基于CFD-DEM的排肥用波纹管结构优化设计与试验

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.01.21

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 191-201.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.01.21

基于CFD-DEM的排肥用波纹管结构优化设计与试验

张一帆(), 何瑞银(), 段庆飞, 徐勇

南京农业大学工学院,江苏南京210031

收稿日期:2021-09-24 出版日期:2023-01-25 发布日期:2023-02-21
通讯作者: *何瑞银,E-mail:ryhe_njau@163.com
作者简介:张一帆(1996—),男,江苏南京人,硕士研究生,主要从事农机现代设计理论及方法研究。E-mail:njauzhangyifan@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300908);国家重点研发计划(2012)

Numerical analysis of flow characteristics and structural optimization of bellows based on CFD-DEM

ZHANG Yifan(), HE Ruiyin(), DUAN Qingfei, XU Yong

College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China

Received:2021-09-24 Online:2023-01-25 Published:2023-02-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究波纹管结构参数与输送均匀性的关系,获得最优参数组合以提高气力排肥均匀性。本文基于CFD-DEM耦合仿真技术构建了以排肥均匀性变异系数为响应值的二次响应面模型,在单因素试验的基础上采用BDD法研究了波纹管幅宽、波纹间距和波长之间交互作用对排肥均匀性的影响,并获得了波纹管的最佳参数组合,最后进行台架试验对仿真模型与优化结果进行验证。仿真试验结果表明,排肥均匀性变异系数随波长、幅宽、波纹间距的增加先减小后增加,波纹管结构参数对排肥均匀性的影响显著性顺序为幅宽>波长>波纹间距。波纹管最优结构参数为波长18.103 mm,波纹间距12.158 mm,幅宽8.863 mm,此时排肥均匀性变异系数为7.5%。单因素台架试验中尿素颗粒仿真预测值与台架实际值变化趋势一致,数值基本重合,最优参数组合波纹管排肥均匀性变异系数与仿真试验预测值相对误差的均值为5.84%,说明仿真模型精确可靠。复合肥颗粒变化趋势与尿素颗粒基本一致,说明仿真模型具有普适性。本研究可为波纹管的使用与优化提供参考。

关键词: 波纹管, 响应面, 仿真试验, 结构优化, 排肥均匀性

Abstract:

In order to explore the relationship between bellows structural parameters and conveying uniformity, the optimal parameter combination was obtained to improve the uniformity of pneumatic fertilizer discharge. Based on CFD-DEM coupling simulation technology, this paper constructed a quadratic response surface model with the variation coefficient of fertilizer discharge uniformity as the response value. On the basis of single factor test, BDD method was used to study the influence of the interaction between bellows width, bellows spacing and wavelength on fertilizer discharge uniformity, and the best parameter combination of bellows was obtained, Finally, the bench test was carried out to verify the simulation model and optimization results. The simulation results showed that the variation coefficient of fertilizer discharge uniformity firstly decreased and then increased with the increase of wavelength, width and ripple spacing. The order of significance of the influence of bellows structural parameters on fertilizer discharge uniformity was width>wavelength>ripple spacing. The optimal structural parameters of bellows were wavelength 18.103 mm, ripple spacing 12.158 mm and width 8.863 mm. At this time, the variation coefficient of fertilizer discharge uniformity was 7.5%. In the single factor bench test, the change trend of urea particle simulation predicted value was consistent with the actual value of the bench, and the values basically coincided. The average value of the relative error between the variation coefficient of corrugated pipe fertilizer discharge uniformity of the optimal parameter combination and the predicted value of the simulation test was 5.84%, which showed that the simulation model was accurate and reliable. The change trend of compound fertilizer particles was basically consistent with that of urea particles, which showed that the simulation model was universal. This study can provide a reference for the use and optimization of bellows.

Key words: corrugated pipe, response surface, simulation test, structural optimization, fertilizer uniformity

中图分类号:

S220.3

张一帆, 何瑞银, 段庆飞, 徐勇. 基于CFD-DEM的排肥用波纹管结构优化设计与试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(1): 191-201.

ZHANG Yifan, HE Ruiyin, DUAN Qingfei, XU Yong. Numerical analysis of flow characteristics and structural optimization of bellows based on CFD-DEM[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(1): 191-201.

图/表 16

图1 波纹管结构示意图 a,波纹管几何结构图;b,三维建模效果图。

Fig.1 Structural diagram of bellows a, Bellows geometric structure diagram; b, 3D modeling rendering.

图2 网格划分结果示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of meshing results

图3 划分网格箱体并对各个箱体内颗粒累加计数

Fig.3 Dividing grid box and accumulating counting the number of particles in each box

表1 单因素试验因素水平表

Table 1 Single factor test factor level table mm

水平 Level	因素Factor
水平 Level	波长 Wavelength	波纹间距 Ripple spacing	幅宽 Width of cloth
1	0	0	2
2	5	5	4
3	10	10	6
4	15	15	8
5	20	20	10

图4 不同幅宽下排肥均匀性变异系数变化

Fig.4 Variation coefficient of fertilizer uniformity under different width of cloth

图5 不同波长下排肥均匀性变异系数变化

Fig.5 Variation coefficient of fertilizer uniformity under different wavelengths

图6 不同波纹间距下排肥均匀性变异系数变化

Fig.6 Variation coefficient of fertilizer uniformity under different ripple spacing

表2 BDD法实验组因素编码及水平

Table 2 Factors and levels of experiment based on BDD method

编码 Code	影响因素 Influence factor	水平Level
编码 Code	影响因素 Influence factor	-1	0	+1
A	幅宽Width of cloth/mm	6	8	10
B	波纹间距Ripple spacing/mm	0	10	20
C	波长Wavelength/mm	10	15	20

表3 实验组BDD法响应面试验设计与结果

Table 3 Orthogonal test table based on BDD method

序号 Serial number	编码 Code			变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
序号 Serial number	A	B	C	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
1	0	0	0	7.65
2	1	-1	0	11.60
3	0	0	0	8.84
4	1	0	-1	15.30
5	1	0	1	8.70
6	1	1	0	9.76
7	-1	-1	0	11.45
8	-1	0	-1	15.24
9	0	0	0	8.61
10	-1	1	0	15.5
11	0	0	0	7.45
12	0	-1	1	12.54
13	0	1	1	11.50
14	0	0	0	8.43
15	0	1	-1	17.89
16	0	-1	-1	11.61
17	-1	0	1	15.45

图7 BDD法残差分析 a,内学生化残差正态分布概率;b,外学生化残差与预测值;c,预测值与实际值。

Fig.7 Residual analysis of BDD method a, Normal distribution probability of internal biochemical residuals; b, Residual error and predictive value of external biochemistry; c, Predicted values and actual values.

表4 方差分析结果

Table 4 Analysis of variance results

方差来源 Variance source	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Freedom	均方差 Mean variance	F值 F value	P值 P value	显著性 Significance
模型Model	165.77	9	18.42	44.42	<0.000 1	极显著Significant
A	18.85	1	18.85	45.46	0.000 3
B	6.94	1	6.94	16.73	0.004 6
C	17.55	1	17.55	42.33	0.000 3
AB	8.67	1	8.67	20.92	0.002 6
AC	11.59	1	11.59	27.96	0.001 1
BC	13.40	1	13.40	32.31	0.000 7
A²	18.30	1	18.30	44.12	0.000 3
B²	13.60	1	13.60	32.79	0.000 7
C²	48.44	1	48.44	116.84	<0.000 1
残差Residual	2.90	7	0.41
失拟项Lack of fit	1.41	3	0.47	1.25	0.401 7	不显著
纯误差	1.50	4	0.37			Not significant
总和	168.67	16

图8 BDD法响应面分析结果 a,波长与波纹间距对变异系数的交互作用;b,波纹间距与幅宽对变异系数的交互作用; c.波长与幅宽对变异系数的交互作用。

Fig.8 response surface analysis results of BDD method a, Interaction between wavelength and ripple spacing on coefficient of variation; b, Interaction between ripple spacing and width of cloth on coefficient of variation; c, Interaction of wavelength and width of cloth on coefficient of variation.

图9 气力式排肥试验台 1,排肥管;2,分配器;3,波纹管;4,弯管;5,供料喷射器;6,排肥控制盒;7,风机调速器;8,排肥电机;9,风机;10,排肥器;11,肥箱。

Fig.9 Pneumatic fertilizer discharge test bench 1, Fertilizer discharge pipe; 2, Distributor; 3, Bellows; 4, Elbow; 5, Jet feeder; 6, Fertilizer discharge control box; 7, Fan governor; 8, Fertilizer discharge motor; 9, Fan; 10, Fertilizer discharge device; 11, Fertilizer box.

图10 尿素颗粒仿真值与实际值对照 a, 不同幅宽仿真值与实际值对照;b,不同波长仿真值与实际值对照;c,不同波纹间距仿真值与实际值对照。

Fig.10 Comparison between simulated value and actual value of urea granules a, Comparison between simulation values and actual values of different widths; b, Comparison between simulated values and actual values of different wavelengths; c, Comparison between simulation value and actual value of different ripple spacing.

图11 尿素颗粒与复合肥颗粒台架试验结果对照 a,不同幅宽尿素与复合肥对照;b,不同波长尿素与复合肥对照;c,不同波纹间距尿素与复合肥对照。

Fig.11 Comparison of bench test results of urea granules and compound fertilizer granules a, Comparison of urea and compound fertilizer with different widths; b, Comparison of urea and compound fertilizer with different wavelengths; c, Comparison of urea and compound fertilizer with different ripple spacing.

表5 最优参数台架试验结果

Table 5 Bench experiment results %

试验编号 Test number	排肥均匀性变异系数 Coefficient of variation of fertilizer uniformity	仿真试验预测值 Simulation estimate	相对误差 Relative error	相对误差均值 Relative error mean
1	7.89	7.5	5.2	5.84
2	7.68		2.4
3	7.74		3.2
4	8.22		9.6
5	8.16		8.8

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基于CFD-DEM的排肥用波纹管结构优化设计与试验

Numerical analysis of flow characteristics and structural optimization of bellows based on CFD-DEM

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