双层平筛式半夏收获机设计与试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.10.19

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 1946-1955.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.10.19

双层平筛式半夏收获机设计与试验

王锋¹(), 张锋伟¹, 戴飞¹, 张陆海², 赵伟³, 杨小平¹^,^*()

1.甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州 730070
2.甘肃省农业机械化技术推广总站,甘肃兰州 730070
3.定西市三牛农机制造有限公司,甘肃定西 743022

收稿日期:2021-03-02 出版日期:2021-10-25 发布日期:2021-11-02
通讯作者: 杨小平
作者简介:*杨小平,E-mail: yangxp@gsau.edu.cn
王锋(1993—),男,甘肃榆中人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业机械装备。E-mail: 452950191@qq.com
基金资助:
甘肃省科技厅民生科技专项(20CX9NA098);甘肃省重点研发计划(20YF8NA101)

Design and experiment of double layer flat screen type Pinellia ternate harvester

WANG Feng¹(), ZHANG Fengwei¹, DAI Fei¹, ZHANG Luhai², ZHAO Wei³, YANG Xiaoping¹^,^*()

1. Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
2. Gansu Agricultural Mechanization Technology Extension Station, Lanzhou 730070, China
3. Dingxi Sanniu Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Dingxi 743022, China

Received:2021-03-02 Online:2021-10-25 Published:2021-11-02
Contact: YANG Xiaoping

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对丘陵山区地带半夏人工收获劳动强度大、效率低、收获期长、收获损失率高,而现有的根茎类收获机械直接应用于半夏时存在采收不彻底、分离效果不佳、二次除杂工作量大等问题的现状,结合种植农艺,设计一种半夏收获机。样机主要由挖掘装置、升运装置、筛分装置和收集装置组成。用解析法分析确定升运装置的升运速度,进而确定升运量和计算功率;分析筛面上半夏与土壤复合物竖直、水平运动的条件,确定偏心轮转速范围为530~753 r·min^-1,偏心距范围为15~25 mm;分析半夏从升运装置到筛面的运动特性,确定升运装置顶端距离筛面的高度为350 mm。用EDEM软件模拟筛分过程,验证参数选择的合理性。仿真结果表明:平筛频率为9 Hz、幅值为20 mm时,筛面复合物颗粒分布均匀;复合物可以完成后滑、前移和抛起运动,无淤积等筛分不畅现象;复合物颗粒跳动周期性明显,竖直方向总速度差别明显,所选参数符合筛分装置设计要求。半夏收获试验样机田间试验表明:当行进速度为0.5 m·s^-1、挖掘深度为83 mm、拖拉机输出转速为540 r·min^-1时,挖净率为97.3%,伤损率为3.51%,含杂率为4.97%,符合根茎类中药材收获机质量评价技术规范要求和样机设计要求。研究成果可为半夏收获机的设计与研制提供应用实例与技术参考。

关键词: 半夏, 升运装置, 筛分装置, 离散元法, 数值模拟

Abstract:

The artificial harvest of Pinellia ternata in hilly and mountainous areas has problems of high labor intensity, low efficiency, long harvest period, high harvest loss rate, etc. Meanwhile, the application of current harvester also has shortcomings of incomplete harvest, poor separation effect, large workload of secondary impurity removal and so on. To overcome these problems, a Pinellia ternata harvester was designed. The prototype is mainly composed of digging device, lifting device, screening device and collection device. Analytical method is used to analyze and determine the lifting speed of the lifting device, hence determine the lifting capacity and power.The conditions of vertical and horizontal movement of Pinellia ternata and soil complex is analyzed, and the eccentric wheel speed is determined in the range of 530-753 r·min ^-1, along with the eccentric distance range of 15-25 mm.By analyzing the motion characteristics of Pinellia ternata from the lifting device to the sieve surface, the height of the top of the lifting device to the sieve surface is determined as 350 mm. EDEM software is used to simulate the screening process to verify the rationality of parameter selection. The simulation results show that when the frequency of the flat screen is 9 Hz and the amplitude is 20 mm, the distribution of the complex particles on the sieve surface is uniform.The complex particles can complete the backward movement, forward movement and throwing movement, without siltation and other screening obstructions.The periodicity of the complex particles and the difference of the total velocity in the vertical direction are obvious, indicating that the design of the screening device with selected parameters are reasonable. The field test of the prototype of Pinellia ternata harvest shows that when the speed is 0.5 m·s ^-1, the digging depth is 83 mm, and the output speed of the tractor is 540 r·min^-1, the net excavation ratio is 97.3%, the damage rate is 3.51%, and the impurity content is 4.97%. The test indexes all meet the technical requirements of quality evaluation and prototype design requirements. This study can provide application examples and technical references for the design and development of Pinellia ternata harvester.

Key words: Pinellia ternate, lifting device, screening device, discrete element method, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

S225.7⁺9

王锋, 张锋伟, 戴飞, 张陆海, 赵伟, 杨小平. 双层平筛式半夏收获机设计与试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(10): 1946-1955.

WANG Feng, ZHANG Fengwei, DAI Fei, ZHANG Luhai, ZHAO Wei, YANG Xiaoping. Design and experiment of double layer flat screen type Pinellia ternate harvester[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(10): 1946-1955.

图/表 11

图1 半夏收获机结构简图 A,轴测图;B,右视图。1,挖掘装置;2,旋转耙齿;3,悬挂曲板;4,变速箱;5,拉杆;6,侧拉杆;7,碎土轮;8,支撑轮调高手柄;9,支撑轮杆;10,吊杆;11,固定板;12,机架;13,收集箱;14,上层筛;15,下层筛;16,弹簧;17,支撑轮;18,偏心装置;19,升运装置。

Fig.1 Structure diagram of Pinellia ternate harvester A, Isometric view; B,Right view. 1, Digging device; 2,Rotary rake teeth; 3, Hanging curved plate; 4,Transmission case; 5, Pull rod; 6, Side pull rod; 7, Crushing wheel; 8, Support wheel height adjusting handle;9, Supporting wheel rod; 10, Boom; 11, Fixed plate; 12, Frame; 13, Collecting box;14, Upper screen; 15, Lower screen; 16, Spring;17, Supporting wheel; 18, Eccentric device; 19, Lifting device.

表1 主要技术参数

Table 1 Main technical parameters

指标Index	参数Parameter
挂接方式 Connection mode	牵引式 Traction type
外形尺寸(长×宽×高)Dimensions(Length×width×height)/(mm×mm×mm)	3 680×1 300×1 325
整机质量Overall quality/kg	980
作业速度Operation speed/(km·h^-1)	1.32~2.88
作业幅宽Working width/mm	1 100
配套动力范围Auxiliary power range/kW	50~75
挖掘深度Excavation depth/mm	70~120
挖掘铲型式 Excavator type	平面整体式 Plane integral type

图2 升运装置 1,托链轮;2,支撑轮固定板;3,内链板;4,外链板;5,L型刮板;6,螺栓;7,方钢;8,主动链轮。

Fig.2 Lifting device 1, Carrier wheel; 2, Support wheel fixed plate; 3, Inner chain plate; 4, Outer chain plate; 5, L-type scraper; 6, Bolt;7, Square steel; 8,Driving sprocket.

图3 筛分装置 1,传动链轮;2,偏心轮轴;3,偏心轮;4,轴承座;5,偏心轮外轴承;6,支撑轮套;7,分流挡板;8,粗筛;9,上筛架;10,细筛;11,下筛架;12,后吊杆;13,弹簧;14,前吊杆。

Fig.3 Screening device 1,Drive sprocket; 2, Eccentric shaft; 3, Eccentric wheel; 4, Bearing seat; 5,Eccentric outer bearing; 6, Supporting wheel sleeve; 7, Shunt baffle;8, Coarse screen; 9, Upper screen frame; 10, Fine screen; 11, Lower screen frame; 12, Rear boom; 13, Spring; 14, Front boom.

图4 半夏下落过程图示

Fig.4 Diagram of falling process of Pinellia ternate

表2 仿真模型参数

Table 2 Simulation model parameters

对象Object	参数Parameter	数值Numerical value
土壤Soil	泊松比Poisson's ratio	0.3
	密度Density/(kg·m^-3)	2 600
	剪切模量Shear modulus/P_a	5.0×10⁷
半夏Pinellia ternata	泊松比Poisson's ratio	0.3
	密度Density/(kg·m^-3)	1 012.68
	剪切模量Shear modulus/P_a	1.366×10⁷
筛网Screen mesh	泊松比Poisson's ratio	0.3
	密度Density/(kg·m^-3)	7 865
	剪切模量Shear modulus/P_a	7.9×10¹⁰
土壤与土壤Soil and soil	恢复系数Coefficient of restitution	0.2
	静摩擦因数Static friction factor	0.4
	动摩擦因数Dynamic friction factor	0.3
土壤与半夏Soil and Pinellia ternate	恢复系数Coefficient of restitution	0.06
	静摩擦因数Static friction factor	0.50
	动摩擦因数Dynamic friction factor	0.01
半夏与半夏Pinellia ternata and Pinellia ternata	恢复系数Coefficient of restitution	0.790
	静摩擦因数Static friction factor	0.452
	动摩擦因数Dynamic friction factor	0.024
土壤与筛网Soil and screen mesh	恢复系数Coefficient of restitution	0.3
	静摩擦因数Static friction factor	0.5
	动摩擦因数Dynamic friction factor	0.05
半夏与筛网Pinellia ternate and screen mesh	恢复系数Coefficient of restitution	0.525
	静摩擦因数Static friction factor	0.445
	动摩擦因数Dynamic friction factor	0.269

图5 筛分过程颗粒速度示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of particle velocity in screening process

图6 Z轴方向标记颗粒坐标值随时间的变化

Fig.6 Changes of coordinate value of particles along Z-axis with time

图7 半夏与土壤颗粒竖直方向总速度随时间的变化

Fig.7 Changes of vertical total velocity of Pinellia ternata and soil particles with time

图8 半夏收获样机田间性能试验现场照片 A,样机作业;B,筛分效果。

Fig.8 Photos of field performance test of Pinellia ternate harvest prototype A, Prototype operation; B,Screening effect.

表3 双层平筛式半夏收获机收获指标

Table 3 Experimental results on harvest index of double layer flat screen type Pinellia ternate harvester %

试验指标 Test index	标准值 Standard	试验结果 Test result
挖净率Net excavation ratio	≥95	97.3
伤损率Damage rate	≤5	3.51
含杂率Impurity content	≤5	4.97

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双层平筛式半夏收获机设计与试验

Design and experiment of double layer flat screen type Pinellia ternate harvester

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