1 levels among 0-1 d, 3-5 d and 7-11 d had significant (P<0.01) difference. There was significant (P<0.01) correlation among the levels of GH, INS, TGF-β1 and IGF-1 in cows’ serum separately during the period of milk withdrawal. The HC levels showed significant (P<0.01) correlation with GH, INS and IGF-1 levels, while it showed significant (P<0.05) negative correlation with TGF-β1 levels.

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Detection of the antibiotic genes of sulfonamides and quinolones of bacteria in refrigerated chicken

HE Xiangxiang, YANG Hua, DAI Baoling, XIA Xiaodong, XIAO Yingping

2017, 29(4): 555-559. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.06

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The long-term use of antibiotics in the animal farming industry has caused rapid expansion of drug resistant bacteria. These drug resistant bacteria are screened during the process of animal farming, and are easily transmitted in the animal production chain, which is a huge threat to human’s food safety. In this study, we aimed at testing the safety of refrigerated chicken collected from eight supermarkets and eleven agricultural markets in Shaoxing city, Zhejiang Province. We detected the antibiotic genes of sulfonamides and quinolones of surface microorganisms of the samples by PCR reaction and sequencing. We detected sul Ⅰ, sulⅡ, qnrD, qnrS, qepA and oqxB in the samples and the detection rate was 100%, 100%, 100%, 89.5%, 100% and 89.5%, respectively. We also sequenced the antibiotic genes with the sequences in NCBI and the coincidence rate was 100%, 99.44%, 100%, 92.74%, 99.82% and 100%, respectively. This study will provide effective support for risk assessment of antibiotic genes in the refrigerated chicken.

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Comparative analysis of DMA gene sequences in different chicken breeds

KONG Linglin, ZHENG Shenghan, CHEN Ying, ZHU Pengfei, WU Yun, GUO Qixin, CHEN Guohong, CHANG Guobin

2017, 29(4): 560-565. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.07

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DMA (major histocompatibility complex, class Ⅱ, DM alpha) is a typical gene of chicken MHC class Ⅱ, which is closely related to the host immune response and disease resistance. In this study, we detected DMA gene of 25 different chicken breeds by target capture sequencing and used DMA gene sequence of Gallus gallus in NCBI as the reference. Then we analyzed gene sequence by MEGA6, screened SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) and Indels (insertion-deletion) of DMA gene sequences in different chicken breeds. Finally, we constructed the phylogenetic tree according to the differences in gene sequences. The results revealed that the DMA gene appeared rich polymorphism. SNPs and Indels were concentrated on exons mostly. Meanwhile, base deletions on exon2 caused the great changes in its translated products. In addition, the phylogenetic tree showed the chickens with better disease resistance such as Tibetan chicken and game chicken had high homology. The above results demonstrated that the DMA gene is rich in genetic diversity which is related to the differences in innate immunity and disease resistance in chicken breeds. The Indels in exon 2 94 496-94 552 can be used as a candidate marker of chicken immune characteristics.

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Analysis of codon usage bias of specific genes in strawberry transcriptome under the red and blue light

FENG Chen, TANG Haoru, JIANG Leiyu, SONG Xia, ZHANG Yunting, YE Yuntian, CHEN Qing, SUN Bo

2017, 29(4): 566-574. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.08

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Analysis of codon usage bias of specific genes in strawberry transcriptome could provide reference for heterologous expression of genes. To understand the influence of red and blue light on codon usage bias, the original experimental data, which was transcriptome of strawberry treated with red and blue light, and the original control data, which was transcriptome of strawberry treated with white light, were screened by perl language and FPKM (fragments per kb per million fragments) value, then, Mobyle online program were used to analyze the codon usage bias of it. The results showed that there were 114 specific genes under the blue light, twice as that under the red light; From the point of view of GC content combined with GC3s (GC content of the third position), 91 percent of specific genes under red and blue light, respectively, were bias toward the synonymous codons with A and T at the third codon position; In addition, the fraction of specific genes under the red light between optimal codons with A and T at the third codon position and optimal codons was 2.84 percent more than that under the blue light. According to codon usage frequency, the Pichia pastoris expression system was more suitable for heterologous expression of specific genes of the two treatments, Arabidopsis thaliana might be the best receptor for transgenosis.

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Physiological and biochemical characteristics of Curcuma alismatifolia bulbs and effects of some chemicals on its cold resistance

LIU Jianxin, XU Xiaohan, DING Huaqiao

2017, 29(4): 575-582. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.09

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Research and Development Centre of Flower, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311202, China)Abstact: Curcuma alismatifolia is a new kind of tropical flowers. However, winter in most areas in China is too cold to preserve bulbs naturally. In order to clarify cold-resistance physiology of Curcuma alismatifolia bulbs, and to find out methods to enhance bulbs cold-resistance, various physiological and biochemical indexes of bulbs which were treated with different low temperature stress were detected, and cold-resistance chemicals screening experiment for bulbs were carried out. The results of physiological and biochemical tests showed that Curcuma alismatifolia bulbs began to be stressed at 9 ℃. According to changes of antioxidant enzyme system and osmotic adjustment system, these bulbs mobilized their own stress-resistant system to resist adverse effects at 5 and 1 ℃, respectively, While various stress-resistant related indexes reduced to the lowest point at -3 ℃, which might be beyond the tolerance limit of bulbs. The cold-resistant chemicals screening experiment showed that all chemicals treatments including abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinolide, 6-BA, paclobutrazol could enhance cold tolerance of bulbs. According to cell damage degree analysis, 1 mg·L^-1 ABA immerged bulbs for 24 h had the best protective effect to bulbs. 0.08 mg·L^-1 6-BA treatment also could protect membrane permeability, but the oxidation degree of membrane lipid was very high.

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Comparison of leaf anatomical structure between Rhododendron frotunei and Rhododendron simiarum, two dominant species of montane elfin forest in Jinggangshan

DENG Xianlan, LIU Xin, CAO Yusong, GUAN Jie

2017, 29(4): 583-589. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.10

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Taking Rhododendron fortunei Lindley and Rhododendron simiarum Hance, two dominant species of montane elfin forest in Jinggangshan as study objects, the leaf anatomical structures were studied by paraffin-sectioning and optical microtechnique, and the adaptation relationship between its leaf anatomical structures and habitat were explored. The aim was to provide scientific theory foundation for the protection of montane elfin forest. The results showed that the upper epidermis consisted of two layers of epidermic cells, belonging to multiple epidermis. The lower epidermis consisted of one layer of epidermic cells, the peripheral wall of lower epidermis cell had formed outward a lot of convex papillate. The upper and lower epidermis were covered cuticular membrane. The stomata existed in lower epidermis. The mesophyll tissue of Rhododendron fortunei Lindley and Rhododendron simiarum Hance were differentiated into palisade tissue and spongy tissue, which indicated that the leaf belonged to typical bifacial leaf. The palisade tissue was well developed; The cells of the spongy tissue lined up loosely and had the bigger cell interval. The ratios of the palisade tissue to the spongy tissue were 0.995 and 0.637, respectively. The palisade and spongy tissue cells contained the star clustered crystal. The vascular tissue and mechanical tissue of midrib were well developed, and the middle vein vascular bundle belonged to the amphicribral bundle. These characteristics indicated that the leaves of Rhododendron fortunei Lindley and Rhododendron simiarum Hance of montane elfin forest in Jinggangshan were typical xerophil leaves. Their leaf structural characteristics were adapted to the higher elevation and the harsh environment of the top of the mountain in Jinggangshan.

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Effects of grafting with different rootstocks on watermelon fruit quality

YING Quansheng, HE Yong, WANG Yinger, CAO Tingting, GU Binquan, WANG Yuhong

2017, 29(4): 590-596. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.11

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In this study, varieties Yongzhen No.1, Yongzhen No.3 and Yongzhen No.8 were used as rootstocks, in which watermelon variety Zaojia(8424) was grafted, and non-grafted Zaojia plants were taken as the control. Several indexes of watermelon fruits on 35 days after flowering were measured, including contents of soluble solids, soluble sugar and organic acids, and the enzyme activities of acid invertase, neutral invertase, sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase. It was aiming to explore the effects of different rootstock varieties on watermelon fruit quality. The results showed that different rootstocks significantly reduced the fructose and glucose contents compared with the control, and increased the contents of soluble solids, sucrose and Vc; whereas, contents of oxalic and acid invertase activities were decreased.

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Effects of NaCl stress on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and physiological characteristics in seedlings of two pepper cultivars

ZHANG Ling, WANG Hua, ZHOU Jing, XU Qiang

2017, 29(4): 597-604. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.12

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The salt-tolerant (Qiangfeng 7301) and salt-sensitive (Qiuyan) pepper varieties were selected to study chlorophyll fluorescence parameters as well as other related indexes change of pepper seedlings under NaCl stress with the concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mmol·L^-1, respectively, and no NaCl was set as control (CK) in this experiment. The results showed that salt stress decreased the Ф_PSⅡ, ETR, F_v/F_m, qP and increased qN, F_o, electrolyte leakage rate of the two pepper varieties. The content of chlorophyll and soluble protein in the two varieties of pepper seedlings increased under NaCl concentration (0-100 mmol·L^-1), but decreased significantly under NaCl concentration (150-250 mmol·L^-1) with the concentrations of salt stress increased, soluble sugar content of Qiuyan showed a gradually increasing trend on the 5th and 10th day and increased firvstly and then decreased on the 15th and 20th day. However, Qiangfeng 7301 on the 20th day increased firstly and then reduced, and showed gradually rising trend at other treatment time. It indicated that low concentrations of NaCl (0-100 mmol·L^-1) had no significant effect on pepper, while high concentrations of NaCl (150-200 mmol·L^-1) had great influences on pepper seedlings. In addition, it was found that Qiangfeng 7301 showed better salt tolerance than Qiuyan. The results showed that salt tolerance of pepper had better salt tolerance, and the salt tolerance of pepper seedlings was closely related to salt concentrations and stress time.

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Promotion effect of fungus DL12 fermentation liquid on salt-resistance ability of tomato and primary identification of strain

LIU Guoli, GONG Na, CHEN Xun, WANG Na

2017, 29(4): 605-610. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.13

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In order to screen fungi that could improve the salt-resistance ability of Lycopersicon esculentum, firstly, the fermentation liquid of different fungi were used to treat the seeds of Lycopersicon esculentum under 75 mmol·L^-1 Ca(NO₃)₂ stress. Then the seedlings were sprayed by fermentation liquid of different fungi which had good effects on germination of seeds through evaluation of germination rate and germination potential. The plant height and biomass of seedlings after treatment were recorded. Effect of fermentation liquid from strains DL2, DL12, DL15, DWJ2, DWR3 on endogenous hormones content of seedlings were also measured through HPCE chromatograms. Results showed that several fungi strains could partially improve germination rate and germination potential of seeds, and increase the dry weight. DL12 had the best effects among all the fungi. The germination rate, germination potential of seeds, plant height, root dry weight, and seedling dry weight were increased by 29%, 200%, 17.6%, 26.8%, 18.9%, respectively, compared with the control group. The IAA content was 49.6 times of the control group. The fungus general primers ITS1 and ITS2 were used to amplify 18S rDNA sequences of strain DL12, and alignment with the known sequences from GenBank was carried out, results showed that the similarity between strain DL12 and Schizophyllum commune was 99%. It was concluded that DL12 may belong to Schizophyllum sp.

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Molecular variation and genetic diversity analysis of coat protein gene in Sweetpoviruses in China

ZHANG Chengling, SUN Houjun, YANG Dongjing, XU Zhen, ZHAO Yongqiang, XIE Yiping

2017, 29(4): 611-617. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.14

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The objectives of this study were to study the gene and gene variation of Sweetpoviruses infecting Ipomoea batatas in China. Sweetpovirus coat protein gene fragments of 24 isolates from sweet potato were amplified by PCR using the infected leaf samples randomly collected from sweet potato research center and SDT, DnaSP, RDP3, MEGA and other software were used to analysis testifies. The result showed that, the nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences showed similarieties of 88.3%-100% and 94.5%-100%, respectively for the 24 isolates containing 765 base pairs and 254 amino acids. Phylogenetic trees constructed with all Chinese isolates revealed that the isolates were divided into 2 groups. Group I included most of the isolates collected from China, and 22 isolates obtained in this study, and divided into 2 subgroups. Group Ⅱ included only 27 isolates from Genbank and 2 isolates, XU8_2 and XU8_3 obtained in this study, so these 2 isolates might be new species. The ratio between mutations in the nonsynonymous and synonymous sites (d_N/d_S ratio) of cp was>1, implying the coat protein gene was under positive selection. The shapes of mismatch distribution of Sweetpoviruses for all groups and subgroups except subgroup I were multimodal and ragged, indicating that all these population/subpopulations were long-existing ones.

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Cloning and bioinformatics analysis of MSTN gene of Tianzhu white yak

ZHANG Li, LIU Lixia, LI Qiangzi, CHEN Hong

2017, 29(4): 618-624. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.15

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In order to elucidate the structure of MSTN gene, the complete MSTN gene sequence of Tianzhu white yak was amplified and analyzed through PCR, cloning, sequencing and the bioinformatics tools. The results showed that the sequence of MSTN gene was 1 128 bp in length and encoded 375 amino acids with a molecular weight of 42.55 ku and pI of 6.14. Bioinformatics prediction found that MSTN protein of Tianzhu white yak is unstable hydrophilic protein and mRNA secondary structure of minimum free energy is -1 135.16 kJ·mol^-1. Protein secondary and tertiary structure were based on extended strand and random coil-based mixed-type protein. The results laid a foundation for further studying on the genetic characteristics and physiological mechanisms of MSTN.

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Investigation of efficiency and stability of Cucumber mosaic virus-based gene silencing vector

XIANG Zhidan, ZHANG Zhenxiao, LI Chao, DU Zhiyou

2017, 29(4): 625-630. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.16

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Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has been widely used for analysis of plant gene function. In this work, using phytoene desaturase (PDS) as an indicator, efficiency of Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) as a VIGS vector was investigated to silence PDS mRNA in Nicotiana benthamiana. Recombinant viruses were generated by replacing the 2b ORF with a set of PDS fragments, and tested in N. benthamiana plants. Results showed that these recombinants induced photobleaching phenotype in the upper systemic leaves and silencing efficiency was correlated with the length of the PDS inserts in some extents, but they did not cause obvious photobleaching phenotype in the newly top leaves and oversized inserts (≥518 nt) reduced genetic stability of viral genome, leading to partial deletion of the inserts. Thus, the optimal insert is about 350 nt in length for CMV-based VIGS vector.

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Effect of LED lightings on growth of Sargassum horneri under different photoperiods

LI Ke, PAN Yaoru, WU Jiaping, XIAO Xi

2017, 29(4): 631-636. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.17

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In this study, 4 kinds of LED (white, red, green and blue) were tested as light sources for Sargassum horneri cultivation under 4 photoperiods (24 h/0 h, 18 h/6 h, 12 h/12 h, 6 h/18 h, L/D). It was shown that for all LED light sources, maximum biomass accumulation of S. horneri were achieved under the photoperiod of 24 h/0 h(L/D). The surface absorption spectrum of S. horneri and the emission spectrum of 4 LED light sources were also analyzed. The surface absorption spectrum of S. horneri showed a wide peak in blue emission region and a sharp peak in red emission region, respectively. Therefore, blue-LED light could satisfy the growth of S. horneri and would be an ideal supplementary light for S. horneri cultivation.

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Isolation and scrcening of cellulose degrading bacterium and its decomposition characteristics of straw

QIU Xiuwen, ZHOU guixiang, WANG Huijuan, YANG Lili

2017, 29(4): 637-643. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.18

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A cellulose-decomposing strain, named JJU-A, was isolated from straw turnover soil. According to morphological observation, biochemical testing and rDNA-ITS gene sequence, the strain JJU-A was identified as Irpex lacteus. A 3-month experiment was carried out with JJU-A inoculated on maize straw, and the decomposition rate and the function groups of the maize straw were determined after 30, 60 and 90 d. It was shown that the decomposition rate of cellulose, hemicelluloses and soluble saccharide was higher than that of lignin, as the decomposition rates of cellulose, hemicelluloses, soluble saccharide and lignin were 53.60% 58.89% 76.03% and 28.61%, respectively. Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to detect the changes of function groups of maize straw. The relative absorption intensity of 1 046, 1 245, 1 335, 1 603, 2 900 and 3 383 cm^-1 decreased obviously, and the percentage of C=C, C=O, —CH₃, —CH decreased during the decomposition process, indicating that cellulose, hemicelluloses, saccharide and aliphatic compounds were degraded largely. In conclusion, the addition of Irpex laxteus JJU-A on maize straw could improve the degradation efficiency of straw and realize the resource utilization of straw.

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Isolation and identification of a pig hair keratin-degrading strain

LEI Ping, LIU Biao, YIN Hongmei

2017, 29(4): 644-650. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.19

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To screening the microorganisms with high pig-hair keratin-degrading capacity, the strains were isolated from environment soil collected from the pig hair waste site by adopting the culture medium taking keratin as sole carbon and nitrogen source and the optimal environmental factors for keratinase activity were investigated. In this study, five strains with pig hair degrading ability were obtained by the method of enrichment and domenstication, while the strain E-2 showed the highest capatity of degrading pig hair keratin. The degrading rate of pig hair keratin was up to 58.6% after 5 days fermentation and the keratinase activty reached 46.6 U·mL^-1.The strain E-2 was identified as Yarrowia lipolytica based on morphology, physiological characteristics and ITS sequence analysis. Experimental results of environmental factors showed that the optimum cultivation conditions for keratinase activity was pH 6.0-7.0,temperature 35-40 ℃,pig hair content 15 g·L^-1 and culture time 108 h. E-2 could degrade pig hairs, chicken feathers and wools, while the degrading activtiy and keratinase acticity varied with different keratin substrates. Up to date, little is known about the pig hair keratin degrading by Yarrowia lipolytica, thus, we provided a new efficient keratin-degarding strain to utilize pig hair.

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Research on co-denitrification performance of slow-release organic carbon source and water purification bacteria-embedded solid capsules

YAN Qiuyue, LIU Yong, WANG Xin, SUN Hong, YAO Xiaohong, WU Yifei, TANG Jiangwu, GE Xiangyang

2017, 29(4): 651-659. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.20

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For the treatment of wastewater with low carbon and high nitrogen, the indispensable and effective manner is to launch carbon and microbial inoculum. In this study, investigations were performed into the water purifying capacity of a novel and comprehensive management strategy, which integrated sustained-release carbon source and water purification bacteria-embedded solid capsules. Sodium acetate was used as the carbon source and embedded with carrier materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out to analyze micro-morphological changes to the entrapments before and after release of the carbon source. The released carbon source (sodium acetate) was detected using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The bacteria-embedded solid capsules were divided into W-capsule and B-capsule, which included Pseudomonas stutzeri ADH1, Enterobacter sp. AOZ1 and Bacillus subtilis BSK9. Experiments were performed on river sewage in buckets with intermittent aeration to investigate the change to some routine indexes covering ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), etc. Sewage treated using instant/sustained-release carbon source and bacteria with/without embedding were tested as comparable controls. Untreated sewage was also tested as a negative control (NC). It was shown that extensive wood shaving-like structures formed inside the entrapments after the release of sodium acetate. TN remove rate of the sewage treated with sustained-release carbon source was 60.2%, and the COD kept less than 20 mg·L^-1. For the sewage treated with W-capsule and the combination of sustained-release carbon source and bacteria-embedded capsules, the TN remove rate was 39.1% and 85.2%, respectively, which indicated high performance of the novel combinatorial strategy in nitrogen removal of river sewage.

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Time arrangement of excellent-criterion farmland construction in loess hill and gully region:A case study of Maiji District, Tianshui City

CHEN Ying, WANG Dong, WANG Shunran

2017, 29(4): 660-667. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.21

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In the present study, Maiji District, Tianshui City was taken as an example, and key evaluation indicators were selected from aspects of natural quality conditions, engineering construction conditions and ecological landscape conditions. The construction sequence evaluation principle was proposed as “overall comprehensive evaluation, cultivated land quality vary, and easy projects first”. By comprehensive evaluation coefficient method and natural break method, the construction sequence in Maiji District was evaluated, and reasonable arrangements for the construction mode were proposed. The results showed that the construction scale in the near, medium and long-term should be 17.54%, 51.87%, 30.59%, respectively. These results could provide references for the excellent-criterion farmland construction in Maiji District and the loess hilly and gully region.

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Plant leaf recognition based on fusion of multiple features

GAO Liang, YAN Min, ZHAO Fang

2017, 29(4): 668-675. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.22

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As an important branch of plant automatic classification and recognition, plant leaf recognition is of great value in practical application. In view of the limitation of description methods for leaf features and the problem of low accuracy of plant leaf recognition, leaf images were used as recognition objects in this paper. An image preprocessing algorithm was proposed to ensure getting the features of leaf images accurately. In addition to the geometric features and texture features, the leaf profile was described by distance matrix and corner matrix, and the leaf could be identified more precisely by calculating the comprehensive similarity of geometric features, texture features and corner distance matrix. Experiments were performed on Flavia dataset of 960 images divided into 32 classes. Compared with other recognition methods, the method proposed in this paper achieved better recognition effect. The experimental results showed that the recognition accuracy reached 97.50% with high practicability.

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The invading risk analysis and control countermeasure of red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) invaded Hangzhou, China

HUANG Jun, LYU Yaobin

2017, 29(4): 676-682. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.04.23

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The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, is a major pest that seriously threatens plants, animals, and humans. It had been internationally recognized as one of the most destructive, aggressive, and high-risk alien species. Since its first appearance in Guangdong Province of mainland China in 2004, it has spread rapidly to the southern 11 provinces. In the present overview, the damage characteristics and spread of S. invicta were introduced and the risks of S. invicta invaded Hangzhou were analyzed. Additionally, coping strategies were provided according to intercept, monitor, and control. These results provided an important scientific basis for the alert to S. invicta invaded Hangzhou with nursery stocks.

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