绿色木霉B3菌株的抑菌谱及其抑菌活性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231115

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 2257-2263.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231115

绿色木霉B3菌株的抑菌谱及其抑菌活性

马利军(), 武娜娜, 徐秉良, 刘佳, 张树武^*()

甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,甘肃省农作物病虫害生物防治工程实验室,甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2023-09-15 出版日期:2024-10-25 发布日期:2024-10-30
作者简介:马利军(1996—),男,甘肃定西人,硕士研究生,研究方向为资源利用与植物保护。E-mail:2338293879@qq.com
通讯作者: ^*张树武,E-mail:zhangsw704@126.com
基金资助:
甘肃农业大学“伏羲杰出人才培育计划”项目(Gaufx-03J03);甘肃省重点研发计划(23YFNA0020);甘肃省杰出青年基金项目(18JR3RA161);兰州市科技计划项目(2021-1-39)

Determination of antifungal spectrum and evaluation of antifungal activity of Trichoderma viride B3 strain

MA Lijun(), WU Nana, XU Bingliang, LIU Jia, ZHANG Shuwu^*()

Engineering Laboratory for Biological Control of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2023-09-15 Online:2024-10-25 Published:2024-10-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)B3菌株的抑菌谱及其抑菌作用活性,采用对峙培养与显微观察相结合的方法测定绿色木霉B3菌株的抑菌谱和抑菌作用活性。结果表明,绿色木霉B3菌株对供试的8种植物病原真菌具有拮抗效果,对丛梗孢(Monilia sp.)和灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)菌落生长的抑制作用最强,生长抑制率分别为90.8%和88.9%,拮抗等级为I级;对苹果链格孢菌(Alternaria mali)的生长抑制作用最弱,生长抑制率仅为48.2%,拮抗等级为Ⅲ级。对峙培养发现,绿色木霉B3菌株对丛梗孢的抑制作用主要通过与病原菌竞争生长空间实现,在两菌落的接触处,病原菌菌丝出现附着、缠绕、膨大、缢缩等现象。综上,绿色木霉B3菌株对丛梗孢和灰葡萄孢具有显著的拮抗作用。

关键词: 绿色木霉, 植物病原菌, 拮抗作用, 生长抑制率

Abstract:

In order to explore the antifungal spectrum and antifungal activity of Trichoderma viride B3 strain, the confrontation culture and microscopic observation were used to determine and clarify the antifungal spectrum and mechanism of T. viride B3 strain. The results showed that T. viride B3 strain had antagonistic effects against 8 plant pathogenic fungi. It had the strongest inhibition effect on the colony growth of Monilia spp. and Botrytis cinerea among the 8 plant pathogenic fungi, with the growth inhibition rates of 90.8% and 88.9%, respectively, and the antagonistic level went to Grade I; while it had the weakest inhibition effect on the growth of Alternaria mali, with the inhibition rate of 48.2% and the antagonistic level went to Grade Ⅲ. The observation of confrontation culture showed that, when T. viride B3 strain and Monilia spp. contacted with each other, T. viride B3 strain quickly occupied the nutritional growth space of the pathogenic fungi, the contact between colonies and pathogen colonies made pathogen hyphae entangled, expanded, contracted and dissolved. In conclusion, T. viride B3 strain had antagonistic effect against Monilia sp. and B. cinerea.

Key words: Trichoderma viride, plant pathogen, antagonism, growth inhibition rate

中图分类号:

S476.12

马利军, 武娜娜, 徐秉良, 刘佳, 张树武. 绿色木霉B3菌株的抑菌谱及其抑菌活性[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(10): 2257-2263.

MA Lijun, WU Nana, XU Bingliang, LIU Jia, ZHANG Shuwu. Determination of antifungal spectrum and evaluation of antifungal activity of Trichoderma viride B3 strain[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(10): 2257-2263.

图/表 3

图1 绿色木霉B3菌株对8种植物病原菌的拮抗作用观察 I、II、III分别展示绿色木霉B3菌株与8种植物病原菌对峙培养、单一病原菌(对照)和两菌落交界处的图片;A~H分别展示绿色木霉B3菌株与丛梗孢、链格孢苹果专化型、苹果黑腐皮壳、尖孢镰孢、立枯丝核菌、灰葡萄孢、梨黑腐皮壳和苹果链格孢对峙培养的结果。

Fig.1 Observation the antagonism of Trichoderma viride B3 strain against 8 plant pathogenic fungi I, II, III show the confrontation culture of T. viride B3 strain with 8 plant pathogens, the single pathogen (control) and the junction of two colonies, respectively. A-H show the confrontation culture results of T. viride B3 with Monilia sp., Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali, Valsa mali, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, Valsa ambiens, Alternaria mali, respectively.

表1 绿色木霉B3菌株对8种植物病原菌的生长抑制效果

Table 1 Growth inhibition rates of Trichoderma viride B3 against 8 plant pathogenic fungi

病原菌 Pathogens	处理菌落半径 Colony radius of treatment/mm	对照菌落半径 Colony radius of control/mm	生长抑制率 Growth inhibition rate/%
丛梗孢Monilia sp.	5.1	30.8	90.8±0.2 a
灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea	5.7	31.2	88.9±0.2 a
苹果黑腐皮壳Valsa mali	7.6	28.3	80.2±0.3 b
立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani	7.7	27.8	79.5±0.4 b
尖孢镰孢Fusarium oxysporum	9.6	27.4	71.5±0.5 c
梨黑腐皮壳Valsa ambiens	13.6	25.6	52.0±0.5 d
链格孢苹果专化型	14.5	27.1	51.2±0.5 de
Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali
苹果链格孢Alternaria mali	12.3	21.4	48.2±0.5 e

图2 绿色木霉B3菌株对丛梗孢寄生过程的显微观察 A、B、C、D、E、F分别显示对峙培养3、4、5、6、7、8 d时绿色木霉B3菌株对丛梗孢寄生过程的体式显微观察结果;G、H分别显示绿色木霉B3菌株和丛梗孢正常菌丝的显微形态;I、J显示绿色木霉B3菌株与丛梗孢菌丝相互作用后丛梗孢的菌丝被附着和缠绕的现象;K、L显示两菌菌丝相互作用后丛梗孢菌丝出现膨大和缢缩的现象。A~F和G~L中的标尺分别为2 mm和20 μm。

Fig.2 Microscopic observation of the parasitic process of Trichoderma viride B3 against Monilia sp. A, B, C, D, E, F show the microscopic observation results of T. viride B3 strain’s parasitic process on Monilia sp. on the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th days of confrontation culture, respectively. G and H show the normal hyphae of T. viride B3 and Monilia sp., respectively. I and J show the adhesion and entanglement of Monilia sp. mycelium after the interaction between T. viride B3 strain and Monilia sp. mycelium. K and L show the expansion and contraction of Monilia sp. mycelium after the interaction between the two strains. The scales in A-F and G-L are 2 mm and 20 μm, respectively.

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绿色木霉B3菌株的抑菌谱及其抑菌活性

Determination of antifungal spectrum and evaluation of antifungal activity of Trichoderma viride B3 strain

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