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20 March 2017, Volume 29 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Science
Animal Science
Horticultural Science
Plant Protection
Environmental Science
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Crop Science

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Effects of spraying organic and inorganic nitrogen on physiological characteristics of rice in dry cultivation WU Meiyan 2017, 29(3):  353-359.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.01 Abstract ( 501 )   HTML ( 45 )   PDF (1038KB) ( 1608 )   A potted culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen on physiological characteristics of rice in dry cultivation, the results would provide a scientific basis for the application of organic nitrogen in rice production and the development of organic fertilizer. The effect of spraying ammonium sulphate (AS), glycine (Gly) and glutamine (Glu) on the leaf surface of rice (Oryza sativa L., Liangyoupeijiu) in dry cultivation under drought stress at the booting stage was evaluated with water-saving management (WSM) and distilled water (DW) as the control, and the chlorophyll content, protective enzymes, osmotic regulation matters, yield and protein content of rice were measured. The results showed that chlorophyll content and yield were decreased, and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased obviously compared to WSM (P<0.05). After spraying AS, Gly and Glu, the chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) of flag leaves of rice in dry cultivation under drought stress were increased, and MDA content was decreased significantly. The osmotic regulators were enhanced, such as proline (Pro), total free amino acid (TFA) and the contents of soluble protein (SP). As a result, the yield and protein content of rice in dry cultivation were improved obviously (P<0.05). The increase of kernel numbers, 1000 grain yield and seed setting rate were the key point of harvesting higher yield for these treatments. Effects of AS and Gly were better than Glu, there was no significant difference between AS and Gly. Compared to DW, the yield and protein content of rice in dry cultivation were increased by 56.3% and 20.5% for AS and 44.2% and 22.0% for Gly. It suggested that spraying exogenous organic and inorganic nitrogen on rice in dry cultivation under drought stress could help rice keeping low peroxide contents and enhance rice resistance to drought by increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes and contents of osmotic regulators. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection and analysis of an egg cell-expressed gene in Nicotiana tabacum LUO An 2017, 29(3):  360-365.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.02 Abstract ( 704 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1739KB) ( 1617 )   cDNA pools of the egg cell and zygote of tobacco were constructed, and suppression subtractive hybridization and mirror orientation selection were used to select the genes specially expressed in the egg cell. So a gene named NtEE1 was found, which was CASP-like gene. NtEE1 encoded 194 amino-acid residues, in which 4 transmembrane domains existed by bioinformatics prediction. The subcellular localization of NtEE1-GFP also indicated that NtEE1 might be located on the nuclear membrane and plasma membrane. The promoter of actin11 of Arabidopsis was chosen to express nuclear-located GFP. The vector was transformed to tobacco, and the promoter activity of actin11 was proved to be intensive in the tobacco egg cell. These would provide a foothold to investigate the function of NtEE1 in the development of egg cell and the mechanism of gamete interaction in tobacco. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and expression analysis of potassium channel NtTPK gene in tobacco XU Li, HUANG Luping, LU Liming, LI Liqin 2017, 29(3):  366-372.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.03 Abstract ( 823 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1325KB) ( 1766 )   A new potassium channel gene NtTPK was cloned from cultivar K326 using homologous cloning strategy. Sequences analysis showed this gene contained 1 317 bp and coded 438 amino acid residues. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the highest expression level of this gene was in the stem; and the lowest expression level emerged after 24 h under low potassium treatment; the gene expression reached its peak level after 24 h under 200 mmol·L-1 NaCl treatment; and 7 d after topping, the gene expression showed the highest level in leaves and roots of tobacco. These results provide theoretical bases for further study of the function of potassium channel NtTPK gene. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Animal Science

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Effect of Clostridium butyricum in feed on structures of cecal microbiota in broilers based on high-throughput sequencing XIAO Yingping, YANG Caimei, DAI Bing, LI Kaifeng, CHEN Jinggang, YANG Hua 2017, 29(3):  373-379.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.04 Abstract ( 695 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1224KB) ( 2140 )   The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum(CB) on cecal microbiota in broiler chickens based on high-throughput sequencing. A total of 300 one-day-old birds were randomly allotted to 2 groups, representing control (basal diet) and CB-treated group (basal diet+3×107 cfu·kg-1 CB), 6 replications per group with 25 chickens per replication. All chickens were weighted and cecal contents were collected from 3 male chickens per replication to extract genomic DNA after a 42-d treatment. The V3 and V4 regions in 16S rRNA gene of bacteria were amplified and analyzed based on Illumine Miseq sequencing. Results showed that the feed to gain ratio significantly reduced (P<0.05) in CB treatment. Among all bacterial groups revealed by the interpretable sequences, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Tenericutes were the predominant phylum in cecum of chickens. It indicated the trend that the relative abundance of Firmicutes decreased by CB treatment, whereas Bacteroidetes increased. At the genera level, Ruminococcaceae uncultured, Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Lachnospiraceae_incertae_sedis dominated in cecum. Compared with the control group, administration of CB increased the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, Bacteroides, Phascolarctobacterium and Butyricicoccus(P<0.05), but decreased the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_incertae_sedis, Lachnospiraceae_unclassified, Rikenella, Streptococcus and Blautia(P<0.05). Interestingly, the genera of increasing abundance were major bacteria which produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in cecum and large intestine. These findings suggested that the addition of CB to diet decreased the feed to gain ratio but increased the abundance of bacteria producing SCFAs in cecum of broiler chickens. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic analysis of S and ORF3 gene in Porcihe epidemic diarrhea virus during 2011—2016 in Zhejiang Province WU Wangxia1, WANG Yicheng2, WU Run, YUAN Xiufang, XU Lihua, LI Junxing, SU Fei 2017, 29(3):  380-388.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.05 Abstract ( 824 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (2489KB) ( 1708 )   In order to investigate recent genetic variations of S and ORF3 genes in Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV) epidemic and vaccine strains in Zhejiang Province, virus RNA was extracted from suspected PEDV samples which were collected from various areas in Zhejiang Province since 2011 to 2016, then RT-PCR, cloning and sequencing on S and ORF3 genes were performed using three pairs of specific primers to analyze the sequence variation, genetic evolution and antigen sites. The results showed that as compared to vaccine strain CV777, 15 nucleotides were inserted and 6 nucleotides were absent in the S genes of 12 epidemic strains, leading to the insertion of 5 amino acids (58QGVN61and140N) and deletion of 2 amino acids (163DI164) relatively. Moreover, in epidemic strains, totally 8 amino acid mutations were found in two neutralizing epitopes (499-638 and 764-771 aa) on the major mutation region S1; 7 amino acids were variated in ORF3 gene. According to the analysis results of genetic evolution, these 12 epidemic strains shared 97.8%-99.9% homology with China epidemic strains BJ-2011 and HuN in S gene, but only 93.3%-94.9% homology with vaccine strains (CV777 and Korean attenuated strain DR13), indicating that huge variations and fast evolution had emerged in PEDV recently. This study could lay a foundation for development of effective vaccines and therapies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic polymorphism Nramp1 gene and its associations with milk traits and milk yield in Chinese Holstein cattle ZHANG Li, LIU Lixia, CHEN Hong, LI Qiangzi, LIU Wuxin 2017, 29(3):  389-394.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.06 Abstract ( 608 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1126KB) ( 1699 )   To search the molecular markers that are associated with mastitis and to provide a theoretical basis for the Holstein cattle breeding and disease resistance, the polymoprhisms of Nramp1 gene in 303 Holstein cattle in Ningxia were detected by the PCR-SSCP technique and the effect of Nramp1 gene c.200C>G locus mutation on milk traits and milk yield was analyzed using a general linear model. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between Nramp1 gene c.200C>G locus mutation and milk fat, milk yield and somatic cell score at the probability level of 0.05 or 0.01. Therefore we can put the site as cattle somatic cell score, daily milk yield measurement and daily milk fat genetic markers in Chinese Holstein. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary study on transcriptional regulation sequence of chicken NLRC5 promoter ZHANG Xin, GUO Xiaomin, CHANG Guobin, ZHU Pengfei, XU Lu, QIU Lingling, ZHANG Yang, XU Qi, CHEN Guohong 2017, 29(3):  395-400.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.07 Abstract ( 726 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1060KB) ( 1651 )   In order to explore the potential regulation mechanism of chicken NLRC5 promoter, deletion fragments of chicken NLRC5 promoter was cloned and inserted into pGL3-basic vector to construct recombinant plasmids for transfecting DF1 cells. Dual-luciferase assay was carried out to find the core regulation region. Then target sequence capture assay was used to detect SNPs in the core region of NLRC5 promoter of 27 chicken breeds. Finally, transcription factor binding sites and CpG islands were predicted by using online softwares TRANSFAC, JASPAR and MethPrimer. The results showed that NLRC5 promoter had 2 core regions, 1 to 617 and 1 448 to 2 108, respectively. There were 3 SNPs loci totally in the first core region in all breeds. SNP1 was found to influence the transcription factor Hic1 binding site. However, SNPs in the first core region did not affect CpG island. The results above suggested that NLRC5 promoter activity might be regulated by different factors, but SNPs didn’t influence the promoter activity at methylation level. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of methods to isolate and cryopreserve goose primordial germ cells YU Jianning, YAN Leyan, CHEN Zhe, SHAO Xibing, DAI Zichun, YING Shijia, SHI Zhendan 2017, 29(3):  401-407.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.08 Abstract ( 558 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1813KB) ( 1665 )   In order to establish the isolation and cryopreservation method for goose primordial germ cells (PGCs), four kinds of PGCs separation methods,which were blood Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, blood ACK lysis method, gonads trypsin-EDTA digestion method and gonads digestion combined with short-term culture method, were compared in this experiment. And three kinds of cryoprotectors that were STEM-CELLBANKER, CELLBANKER 2 and 10% DMSO plus 90% serum were compared to evaluate the cryopreservation efficiency of goose PGCs. Morphological observation, PAS and PGCs specific immunofluorescence staining were used to verify PGCs, and trypan blue staining was used to detect the vitality of PGCs. The results showed that goose PGCs were successfully isolated from the blood and gonad of goose embryo. Gonads digestion combined with short-term culture method got the highest goose PGCs quantity, purity and vitality, reached 115 cells per embryo, 80.8% and 88.3% respectively, compared with the traditional blood separation method. Commercial stem-cell cryoprotector STEM-CELLBANKER was more suitable for cryopreservation of goose PGCs than the normal cell cryoprotectants, and the cell survival rate was about 90% after thawing. Gonads digestion combined with short-term culture method could get sufficient quantity and purity of goose PGCs. STEM-CELLBANKER could be used for the long-term cryopreservation of goose PGCs. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Horticultural Science

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Application of dynamic water level management of ebb and flow irrigation for cucumber seedlings WANG Kelei, ZHOU Youhe, SHI Jianlei, HUANG Zong’an, ZHU Longjing, XU Jian 2017, 29(3):  408-413.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.09 Abstract ( 585 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (948KB) ( 1744 )   To screen the optimum parameters for cucumber seedling with ebb and flow irrigation, Chaomeite cultivar was selected as study material, and orthogonal experimental method (L9) was adopted to explore the growth and physiological characteristics of cucumber seedlings, matrix properties, and irrigation index under either top sprinkling irrigation or ebb and flow irrigation. It was shown that ebb and flow irrigation could save water by 11.6%-79.4% as compared to top sprinkling irrigation. Irrigation height was the key role affecting the growth index and photosynthetic rate of cucumber, while soaking time played a key role in the growth of root, and the irrigation frequency was the most important factor affecting EC and water consumption. To summarize, the combination of 2 cm irrigation height, 1 h soaking time, and 2 d per time irrigation frequency seemed reasonable for cucumber under ebb and flow irrigation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative study on the environment of different photovoltaic greenhouses and greenhouse in winter in Ningxia QI Juanxia, CAO Lihua, LI Jianshe, YE Lin, LIU Xin, ZHANG Xueyan 2017, 29(3):  414-420.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.10 Abstract ( 525 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1121KB) ( 1629 )   Photovoltaic greenhouses are developed rapidly in Ningxia, in this paper second-generation solar greenhouse was chosen as the control (CK), photovoltaic solar greenhouse (D1), photovoltaic film double dual greenhouse (D2) and combining light with shade solar greenhouse (D3, solar greenhouse D3a, shade of greenhouse D3b) were chosen as treatments, the weather in every month in winter and the typical internal environment difference were analyzed in these photovoltaic greenhouse in Ningxia, and the costs and benefits of photovoltaic building were also analyzed to clarify the overwinter characteristics of each photovoltaic greenhouse environment. The results showed that the maximum temperature and light intensity of D1 were significantly higher than that of CK and other photovoltaic greenhouse in winter, the minimum temperature of CK was the highest and average humidity of CK was the lowest, the average temperature of D3a was lower than CK, but the humidity and light intensity were significantly higher than CK, temperature and light intensity of D2 and D3b were significantly lower than other greenhouses, but humidity were significantly higher than other greenhouses. In typical sunny, cloudy, snowy days, the temperature and light intensity of D2 were the lowest, and the humidity was the highest. The temperature in snowy day of D1 was lower than CK, but other typical weather temperature was the highest and humidity was the lowest. There was no significant difference in D3a and CK. The power generation of each photovoltaic greenhouse in each month was D1>D3>D2, and the construction cost of photovoltaic greenhouses could be recovered after 10.15 years. According to the comprehensive analysis, the inner greenhouse environment of D1 was better than CK, D3a was close to CK. D1, D3a and CK were suitable for fruit and vegetable production in winter. The winter temperature of D2 was below 0 ℃, which was not suitable for mushroom cultivation. D3b greenhouse environment was still suitable for mushroom cultivation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of plastic film and straw mulching on soil nutrients of pear orchard XU Kai, ZHANG Shaoyu, YUAN Jicun, YAN Shuai, HOU Guixue, ZHAO Deying 2017, 29(3):  421-427.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.11 Abstract ( 710 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (975KB) ( 1829 )   Jinfeng pear was chosen as the tested material, and four treatments including plastic film mulching, straw mulching, plastic film and straw mulching, and clean tillage (the control) were set. The mulching treatments lasted for 3 years, to investigate the effects of different mulching treatments on soil nutrient of pear orchard. The results showed that the contents of alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen, available potassium and available copper under plastic film mulching in one year and during 3 years were decreased; the contents of available phosphorus, available iron, available zinc and available manganese under plastic film mulching in one year were increased, but the contents of available phosphorus and available zinc were decreased along with mulching years. The contents of alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, available copper, available iron, available zinc and available manganese were significantly increased under straw mulching, plastic film and straw mulching, and the effect increased continuously along with mulching years. Among the three mulching treatments, straw mulching was the best. Thus, it is suggested that straw mulching can be applied in production of pear orchard. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Plant Protection

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Application of imidacloprid coating on the seeds of oilseed rape Ⅰ. Effects on the aphid development HUANG Fang, WU Hongping, LI Dongfu, HAO Zhongping 2017, 29(3):  428-432.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.12 Abstract ( 728 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (959KB) ( 1670 )   Effects of imidacloprid (Gaucho) coating on aphids in fields of oilseed rape were studied. Seeds were treated by Gaucho in different ratios of 1∶5, 1∶25 and 1∶125 (weight of chemical versus seed). The results showed that 1) aphids occurred on the seedlings in the treatments were significantly less than the control, and so were in the flowering stages when no aphid was found in the highest treatment and a few aphids in the lowest treatment; 2) ratios of alate aphid between the treatments were significantly different. 6%~10% alate aphids appeared in the lowest treatment, while zero in the medium treatment, in the seedlings, over 20% in the flowers and 15% in the fruits; 3) aphids collected in fields of medium treatment could establish a quick-developing population on untreated plants, and counts of individuals were slightly higher than the control, but showing no statistical difference (P=0.6). The above results suggested that coating by imidacloprid could effectively control the aphids occurred on the oilseed rape, but a medium coating concentration could result in flourishing of alate aphids and increased reproductive ability. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical classification and ordination of invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides community in terrestrial habitats WU Hao 2017, 29(3):  433-444.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.13 Abstract ( 857 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1753KB) ( 1638 )   In the field survey, we selected 59 sampling plots along the latitudinal gradient (from 21°N to 37°N, which were belonged to 10 provinces and 20 cities) in terrestrial habitats of mainland China, to explore the species structure characteristics and association classification of invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides community by using two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and de-trended correspondence analysis (DCA). In addition, we used the de-trended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA) to operate the ordination of plant species distributions along environmental factors (longitude, latitude and elevation). The results showed that: (1) 59 plots totally recorded 170 plant species, which were belonged to 52 families and 134 genera, A. philoxeroides had a significant highest dominance (its total importance value was 32.390). The co-occurring plants which had higher occurrence frequency were Alternanthera sessilis(16/59), Polygonum hydropiper (13/59) and Digitaria sanguinalis (12/59); (2) TWINSPAN and DCA divided the A. philoxeroides community into 10 plant associations, A. philoxeroides+D. sanguinalis association had the highest occurrence frequency (8/59), D. sanguinalis was the main co-occurring native species in A. philoxeroides invaded community, and it could be considered as an potential replacer for A. philoxeroides through interspecific competition in the future; (3) DCCA ordination indicated that latitude was the crucial environmental factor which determined species’ distributions, TWINSPAN divided the 30 main plant species (which total importance value was more than 0.2) into ten clusters, distribution regions of each plant cluster on DCCA two-dimensional diagram were all consistent with classifications, the ordination position of Humulus scandens was very close to A. philoxeroides; (4) DCA and DCCA all reflected the water gradient of associations and plant species’ distributions, with latitude increasing, the plant species in filed A. philoxeroides communities gradually changed from mesophytes to hygrophytes. These findings were helpful for understanding the numerical characteristics and predicting dynamics of invasive plant community, as well as making effective measurements for future biological invasions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Overcome the defect in virus replication conferred by heterogeneous combination of viral replicases through mutation and recombination LU Jinda, LIAO Qiansheng, DU Zhiyou 2017, 29(3):  445-449.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.14 Abstract ( 574 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1446KB) ( 1695 )   It is a common phenomenon that recombination of heterogeneous replicases cannot efficiently replicate recombinant virus in Bramoviridae. Here, the effects of heterogeneous combination of viral replicases on viral replication was investigated using cucumber mosaic virus(CMV) and tomato aspermy virus(TAV) as the research objectives, which are the typical species of the genus Cucumovirus, Bromoviridea. CMV RNA1 (C1) and TAV RNA2 (T2) were heterogeneously combined, mixed with either CMV RNA3 (C3) or TAV RNA3 (T3), and then inoculated onto Nicotiana benthamiana plants by agroinfiltration. At 10 days post-infiltration, no obvious viral symptoms were observed on the plants inoculated with C1T2C3 or C1T2T3. Moreover, mild viral bands were detected in the upper systemic leaves of the plants by Northern blot. These results demonstrate that C1T2 heterogeneous combination could not support viral replication/infection efficiently. When C1T2C3 was passaged three times, the infected plants showed obvious viral symptoms and a high accumulation level of viral progeny RNAs. Sequencing data of viral genomic RNAs showed that C1 had a mutation at the position 1 390, and T2 had a mutation at the position 1 695. Moreover, the 3' end of C3 was tagged with the whole 3' UTR of T2. Taken together, the recombinant virus C1T2C3 could overcome defects in virus replication conferred by the heterogeneous combination of their replicases by in vivo mutation and recombination. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Resistance mechanism of bio-control strain DZSY21 against maize sheath blight SU Bo, JIANG Hubiao, QIAO Jianli, PAN Jie, XU Wei, WU Anning, DING Ting 2017, 29(3):  450-459.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.15 Abstract ( 552 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (2401KB) ( 1821 )   This study was carried out to explicit the resistance mechanism of endophytic bacteria DZSY21 against maize sheath blight. The colonization property of biocontrol strain DZSY21 in maize leaf sheath was analysed by antibiotic label method, and resistance of maize treated with DZSY21 at different growth stages to sheath blight were assessed through field experiments, then the related enzymes activity and expression of PR-1 and PR-2a gene in maize leaf sheath treated with DZSY21 at different growth stages were detected by spectrophotometry and quantitative real-time PCR. The results indicated that DZSY21 could successfully colonize maize leaf sheath, it had a symbiotic relationship with maize leaf sheath, and colonization of DZSY21 in maize leaf sheath could significantly enhance maize resistance to maize sheath blight. Activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), phenylalnine ammonialyase (PAL) and expression of defense response genes (PR-1, PR-2a) in maize leaf sheath treated with DZSY21 were significantly higher than those of normal control groups at different growth stages. The results afforded scientific basis for the further research on bio-controlling mechanism and DZSY21 application. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison on maximum residue limits standards of pesticides in strawberry WU Shenggan, GUAN Wenbi, LIU Xinju, AN Xuehua, LYU Lu, ZHAO Xueping 2017, 29(3):  460-468.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.16 Abstract ( 801 )   HTML ( 261 )   PDF (990KB) ( 2434 )   In order to understand the current status of strawberry quality and safety standards in China, MRL standards in domestic and foreign strawberries were collected to find out the conformity degree of Chinese and international strawberry quality safety standards. We systematically compared the maximum residue limit of strawberry in China, International Codex Alimentarius Commission, European Union, United States and Japan. The main problem in strawberry pesticide residue was analyzed comprehensively. The results showed that the quality and safety standards of strawberry in China were not in conformity with the international standards, and were inconsistent with pesticide application. The operability of strawberries safety standard was not strong. Therefore, it was recommended to actively follow the development of international pesticide residue standards, participate in the revision of international pesticide residue standards. China should improve the standard system of strawberry pesticide maximum residue limit as soon as possible. At the same time, pesticide residue detection technology and rational use of pesticide technology should be strengthened. Pesticide detection technology and strawberry pesticide application technology should be improved to provide support for the strawberry quality and safety supervision, and production guidance and export. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Environmental Science

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Study on greenhouse vegetables-paddy coupled mode in interception of nitrogen and phosphorus FENG Yunyu, LUO Longzao, TIAN Guangming 2017, 29(3):  469-476.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.17 Abstract ( 484 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1075KB) ( 1637 )   Greenhouse vegetables are prone to lager nitrogen and phosphorus loss caused by the intensive fertilization and flooding irrigation. Considering the potential capacity of paddy field which could purify the inflow, the present research on greenhouse vegetables-paddy coupled mode in nitrogen and phosphorus interception was carried out. Based on the studies of the greenhouse vegetables outflow and the dynamic characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in the paddy field surface water, the nitrogen and phosphorus discharge of the coupled mode with different area ratios was estimated and the feasibility of nitrogen and phosphorus reduction under the coupled mode was investigated. It was shown that the water outflow of greenhouse vegetables mainly occurred during the irrigation period of planting, the average loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in a single crop season was 4.97 and 0.42 kg·hm-2, respectively. The nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in paddy field surface water were significantly influenced by fertilization. The peak concentration of total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen occurred on the 1st and 2nd day after fertilization, and descended to a low level and became stable within 7 d. The peak concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the surface water occurred during the 3rd day to 5th day and decreased to a stable background level 9 d later. Total phosphorus and dissolved phosphorus concentration in surface water showed similar variation trends, reaching peak values on the 1st day after application of phosphate fertilizer, and getting stable within 10 d. Compared with uncoupled mode, the greenhouse vegetables-paddy coupled mode could achieve nitrogen and phosphorus interception under the conventional fertilization level, and mitigate the emission of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by 32.66% and 37.72%, respectively, when the area ratio was 1∶3. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution of Ti forms in soils and its effect on growth of oil sunflower XIA Huanhuan, DING Yanping, XIE Fangfang, LI Ling 2017, 29(3):  477-482.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.18 Abstract ( 608 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1041KB) ( 1569 )   The effects of different external concentrations of Ti on the distribution of Ti forms in soil and the oil sunflower growth as well as Ti uptake by oil sunflower were studied by using Tessier sequential extraction and pot culture experiments. The results showed that the distribution of Ti forms in soil decreased as residual>organic fraction>Fe-Mn oxide>exchangeable>carbonate fractions, and was mainly existed in residual state. With the increasing concentration of external Ti, there was a tendency of incrase in the contents of various Ti forms in soil and Ti content in each part of oil sunflower. The biological activity of Ti in soil was low, and biological availability coefficients and transfer coefficients were small. The enrichment factor and migration factor of Ti in oil sunflower were also small. High concentrations of external Ti inhibited the growth of oil sunflower. Oil sunflower had been poisoned with addition of 6 000 mg·kg-1 Ti. Dry mass of oil sunflower was negatively correlated with the contents of all forms of Ti and total Ti in soil. Carbonate-bound form played an important role in Ti contents of underground part of oil sunflower, and organic fraction contributed the most to the absorption of Ti by aboveground part of oil sunflower. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of typical re-vegetation patterns on soil organic carbon sequestration in southern Ningxia JI Bo, LI Na, MA Fan, CAI Jinjun, DONG Liguo, XU Hao, HAN Xinsheng 2017, 29(3):  483-488.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.19 Abstract ( 662 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (943KB) ( 1720 )   In order to find out the effect on soil organic carbon sequestration of different re-vegetation patterns, 5 main re-vegetation patterns, including pure wild apricot forest, wild apricot and Caragana korshinskii forest, wild apricot and wild peach and Caragana korshinskii forest, seabuckthorn forest and artificial alfalfa grassland were selected as the study objects, and the abandoned land were adopted as the control in southern Ningxia. It was shown that the soil organic carbon reserves of the 5 main re-vegetation patterns and abandoned land took on decreasing trend with the increase of soil depth basically within 100 cm soil layer, and the shallow layer (0-20 cm) was the accumulation layer of soil organic carbon sequestration, as soil organic carbon reserve in this layer was significantly higher than that in other soil layers. The total organic carbon sequestration in 100 cm layer decreased as wild apricot and Caragana korshinskii forest>pure wild apricot forest>seabuckthorn forest>wild apricot and wild peach and Caragana korshinskii forest>abandoned land>artificial alfalfa grassland. From the view of organic carbon accumulation, the re-vegetation patterns with arbor and shrub or pure trees forest or shrubs forest were more appropriate than artificial grassland or natural restoration for mountainous area in southern Ningxia. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Protection zoning of cultivated land based on local spatial autocorrelation in Guixi City WANG Xiaoyan, ZHAO Xiaomin, GUO Xi, KUANG Lihua 2017, 29(3):  489-497.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.20 Abstract ( 544 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1135KB) ( 1704 )   In the present study, the quality of cultivated land and protection zoning in Guixi City were studied by multi-factor comprehensive evaluation and local spatial autocorrelation analysis (LISA). It was shown that the comprehensive quality value of cultivated land in Guixi City varied from 39.08 to 89.88, reaching moderate and upper levels generally. The high-quality cultivated land was located in the central valley plain area. The positive spatial autocorrelation of cultivated land quality which contained the High-High type (HH) and the Low-Low type (LL) emerged as cluster and had a powerful agglomeration, while the negative spatial autocorrelation which included the High-Low type (HL) and Low-High type (LH) barely had a concentrate region, and most of them distributed dispersedly with barely outstanding regular pattern. According to the spatial agglomerate characteristics of natural quality of cultivated land in Guixi City, the protection zone of cultivated land was divided into 4 sub-regions, which included the key type, the suitable type, the regulation type and the backup type, and protection measures were put forwarded according to the sub-region schemes. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of simulated vegetation coverage and surface roughness on overland flow velocity LIU Yang, SUN Baoping, YANG Pingping, XIAO Enbang 2017, 29(3):  498-505.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.21 Abstract ( 508 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1182KB) ( 1610 )   Fix-bed experiment was conducted at the conditions of 3 slope gradients (5°, 10°, 15°), 9 unit discharge (0.2~0.6 L·m-1·s-1), 4 vegetation coverage (0, 1.7%, 3.5%, 6.1%) and 4 surface roughness (0.009, 0.12, 0.18, 0.38) to reveal the relationships among overland flow velocity and 4 factors. It was shown that overland flow velocity varied from 0.25 to 0.60 m·s-1 under experiment conditions. Overland flow velocity increased with increasing discharge by power function, and increased with increasing slope gradient, while decreased with increasing surface roughness and vegetation coverage on all slopes. The contribution rate of above factors on overland flow velocity decreased in the order of slope gradient (0.821)>discharge (0.358)>roughness (-0.287)>vegetation coverage (-0.123). The main energy consumption was water flow against resistance (m>0.5), while minor energy consumption was converted into kinetic energy. Overland flow against resistance tended to increase with increasing surface roughness. When vegetation cover was the largest, energy consumption in resistance was the highest. However, there was no notable difference when vegetation cover was low. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Food Science

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Screening, identification and quality analysis of fermented strains for white radish beverage ZHENG Yayan, YANG Ying, LU Shengmin, CAO Yaqun 2017, 29(3):  506-514.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.22 Abstract ( 606 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1558KB) ( 1957 )   To screen the special lactic acid strains of radish fermented drink and develop the beverages with good nutrition and flavor, the gradient dilution and streaking were carried out on the natural fermentation liquid of radish raw juice. The special strain was identified according to the morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical test and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and the nutrient composition, lactic acid bacteria quantity and aroma components of obtained products were analyzed. The results showed that 5 strains of gram-positive bacteria producing acid were obtained, among which, strain YZ18 was developed with white or transparent colonies, smooth surface, regular edge and central bulge, and it was stable after culture and passage. YZ18 was selected as a special strain to inoculate radish juice and it produced acid rapidly with good smells and reproducibility. YZ18 was identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain by 16S rDNA sequence analysis appraisal. The total sugar content, total acid content and pH value of the fermented liquid were 21.30 g·100 g-1, 3.63 g·kg-1 and 3.61, respectively. The magnitude of lactic acid bacteria reached 108 cfu·mL-1. Aroma components in the fermented liquid were richer than those in radish juice and it contained not only esters, sulfide but alkenes and alcohols. In conclusion, strain YZ18 is suitable to ferment the acid fermented beverages of white radish juice. The drink is sweet and delicious with strong fragrance, and this study provides a technical basis for the further development of radish juice beverage. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Biosystems Engineering

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Prediction of signal peptide of Xylella fastidiosa based on internet software ZHANG Zhichao, HUANG Yong, XU Kecheng, SONG Hong, YANG Junyu, ZHANG Yu, HUANG Qiong 2017, 29(3):  515-520.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2017.03.23 Abstract ( 602 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1007KB) ( 1596 )   One approach to rapidly predict the functions of an entire proteome is to utilize genomic database information and prediction software. Thus, we used a set of prediction algorithms to computationally define a potential secretome. In Xylella fastidiosa, the N-terminal signal peptide was predicted by SignalP version 2.0. Two hundred and four ORFs were predicted to encode proteins with N-terminal signal peptides. Among these, 173 were predicted with no transmembrane domain (or a single transmembrane domain at the extreme N-terminus). TargetP was used to eliminate proteins with 19 mitochondrial targeting signals, and 154 was predicted not to be GPI-anchored. The final computationally-predicted Xylella fastidiosa secretome was estimated to consist of up to 149 ORFs. One hundred and fourteen secretary signal peptides and 32 twin-arginine signal peptides which occupied 76.5% and 21.5% of secretome respectively, and 3 lipoprotein signal peptides only occupied 2%, preplan-like, bacteriocin and pheromone signal peptides were not found. References | Related Articles | Metrics