浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 1891-1904.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241008
陈亚飞1,2(
), 史肖肖2, 余水生3, 叶碧欢2, 宋其岩2, 沈建军2, 陈友吾2,*(
)
收稿日期:2024-11-21
出版日期:2025-09-25
发布日期:2025-10-15
作者简介:陈友吾,E-mail:21853245@qq.com通讯作者:
陈友吾
基金资助:
CHEN Yafei1,2(
), SHI Xiaoxiao2, YU Shuisheng3, YE Bihuan2, SONG Qiyan2, SHEN Jianjun2, CHEN Youwu2,*(
)
Received:2024-11-21
Online:2025-09-25
Published:2025-10-15
Contact:
CHEN Youwu
摘要: 为明确浙江省遂昌九龙山国家级自然保护区虫生真菌资源状况,2024年对该保护区的虫生真菌资源进行了初步调查。共采集标本22个,对罹病虫体进行形态观察、菌株分离和纯化,并基于核糖体大亚基(LSU)及核糖体内转录间隔区(ITS)序列进行分子鉴定。结果表明,分离到的虫生真菌隶属7属11种,包括虫草属(Cordyceps)5种、布莱克威尔霉属(Blackwellomyces)1种、白僵菌属(Beauveria)1种、弯颈霉属(Tolypocladium)1种、线虫草属(Ophiocordyceps)1种、侧头虫草属(Pleurocordyceps)1种、紫孢霉属(Purpureocillium)1种,其中虫草属为优势属,细脚虫草(Cordyceps tenuipes)为优势种;虫生真菌主要以鳞翅目和半翅目昆虫为寄主。本研究揭示了九龙山国家级自然保护区虫生真菌资源的种类多样性和寄主多样性,为该区虫生真菌资源的开发利用提供了依据。
中图分类号:
陈亚飞, 史肖肖, 余水生, 叶碧欢, 宋其岩, 沈建军, 陈友吾. 浙江省遂昌九龙山国家级自然保护区虫生真菌资源调查[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(9): 1891-1904.
CHEN Yafei, SHI Xiaoxiao, YU Shuisheng, YE Bihuan, SONG Qiyan, SHEN Jianjun, CHEN Youwu. Investigation of entomogenous fungi resources in Jiulongshan National Nature Reserve of Suichang County, Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(9): 1891-1904.
| 物种 Species | 参考序列Reference sequence | |
|---|---|---|
| LSU | ITS | |
| 蜂头线虫草Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala | JN941445 | PQ334991 |
| 开化布莱克威尔霉Blackwellomyces kaihuaensis | NG243308 | NR191262 |
| 蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris | MT974304 | ON024333 |
| 独角龙Tolypocladium dujiaolongae | OQ747979 | MW242636 |
| 侧头虫草属Pleurocordyceps sp. | PP410595 | LC669786 |
| 细脚虫草/细脚棒束孢Cordyceps tenuipes/Isaria tenuipes | MT974285 | GU194179 |
| MH869511 | FJ008675 | |
| OR194074 | EF411223 | |
| 环链虫草/环链拟青霉Cordyceps cateniannulata/Paecilomyces cateniannulatus | MH879589 | EU545151 |
| 蝉花Cordyceps cicadae | MT555406 | MW718303 |
| MW492907 | MW718302 | |
| 淡紫拟青霉Purpureocillium lilacinum | MH876800 | MT529896 |
| 粉质虫草/粉质棒束孢Cordyceps farinosa/Isaria farinosa | MH870163 | GU354351 |
| 球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana | MW242686 | PP799821 |
表1 系统发育树分析所用参考序列
Table 1 Reference sequences for phylogenetic tree analysis
| 物种 Species | 参考序列Reference sequence | |
|---|---|---|
| LSU | ITS | |
| 蜂头线虫草Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala | JN941445 | PQ334991 |
| 开化布莱克威尔霉Blackwellomyces kaihuaensis | NG243308 | NR191262 |
| 蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris | MT974304 | ON024333 |
| 独角龙Tolypocladium dujiaolongae | OQ747979 | MW242636 |
| 侧头虫草属Pleurocordyceps sp. | PP410595 | LC669786 |
| 细脚虫草/细脚棒束孢Cordyceps tenuipes/Isaria tenuipes | MT974285 | GU194179 |
| MH869511 | FJ008675 | |
| OR194074 | EF411223 | |
| 环链虫草/环链拟青霉Cordyceps cateniannulata/Paecilomyces cateniannulatus | MH879589 | EU545151 |
| 蝉花Cordyceps cicadae | MT555406 | MW718303 |
| MW492907 | MW718302 | |
| 淡紫拟青霉Purpureocillium lilacinum | MH876800 | MT529896 |
| 粉质虫草/粉质棒束孢Cordyceps farinosa/Isaria farinosa | MH870163 | GU354351 |
| 球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana | MW242686 | PP799821 |
图1 浙江遂昌九龙山虫生真菌部分标本 A~F、K,鳞翅目蛹;G、N,鳞翅目幼虫;H、I和M,蝉若虫;J,蜂;L,叩甲。
Fig.1 Some specimens of entomogenous fungi from Jiulongshan, Suichang County, Zhejiang Province A-F and K, Lepidoptera pupae; G and N, Lepidoptera larvae; H, I and M, Cicada nymphs; J, Apoidea; L, Elateridae.
| 属 Genus | 种 Species | 菌株编号 Strain number | 标本数 Number of specimens |
|---|---|---|---|
| 虫草属Cordyceps | 细脚虫草C. tenuipes | SC-01、SC-02、SC-05、SC-06、SC-07、SC-08、SC-09、SC-13 | 8 |
| 环链虫草C. cateniannulata | SC-10 | 1 | |
| 蛹虫草C. militaris | SC-14 | 1 | |
| 蝉花C. cicadae | SC-03、SC-04、SC-20、SC-21、SC-22 | 5 | |
| 粉质虫草C. farinosa | SC-19 | 1 | |
| 布莱克威尔霉属Blackwellomyces | 开化布莱克威尔霉B. kaihuaensis | SC-12 | 1 |
| 白僵菌属Beauveria | 球孢白僵菌B. bassiana | SC-17 | 1 |
| 弯颈霉属Tolypocladium | 独角龙T. dujiaolongae | SC-15 | 1 |
| 线虫草属Ophiocordyceps | 蜂头线虫草O. sphecocephala | SC-11 | 1 |
| 紫孢霉属Purpureocillium | 淡紫拟青霉P. lilacinum | SC-18 | 1 |
| 侧头虫草属Pleurocordyceps | 未知Unknown | SC-16 | 1 |
表2 浙江遂昌九龙山虫生真菌种类统计
Table 2 Statistics of entomogenous fungi in Jiulongshan, Suichang County, Zhejiang Province
| 属 Genus | 种 Species | 菌株编号 Strain number | 标本数 Number of specimens |
|---|---|---|---|
| 虫草属Cordyceps | 细脚虫草C. tenuipes | SC-01、SC-02、SC-05、SC-06、SC-07、SC-08、SC-09、SC-13 | 8 |
| 环链虫草C. cateniannulata | SC-10 | 1 | |
| 蛹虫草C. militaris | SC-14 | 1 | |
| 蝉花C. cicadae | SC-03、SC-04、SC-20、SC-21、SC-22 | 5 | |
| 粉质虫草C. farinosa | SC-19 | 1 | |
| 布莱克威尔霉属Blackwellomyces | 开化布莱克威尔霉B. kaihuaensis | SC-12 | 1 |
| 白僵菌属Beauveria | 球孢白僵菌B. bassiana | SC-17 | 1 |
| 弯颈霉属Tolypocladium | 独角龙T. dujiaolongae | SC-15 | 1 |
| 线虫草属Ophiocordyceps | 蜂头线虫草O. sphecocephala | SC-11 | 1 |
| 紫孢霉属Purpureocillium | 淡紫拟青霉P. lilacinum | SC-18 | 1 |
| 侧头虫草属Pleurocordyceps | 未知Unknown | SC-16 | 1 |
图5 浙江遂昌九龙山虫生真菌菌落特征 A,细脚虫草;B,蝉花;C,开化布莱克威尔霉;D,蜂头线虫草;E,环链虫草;F,蛹虫草;G,独角龙;H,侧头虫草属;I,球孢白僵菌;J,淡紫拟青霉;K,粉质虫草。每个物种均展示菌落正面(1)和反面(2)的照片。
Fig.5 The colony characteristics of entomogenous fungi in Jiulongshan, Suichang County, Zhejiang Province A, Cordyceps tenuipes; B, C. cicadae; C, Blackwellomycyes kaihuaensis; D, Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala; E, C. cateniannulata; F, C. militaris; G, Tolypocladium dujiaolongae; H, Pleurocordyceps sp.; I, Beauvevie bassiana; J, Purpureocillium lilacinum; K, C. farinosa. There are two photos showing the front side (1) and back side (2) of the colony of each species.
| 寄主 Host | 各物种的寄生情况Parasitic conditions of each species | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 细脚虫草 Cordyceps tenuipes | 蝉花 C. cicadae | 蜂头线虫草 Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala | 蛹虫草 C. militaris | 环链虫草 C. cateniannulata | 球孢白 僵菌 Beauweria bassiana | 侧头虫草属 Pleuroco- rdyceps sp. | 开化布莱克 威尔霉 Blackuellomyces kaihuaensis | 独角龙 Tolypocladium dujiaolongae | 粉质虫草 C. farinosa | 淡紫拟青霉 Purpure- ocillium lilacinum | |
| 鳞翅目蛹 | √ | — | — | √ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Lepidoptera pupae | |||||||||||
| 鳞翅目幼虫 | — | — | — | — | √ | — | — | √ | — | — | — |
| Lepidoptera larva | |||||||||||
| 叩头甲 | — | — | — | — | — | √ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Elateridae | |||||||||||
| 蜂科Apoidea | — | — | √ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 蝉若虫 | — | √ | — | — | — | — | √ | — | √ | √ | √ |
| Cicadidae nymph | |||||||||||
表3 浙江遂昌九龙山虫生真菌寄主信息表
Table 3 Host information table of entomogenous fungi in Jiulongshan, Suichang County, Zhejiang Province
| 寄主 Host | 各物种的寄生情况Parasitic conditions of each species | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 细脚虫草 Cordyceps tenuipes | 蝉花 C. cicadae | 蜂头线虫草 Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala | 蛹虫草 C. militaris | 环链虫草 C. cateniannulata | 球孢白 僵菌 Beauweria bassiana | 侧头虫草属 Pleuroco- rdyceps sp. | 开化布莱克 威尔霉 Blackuellomyces kaihuaensis | 独角龙 Tolypocladium dujiaolongae | 粉质虫草 C. farinosa | 淡紫拟青霉 Purpure- ocillium lilacinum | |
| 鳞翅目蛹 | √ | — | — | √ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Lepidoptera pupae | |||||||||||
| 鳞翅目幼虫 | — | — | — | — | √ | — | — | √ | — | — | — |
| Lepidoptera larva | |||||||||||
| 叩头甲 | — | — | — | — | — | √ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Elateridae | |||||||||||
| 蜂科Apoidea | — | — | √ | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 蝉若虫 | — | √ | — | — | — | — | √ | — | √ | √ | √ |
| Cicadidae nymph | |||||||||||
| 调查对象 Subjects of survey | 辛普森多样性指数 Simpson’s diversity index(D) | 香农-威纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index(H') | 物种均匀度指数 Species evenness index(E) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 真菌群落Fungal community | 0.80 | 1.96 | 0.64 |
| 寄主Host | 0.58 | 0.99 | 0.72 |
表4 浙江遂昌九龙山虫生真菌及其寄主的多样性
Table 4 Diversity of entomogenous fungi and their hosts in Jiulongshan, Suichang, Zhejiang
| 调查对象 Subjects of survey | 辛普森多样性指数 Simpson’s diversity index(D) | 香农-威纳指数 Shannon-Wiener index(H') | 物种均匀度指数 Species evenness index(E) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 真菌群落Fungal community | 0.80 | 1.96 | 0.64 |
| 寄主Host | 0.58 | 0.99 | 0.72 |
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