浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 1881-1890.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240872

• 园艺科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

羊肚菌WSJD-1的基质配方优化及其在广西地区的栽培技术

罗阳兰(), 黄丽玲, 黄世旅, 阎勇(), 王灿琴   

  1. 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 微生物研究所, 广西 南宁 530007
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-16 出版日期:2025-09-25 发布日期:2025-10-15
  • 作者简介:阎勇,E-mail:14544286@qq.com
    罗阳兰(1993—),女,陕西汉中人,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向为食用菌资源开发与利用。E-mail:595059345@qq.com
  • 通讯作者: 阎勇
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1902803-4);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2023YM92);创新联盟专项——科技先锋队“强农富民”“六个一”专项行动(桂农科盟202408)

Optimization of substrate formulation and cultivation techniques for Morchella eximia WSJD-1 in Guangxi region of China

LUO Yanglan(), HUANG Liling, HUANG Shilyu, YAN Yong(), WANG Canqin   

  1. Microbiology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
  • Received:2024-10-16 Online:2025-09-25 Published:2025-10-15
  • Contact: YAN Yong

摘要: 为优化羊肚菌(Morchella eximia)菌株WSJD-1的培养基配方并确定广西地区羊肚菌栽培关键技术,本研究采用Plackett-Burman设计、最陡爬坡试验和Box-Behnken响应面法优化菌株WSJD-1培养基。基于优化配方,探究不同播种期、播种量、覆膜方式和连作次数对广西地区羊肚菌生长的影响。结果表明:WSJD-1的最优培养基配方为小麦质量分数83.0%、木屑质量分数10.0%、谷壳质量分数1.8%、KH2PO4质量分数0.3%、MgSO4质量分数0.3%、腐殖土质量分数2.6%、生石灰质量分数1%、石膏质量分数1%,该配方下每袋菌核平均干重达20.879 g,较优化前提高14.68%。不同播种期、播种量、覆膜方式与连作次数对菌丝萌发、原基形成和幼菇出现时间影响均较小。广西地区羊肚菌最适播种期为11月25日至12月2日,每667 m2最佳播种量为200 kg。大棚外覆白色农膜+棚内覆黑色地膜处理的产量最高,达0.669 kg·m-2。连作导致产量显著下降,连作1、2、3次较未连作分别减产47.10%、56.38%和64.78%,且病虫害发生程度随连作次数增加而上升。本研究明确了WSJD-1菌株的最优培养基配方和广西地区羊肚菌栽培的关键技术参数,包括最适播种期、最佳播种量、最优覆膜方式与连作影响。

关键词: 羊肚菌, 培养基, 播种期, 播种量, 覆膜方式, 菌核, 栽培技术

Abstract:

To optimize the culture medium formulation for Morchella eximia strain WSJD-1 and identify key cultivation techniques for Morchella sp. in Guangxi, the Plackett-Burman experiment design, steepest ascent experiments and Box-Behnken response surface methods were used to optimize the substrate composition for WSJD-1 cultivation. Based on the optimized formulation, effects of different sowing dates, seeding rates, mulching methods, and continuous cropping cycle on morel growth in Guangxi were investigated. The results showed that the optimal substrate formula for WSJD-1 was: 83.0% wheat (mass fraction), 10.0% sawdust (mass fraction), 1.8% rice husk (mass fraction), 0.3% KH2PO4 (mass fraction), 0.3% MgSO4 (mass fraction), 2.6% humus soil (mass fraction), 1% quick lime (mass fraction), and 1% gypsum (mass fraction). Under this formulation, the average sclerotia dry weight reached 20.879 g per bag, representing a 14.68% increase compared with the pre-optimization baseline. Variations in sowing date, seeding rate, mulching method, and continuous cropping cycle had little influence on the time required for mycelium germination, primordium formation, and young fruiting body emergence. In Guangxi, the optimal sowing date was between November 25th and December 2nd. The optimal seeding rate was 200 kg per 667 m2. The highest yield (0.669 kg·m-2) was achieved using a combination of white agricultural film covering the greenhouse exterior and black plastic mulch applied inside the greenhouse. Continuous cropping significantly reduced yield: yields after the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd cycles of continuous cropping decreased by 47.10%, 56.38%, and 64.78%, respectively, compared with the non-continuous cultivation. Furthermore, the incidence of pests and diseases increased markedly with the increase of continuous cropping cycles. This study clarified the optimal substrate formula for M. eximia WSJD-1 and key technical parameters for WSJD-1 cultivation in Guangxi, including the optimal sowing date, seeding rate, mulching method, and the impact of continuous cropping.

Key words: Morchella eximia, culture medium, sowing date, seeding rate, mulching method, sclerotia, cultivation technique

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