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25 August 2018, Volume 30 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Science
Animal Science
Horticultural Science
Plant Protection
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Crop Science

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Bioinformatics analysis of miR169 gene family in Brassica napus L. and prediction of their target genes RUAN Xianle, WANG Junsheng, LIU Hongzhan, CHEN Liangbing, ZHAO Jinhui 2018, 30(8):  1273-1280.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.01 Abstract ( 762 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF (1868KB) ( 1539 )   To understand the miR169 gene family in oilseed rape, the bioinformatics method was used to analyze the chromosomal location, molecular evolution, conservatism of the precursor sequence, promoter and target gene of the members of the miR169 gene family. The results showed that miR169 gene family members were distributed in 9 chromosomes. Evolution analysis showed that these genes were divided into two groups. The precursor sequence was highly conserved at the position where the mature miRNA was formed. There were 13 main elements in the upstream promoter of the miR169 genes, endosperm expression element, anaerobic stress component, thermal response element and MBS had the most quantities. miR169 gene family had a total of 16 target genes, most of which belong to the NF-YA gene family. The results laid a good foundation for further research on the function of miR169 gene family in oilseed rape. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of physiological and biochemical characteristics of maize male sterile mutant K305ms WANG Yan, SHI Haichun, YU Xuejie, ZHAO Changyun, KE Yongpei 2018, 30(8):  1281-1287.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.02 Abstract ( 620 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1069KB) ( 1479 )   In order to understand physiological and biochemical characteristics of the maize genic male sterile mutant K305ms induced by60Co-γ irradiation, male sterile mutant K305ms and fertile plant K305F from their sister-crossed line were used as materials. The content change of soluble protein, free proline, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) during the anther development stage were detected. The main results were showed as follows: The soluble protein content and free proline content in anther and glume of K305ms mutant were lower than fertile plant K305F during anther development stage; Moreover, the activities of SOD and CAT in anther of K305ms mutant were significant lower than those in K305F, whereas the POD activity was significant higher. The results indicated that genic male sterility of maize was related to abnormal metabolism of soluble protein and the disordered reactive oxygen scavenging enzyme system (ROS) during the development of anther. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and characterization of low phytic acid germplasm in maize (Zea mays L.) XU Xiuhong, LYU Guihua, GUO Guojin, CHEN Jianjian 2018, 30(8):  1288-1294.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.03 Abstract ( 609 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1635KB) ( 1434 )   In this study, by60Coγ radiation mutagenesis, two high inorganic phosphorus maize mutants, lpa-zhong1 and lpa-zhong2, were created. The allelism of mutation and genetic controlling types, as well as seed germination rate and field emergence rate, the concentrations of various forms of phosphorus, trace elements content, agronomic traits and yield-related agronomic traits of the mutant lines and wild type parent lines, were studied in this study. The results showed that the two mutations are allelic, and the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene. The mutation accounted for low germination rate, significantly increased concentrations of inorganic phosphorus and significantly reduced concentrations of phytic acid. Compared with the wild type parent lines, the trace elements content and agronomic traits of the maize mutant lines had no significant difference. Except the significant decline in the 100 grain weight, other yield-related traits had no significant difference. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Canonical correlation and path analysis on earliness and yield traits of sea-island cotton ZHANG Xiying, LIU Jiangna, ZHANG Tingjun, ZHAO Zhansheng 2018, 30(8):  1295-1302.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.04 Abstract ( 389 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1301KB) ( 1454 )   To study the relationship between earliness and yield traits of sea-island cotton, 181 F2: 3 family lines built from sea-island cotton varieties Xinhai 3 and Jiza 82 were used as materials to measure the earliness and yield traits, statistical software was used for typical correlation and path analysis. The results showed that indicators of earliness and yield traits were in line with the normal distribution and were controlled by multiple gene, they were quantitative characters heredity traits. The correlation coefficient between the typical variable U1 in the yield traits group and the typical variable V1 in the earliness traits group was 0.548, which reached extremely significant level; The typical variables of earliness traits were mainly determined by the growth durations and the typical variable of yield traits were mainly determined by the lint yield; According to the path analysis, all of the 5 earliness traits had direct positive effect on the lint yield. So the yield might be increased when the earliness traits were optimized; The positive effects on lint yield, in order of importance, were Miaolei period, the nod of first fruiting branch and growth durations. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Animal Science

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Isolation, identification and molecullar epidemiological analysis of 17-ZJ-HZ strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus BA Shaobo, SHI Lin, LI Qunjing, LIU Zhengkui, CHEN Lin, WANG Xiaodu, SONG Houhui 2018, 30(8):  1303-1311.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.05 Abstract ( 693 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (3341KB) ( 1448 )   The weaned piglets from a farm in Hangzhou had high fever, expiratory dyspnea and other symptoms, who were suspected infection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The samples of pathological lung from three infected pigs were sent to laboratory testing. The nucleic acids of pathogen were detected by real-time PCR. The lung homogenate was sterilized and inoculated into MARC-145 cells, and the virus replication was confirmed by cytopathic effect observation (CPE), Western-blot and indirect immunofluorescence (IFA). The full-length sequence of the viral genome was obtained by segmental RT-PCR and biological sequencing. The nucleotide sequences of the strain were analyzed by MEGA and other softwares. The molecular epidemiology of GP5 and NSP2 amino acid sequences of this virus were obtained. The piglets of three days were infected with PRRSV to evaluate the virulence. The results showed that the virus was successfully isolated and named as 17-ZJ-HZ. The whole genome sequences of PRRSV was obtained, and the length of its sequence was 15 325 bp. The results of sequence analysis showed that, the NSP2 of this virus had deletions of typical 29+1 amino acids compared with the classical strain. The results of phylogenetic analysis indicated that 17-ZJ-HZ was attributed to subgroup of HP-PRRSV, and the PRRSV(17-ZJ-HZ) caused typical clinic symptoms and lesions after infected piglets 60 h. In brief, the strain was North American strain of highly pathogenic PRRSV. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Modification of antioxidant peptide from loach protein by Plastein reaction GAO Dandan, CHENG Hao, MA Zhongren, TIAN Xiaojing, LI Mingsheng, CHEN Shi'en, CHANG Kunpeng, LIU Gendi, NAZARIYAH Yahaya 2018, 30(8):  1312-1320.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.06 Abstract ( 531 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1378KB) ( 1412 )   Loach protein was hydrolyzed by neutrase to prepare antioxidant peptide in this study. Plastein reaction was used to modify loach protein hydrolysates for enhancing the scavenging ability of DPPH free radical of peptides by papain. The influences of the types of added amino acids, the extrinsic glycine dose, the substrate/enzyme ratio, pH value, temperature and hydrolysis time on scavenging ability of DPPH free radical of the Plastein reaction modification of loach protein hydrolysates were investigated by using single factor analysis method. On this basis, the optimal technology conditions for Plastein reaction modification of antioxidant peptide from loach protein was obtained by response surface methodology. Results showed that the optimal conditions for Plastein reaction modification of antioxidant peptide from loach protein were as followings: substrate concentration at 40%, extrinsic dose of histidine at 0.5 mmol·g-1, E/S ratio at 1 782.49 U·g-1, pH at 9.0, temperature at 35 ℃, and reaction time at 3.0 h. The antioxidant activity of modified antioxidant peptide by Plastein reaction was about 1.99 times of original antioxidant peptide under this condition, and the scavenging ability of DPPH free radical was (77.98±0.08)%. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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SNP screening and protein function prediction of TLR2 gene in Chinese Holstein cattle YANG Yongjiang, WU Enyun, REN Wenwen, MA Boyan, GAO Chenghong, LI Hongxu, LIU Lixia, CAO Xin, ZANG Rongxin, YANG Jutian, ZHANG Li 2018, 30(8):  1321-1327.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.07 Abstract ( 524 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1169KB) ( 1409 )   In order to rapidly screen the Toll-like receptor 2 gene SNPs, DNA pooling and direct sequencing method were used to identify SNP mutation patterns of TLR2 gene in Chinese Holstein cattle in this study. The allele frequencies of each SNP were estimated and the effects of mutation on the TLR2 mRNA and protein were predicted by bioinformatics. The results showed that there were 6 nucleotide mutation sites in the coding region, T602A, G10900C, G11047C, A11076T, C12077T, T10634G, respectively. Among them T10634G was a missense mutation, resulting in the substitution of 64 amino acids from glutamic acid (Gly) to aspartic acid (Asp). The results can provide experimental basis on Chinese Holstein cattle breeding for disease resistance. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of partial biological characteristics and drug sensitivity between Cladosporium cladosporioides wild strain (Z20) from giant panda and mutant strain (Zt) MA Xiaoping, YANG Qiuxia, YU Yan, LI Desheng, WANG Chengdong, LING Shanshan, GU Yu 2018, 30(8):  1328-1335.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.08 Abstract ( 492 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1619KB) ( 1540 )   In order to explore the difference of biological characteristics and drug sensitivity of Cladosporium cladosporioides (Z20) and the mutant strain (Zt), Z20 and Zt were continuously incubated on PDA medium for 7 d, and the colony morphology and growth information were observed and recorded every day. The ultrastructure of Z20 and Zt were observed under the transmission electron microscope. The polysaccharide contents of Z20 and Zt were detected by sulfuric acid-phenol method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of five commonly used antifungal agents against Cladosporium cladosporioides Z20 and Zt were determined by 96-well plate microdilution method. The results showed as follows: The growth rate of Zt was higher than Z20, the colour of colony was shallow, but the number of spores decreased on PDA by continuously incubate. Under the transmission electron microscope, the mycelial wall thickness and mycelial width of wild strain Z20 were significantly greater than those of mutant strain Zt, and sugar content of mycelium was also significantly higher than that of mutant strain Zt. Antifungal susceptibility test showed that except griseofulvin, the sensitivity of mutant strain Zt to five drugs were higher than that of the Z20. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathological observation of a giant panda with primary liver cancer WANG Chengdong, GAO Qi, LI Desheng, ZHANG Hemin, DENG Linhua, WU Honglin, CHEN Zhengli 2018, 30(8):  1336-1340.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.09 Abstract ( 501 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (4660KB) ( 1437 )   The aim of this study was to observe the pathological lesions of multiple organs from giant pandas died of multiple organ dysfunction caused by primary liver cancer, and to explore the pathological features of giant panda hepatocellular carcinoma. The giant panda “Panpan” was 31 years old, male, died on December 28, 2016. After systemic anatomy, the liver, pancreas, stomach, duodenum, colon, rectum, heart, lung, kidney, bladder, spleen, thyroid, submandibular gland, mesenteric lymph node, submandibular lymph node, testis, perianal skin tissue, forelimb muscle, hind limb muscle and whole body tumor tissue were took for hematoxylineosin (HE) staining. Ascites, nodular hyperplasia of the liver surface, a large number of bleeding points in the distal rectum, part of the splenomegaly, scattered small nodules in the perianal skin, scattered nodules in the skin inside the right scrotum were found, and the tumors in its right armpit, left lobe of the liver, diaphragm, peritoneum and mesentery in autopsy could be seen clearly. HE staining results showed that multifocal abscesses were observed in the liver tissue, a part of hepatocytes were necrotic and polygonal, hepatocytes arranged in adenoid and pebble-like structure, cells were dysplasia, the ratio of nuclear to cytoplasm and cell density increased, atypical cell clumps were observed in renal tissue. Heart, lung, pancreas, duodenum, rectum, spleen, bladder, thyroid, mesenteric lymph nodes, submandibular lymph nodes, testis, perianal skin, forelimb muscle and hind limb muscle all had pathological damage. The results suggested that the giant panda died due to multiple organ dysfunction or even failure, which was suspected to be a large area of primary liver cancer caused by the rapid transfer of the adjacent. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Horticultural Science

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Accumulation characteristics of ascorbic acid, glutathione and organic acids in Huangguogan fruit DAI Lin, XU Yuanyuan, XIONG Bo, HUANG Shengjia, SUN Guochao, WANG Zhihui 2018, 30(8):  1341-1348.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.10 Abstract ( 534 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1198KB) ( 1581 )   To study the accumulation characteristics and correlation of ascorbic acid, glutathione and organic acids in Huangguogan fruit during fruit development, contents of ascorbic acid, glutathione and organic acids in Huangguogan fruit were measured. The results showed that AsA was the the main component of ascorbic acid and GSH was the main component of glutathione during the fruit development, their contents were 21.11-33.73 and 58.99-186.37 μmol·L-1, respectively. Seven kinds of organic acids were detected in fruit, among which citric acid content was the highest, in the range of 641.10-4 192.85 mg·100g-1 with the trend of “down-up-down”. The results of correlation analysis showed that the correlations of T-AsA content to AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG were significant at P<0.01 level, indicating that the redox capacity of AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG played an important role in the accumulation and maintenance of T-AsA. There was a significant positive correlation between the organic acids and organic acids, indicating a mutually reinforcing relationship between these two indicators. Principal component analysis showed that the scores of T-AsA and AsA were the highest, with a value of 0.534, indicating that the effects of T-AsA and AsA on the principal components were relatively largest. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficients with citric acid and oxalic acid to T-GSH were maximum and positive, indicating that citric acid and oxalic acid had a significant effect on the accumulation of T-GSH. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Response of six germplasms of Chrysanthemum and related genera to drought stress GUO Yanhong, ZHANG Jingxing, YANG Yongjuan, CHEN Juntong, SUN Ming, LIAO Jing 2018, 30(8):  1349-1354.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.11 Abstract ( 682 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1108KB) ( 1693 )   In order to screen drought resistant germplasms of Chrysanthemum and related genera, we investigated and collected sixteen species of germplasm of Chrysanthemum and related sources in north and central China including Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Shandong and Fujian provinces. According to their wild habitats and adaptation, in this study, photosynthetic characteristics and physiological indexes of leaves under drought stress (soil water content of 30%-35%) were measured by pot experiment in six species including Opisthopappus taihangensis, Filifolium sibiricum, Ajania fruticulosa, Chrysanthemum indicum, Chrysanthemum mongolicum, Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium. And the drought resistance of different species was evaluated by membership function method in order to screen out the germplasms with good quality and high drought resistance. The results showed that the photosynthetic and physiological indexes of the six wild species showed different degrees after drought stress, and the membership function method was used to evaluate the drought resistance from strong to weak followed by: Opisthopappus taihangensis, Filifolium sibiricum, Ajania fruticulosaLedeb, Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium, Chrysanthemum mongolicum, Chrysanthemum indicum. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of vegetable soybean yield with fluorescence, spectra, photosynthetic parameters after fertilization HU Zhihui, WANG Yanjie, ZHANG Liqin 2018, 30(8):  1355-1362.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.12 Abstract ( 475 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1017KB) ( 1575 )   The parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence, spectrum, photosynthesis and yield of four vegetable soybean species of Chunfengjizao, M-3, M-4 and Lvbaoshi were measured at flowering, podding, seed filling stages. And three stepwise regression analysis equations of different periods between chlorophyll fluorescence, spectrum, photosynthetic parameters and yield were performed, respectively. The results showed that the best regression equation was Y=2 188.29+5 044.33X2+6.80X4-8 916.41X8+14 236.59X10-0.04X12+2 283.78X15 at podding period. These results provided some useful value for forecasting yield at an early period. Therefore, in the practical production when these parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence, spectrum and photosynthesis at podding period were determined, the soybean yield could be forecasted by the equation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of 5 bagging treatments on sugar and acid content and chlorpyrifos pesticide residues in early maturing pears LI Gangbo, FAN Jide, ZHAO Lin, ZHANG Ting, ZHANG Mei, YANG Yan, YANG Feng 2018, 30(8):  1363-1368.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.13 Abstract ( 394 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1344KB) ( 1422 )   In order to investigate the effects of 5 bagging treatments on fruit quality, sugar and acid content, and chlorpyrifos pesticide residues in early maturing pears, the pear variety Sucui No. 1 was used as material. Liquid chromatography and gas chromatography were used to analyze the content of sugar and acid chlorpyrifos pesticide residues. The results showed that the smoothness and brightness of bagging fruits were significantly improved, and the treatments in yellow white bag (HB) and black wax composite bag (FL) had no significant effect on fruit size and fruit shape index. The content of sorbitol in fruits had no significant difference, while the content of sucrose, glucose and fructose decreased significantly. The total sugar content of HB was relatively high. Compared with the control, the total sugar content of HB treatment was decreased by 6.36%. The effects of 5 kinds of bags on malic acid, quinidine acid and total acid were greater, but not on citric acid content. Compared with the control, chlorpyrifos residues in fruits treated with HB and FL were decreased by 37.37% and 55.55%, respectively. Among them, the content of chlorpyrifos residue in FL decreased by 29.03%, compared with HB. The effect of reducing chlorpyrifos residue in three layer paper bags was better than that in double layer bag. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Plant Protection

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Identification of blackleg pathogen on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Qinghai WANG Xin, CHENG Liang, WANG Yayi, GAO Xusheng, LI Songling 2018, 30(8):  1369-1375.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.14 Abstract ( 537 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1908KB) ( 1677 )   The causal pathogen causing blackleg of Solanum tuberosum L. was observed in the plantation in Qinghai Province in recent years. Five strains isolaed from five counties in Qinghai were characterized by morphological, biochemical and physiological methods, and analyses of 16S rRNA sequence as well as Pa subspecies geneome. The results indicated that all of the five strains were pathogenic to potato and caused blackleg of potato, suggesting that Pectobacterium atrosepticum was the blackleg pathogens on potato in Qinghai. The pathogenicity tests of the bacterial strains showed significant difference among the species isolated from different regions in Qinghai. Three highly pathogenic strains came from Ledu, Huangzhong and Datong, two moderately pathogenic strains mainly came from Minhe and Huangyuan. Pectobacterium atrosepticum was the blackleg pathogen on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Qinghai Province. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Residual degradation dynamics of lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin in apple and its removal method YU Youyi, YANG Lu, LIAO Xiang, CHENG Ping, WU Shengli, LI Hong 2018, 30(8):  1376-1381.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.15 Abstract ( 666 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (981KB) ( 1836 )   In the present study, laboratory simulation test and gas chromatography were used to investigate the degradation dynamics of lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin in apple, and to explore suitable cleaning method for domestic application. It was shown that the residues of lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin mainly remained in pericarp. Their degradation dynamics both fit the first order kinetics, and the degradation rate was faster in the early period and decreased later until stable. Under both room temperature [(25±2) ℃]and 4 ℃, the half-life of lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin was the shortest in pericarp. It was feasible to remove lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin by cleaning with detergent solution, salt solution, acetic acid solution, baking soda solution or tap water, but the removal efficiency varied. In order to avoid secondary pollution of detergent, it was suggested to wash apple with 10% NaCl solution to remove lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Environmental Science

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Simulation study on effects of root length distribution and soil texture on crop transpiration TAN Min, YU Yongfu, HU Zhengfeng, ZHANG Kefeng 2018, 30(8):  1382-1388.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.16 Abstract ( 480 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1117KB) ( 1581 )   Root water uptake is a key process in the water dynamics of the soil-crop system, and the root length distribution has a great impact on water uptake. In this study, a numerical investigation was carried out into the effects of root distributions in clay loam and sandy loam soils on soil water content distribution and root water uptake under two potential transpiration rates. It was shown that for a given rooting depth of 30 cm, the variation of soil water content in the root zone was significant during the process of transpiration, and the contribution of soil water below the 40 cm depth was ignorable to transpiration. A uniform distribution of root length was helpful for water uptake during the early phrase of transpiration, but encountered difficulty at later stages. The variation pace of soil water content was faster in the sandy loam soil than that in the clay loam soil, and it was easier for roots in the sandy loam soil to capture water in the vicinity of the root zone area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of fertilization on soil active organic carbon and carbon pool management index LUO Yuanjun, PU Yulin, LONG Gaofei, YE Chun, ZHU Bo 2018, 30(8):  1389-1397.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.17 Abstract ( 531 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1134KB) ( 1471 )   Based on long-term field experiment, the effects of different fertilization treatments on purple soil active organic carbon and carbon pool management index (CPMI) were investigated. Six fertilization treatments were used in this study, including no fertilizer (CK), only synthetic N fertilizer (N), synthetic NPK fertilizer (NPK), only organic manure (OM), organic manure with synthetic NPK (OMNPK), crop residues with synthetic NPK (RSDNPK). The results showed that all treatments with fertilizers increased the content of soil organic carbon and active organic carbon compared with CK, and OM and RSDNPK showed the highest enhancement. The content of soil total organic carbon (TOC), permanganate oxidized organic carbon (PXOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were increased by 91.4%, 109.2%, 57.5%, 35.1%, respectively, in OM, and by 142.8%, 95.4%, 70.8%, 46.2%, respectively, in RSDNPK. PXOC, MBC and DOC accounted for 36.18%-49.13%, 1.64%-2.58% and 0.57%-0.94% of TOC, respectively. The proportions of PXOC and MBC were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in RSDNPK compared to those in CK, but the proportion of DOC had no significant change within all treatments. CPMI of OM and RSDNPK were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of N and NPK treatments. The content of PXOC, MBC were significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01) positively correlated with the content of N, P nutrient, and CPMI were significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01) positively correlated with the content of PXOC, MBC, TN, AN and AP. It was concluded that application of organic manure or crop residues with synthetic NPK fertilizer could increase the organic carbon storage and improve soil quality. PXOC and CPMI could be used as sensitive indicators of purple soil quality. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of water flow manipulation on growth and biomass synthesis of Sargassum fusiforme and Ulva pertusa under three indoor simulated eutrophic scenarios YU Yan, WERNBERG Thomas, DE BETTIGNIES Thibaut, PAN Yaoru, LI Chao, LIN Fang, ZHOU Chaosheng, HUANG Zhixing, WU Jiaping, XIAO Xi 2018, 30(8):  1398-1407.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.18 Abstract ( 518 )   HTML ( 514 )   PDF (1556KB) ( 1359 )   Seaweed aquaculture is a cost-efficient and environmental-friendly way for marine eutrophication bioremediation. However, water flow is often a limit factor to seaweed growth. The results showed that for Sargassum fusiforme, the maximum of specific growth rate was (4.34 ± 0.11) %·d-1 at a water exchange rate of 200 vol·d-1, but for Ulva pertusa, the maximum would reach (6.31 ± 1.42) %·d-1 or (8.00 ± 0.79) %·d-1 at a water exchange rate of 100 vol·d-1 and the medium or high nutrient concentration respectively. The growth rates of both species depended on application scenarios, and U. pertusa was more tolerant to highly eutrophic environment. The concentrations of all the compounds in U. pertusa also differed significantly between the scenarios, while only the soluble protein in S. fusiforme showed significant change. Enhanced water flow changed the growth of U. pertusa and soluble carbohydrate of S. fusiforme significantly. Land-based experiment indicated that the specific growth rate of S. fusiforme increased by 80% and 14% at medium and high water exchange velocities, while 41.3% and 33.3% for U.pertusa respectively, comparing with that of low water exchange velocity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Food Science

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Effect of brewing conditions on phytochemicals contents and antioxidant capacities of Angelica keiskei tea ZHANG Chengcheng, LI Xiaoqiong, ZHENG Meiyu, LIU Daqun 2018, 30(8):  1408-1413.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.19 Abstract ( 499 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1076KB) ( 1449 )   In the present study, the effects of different brewing conditions, including different brewing temperature and brewing time, on the leaching amount of total phenols, total flavonoids, total chalcone and antioxidant activities of Angelica keiskei tea fermented with cellulase were systematically analyzed. It was shown that the release of phenols, flavonoids, chalcone increased firstly and then decreased as temperature increased from 80 ℃ to 95 ℃, and the maximum contents of phenols, flavonoids and chalcone in tea soup were found under 90 ℃. The contents of phenols, flavonoids and chalcone dissolved in the tea soup increased rapidly in 15 min, and then reached the saturation state. Corelation analysis revealed that antioxidant activity determined by DPPH assays was significantly (P<0.05) positively correlated with contents of phenols, flavonoids and chalcone. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of trace selenium in agricultural products with microwave digestion-dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry XING Chaogang, YUAN Jingqun, LI Shimin 2018, 30(8):  1414-1419.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.20 Abstract ( 500 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1051KB) ( 1364 )   A dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (DRC-ICP-MS) method was proposed for the determination of trace selenium in agricultural products digested in closed vessel microwave with nitric acid. Application of methane as the reactive cell gas in the DRC reduced the argon dimer interferences at selenium masses m/z 80. The effects of the reaction gas species, flow rate and rejection parameter q (RPq) of the DRC system on signal-to-background ratio were studied. It was shown that the interference was eliminated when CH4 was used as reaction gas with flow rate of 0.9 mL·min-1, and RPq was 0.7. The proposed method had a wide linear range of 0.01~200 μg·L-1 and a low limit of detection and quantitation (0.001 μg·g-1 and 0.004 μg·g-1, respectively). The relative standard deviation was 3.39% (n=7), and the recoveries were between 97.32%~101.1%. Validation of the method was carried out by determining Se in standard reference citrus leaves GBW10020. Good agreement was obtained between the certified value and the experimental result. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Biosystems Engineering

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Determination of moisture content in soybean leaves based on terahertz imaging BU Zhengyan, LI Zhenfeng, SONG Feihu, LI Bin, LI Jing 2018, 30(8):  1420-1426.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.21 Abstract ( 516 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1258KB) ( 1611 )   In order to obtain water information from plant leaves rapidly and accurately, a new method for determining moisture content in soybean leaves was developed on the basis of the terahertz spectral imaging system. The terahertz images of selected 96 soybean leaves with different moisture contents were captured by the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system (THz-TDS), and the moisture contents of leaves were measured by the electronic scale. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on the 0.2-1.6 THz terahertz images, and three effective bands 0.557, 1.098, 1.163 THz were determined. Adaptive threshold segmentation was adopted to divide the leaf image into the vein image and the mesophyll image. Then gray features of the gained images of leaf, vein and mesophyll were computed,which were classified into three groups: the group of leaf (G1), the group of vein (G2) and the group of mesophyll (G3). At the same time, algorithms of multiple linear regression (MLR), back propagation (BP) neural network (BP-ANN) and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) were used to establish 9 prediction models of moisture content in soybean leaves, and the 3 groups were used as input. It turned out that the LS-SVM model based on G3 had the best prediction results among all models, as the determination coefficient of the calibration set and the prediction set reached 0.967 8 and 0.963 2, respectively, and the root mean square errors were 0.057 8 and 0.046 5, respectively. The experiment results showed that the proposed method was accurate and offered an effective means to measure the moisture content of crop leaves. References | Related Articles | Metrics

Agricultural Economy and Development

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Study on influence of disease eradication on breeding of offspring of animals: an empirical analysis of 297 large-scale chicken farms in China ZHANG Rui, LIU Yumei, ZHAI Xinyan, ZHANG Miaojie, YANG Wenhuan, YANG Lin 2018, 30(8):  1427-1434.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.22 Abstract ( 403 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF (1012KB) ( 1388 )   In the year of 2012, the state council of the People's Republic of China put forward the “National Plan for Prevention and Control of Long-term Animal Diseases (2012-2020)”, which requires the gradual control, eradication and elimination of 16 animal diseases. Based on this, this paper used the survey data of 297 chicken farms in China, in order to analyze the effect of the disease purifying on the breeding of offspring of chicken farms using random effects model. The results showed that the daily highest egg laying rate, hatching egg pass rate, hatching egg fertility rate and fertile egg hatching rate of purified chicken farms were1.091%, 1.090%, 0.892%, 0.528% higher than those of unpurified chicken farms respectively. Compared with the difference between the index of breeding of offspring between the purified chicken farms and the unpurified chicken farms, the differences caused by purified different disease types were small. Increasing vaccine expense, reducing the use of veterinary drugs, and rationally setting up the number of technicians can effectively improve the breeding ability of the offspring of the flock. Using enclosed chicken house, non-cage housing method, non-autotrophic breeding method and bulk marketing could improve the breeding ability of the offspring of the chicken farms to some extent. Among the seven regions in the country, the chickens in north China had the strongest breeding offspring ability. The government should step up publicity on the disease eradication, and actively organize training and communication of disease eradication. While carrying out the disease eradication, the chicken farms need to pay attention to the vaccine immunization work, minimize the use of veterinary drugs, and effectively employ technicians. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins in piglets ZONG Qiufang, QIN Weiyun, HUO Yongjiu, WU Shenglong, BAO Wenbin 2018, 30(8):  1435-1444.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2018.08.23 Abstract ( 872 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (2042KB) ( 1485 )   Tight junction (TJ) is the main connection form between intestinal epithelial cells. It plays an important role in maintaining intestinal epithelial mechanical barrier and permeability of pig intestinal mucosa. The tight junction proteins are important protein molecules that form the intestinal mucosal barrier and determine the permeability of the intestinal wall, which have a great influence on the composition and function of the tight junctions. Among these proteins, zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), Occludin (OCLN) and Claudins (CLDN) are the main components of the tight junctions, involving in maintaining the function of cell polarity and tight junction barrier. This review summarized the structure, biological functions and gene expression of tight junction proteins of ZO-1, Occludin and Claudins, then further offered an overview of the recent advances of these proteins for providing theoretical basis for further elucidating the functions of porcine tight junction-related proteins and developing treatment for diseases such as diarrhea and intestinal inflammation. References | Related Articles | Metrics