离心式变量撒肥机关键结构数值模拟与优化

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.06.22

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 1452-1461.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.06.22

离心式变量撒肥机关键结构数值模拟与优化

辛亚鹏¹(), 王琳², 施印炎¹^,^*(), 汪小旵¹, 吴昌伟¹, 刘慧¹

1.南京农业大学工学院,江苏南京 210031
2.拖拉机动力系统国家重点实验室,河南洛阳 471039

收稿日期:2022-06-07 出版日期:2023-06-25 发布日期:2023-07-04
通讯作者: *施印炎,E-mail:shiyinyan@njau.edu.cn
作者简介:辛亚鹏(2001—),男,山西吕梁人,硕士研究生,主要从事农业机械化及其自动化技术研究。E-mail:1005426734@qq.com
基金资助:
江苏省自然科学基金(BK20210410);拖拉机动力系统国家重点实验室开放课题(SKT2022005)

Numerical simulation and optimization of key structure for centrifugal variable fertilizer spreader

XIN Yapeng¹(), WANG Lin², SHI Yinyan¹^,^*(), WANG Xiaochan¹, WU Changwei¹, LIU Hui¹

1. College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Power System of Tractor, Luoyang 471039, Henan, China

Received:2022-06-07 Online:2023-06-25 Published:2023-07-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决离心式变量撒肥机肥料抛撒过程中撒肥不均匀、颗粒分布效果差等实际问题,对现有离心式双圆盘变量撒肥机的关键结构进行优化改进。基于对撒肥机关键结构的理论分析,运用离散元法建立离心式变量撒肥机仿真模型,设计三因素三水平旋转正交试验,对撒肥机圆盘的最速曲线比例、撒肥拨片数量和螺旋落料装置升角进行参数模拟与结构优化。结果表明,各因素对肥料颗粒横向分布变异系数(C_v)的影响从大到小依次为最速曲线比例>撒肥拨片数量>螺旋落料装置升角。经回归分析和优化可知,当撒肥机圆盘的最速曲线比例为0.276,撒肥拨片数量为4,螺旋下料装置升角为47.02°时,C_v最小,为13.29%。试验验证的实测值与数值模拟预测值的平均相对误差为8.99%。上述结果表明,基于离散单元法的撒肥过程仿真分析可以用于离心式撒肥装置工作参数优化设计,模型可靠性高,可为改善变量撒肥机的实际田间作业性能提供理论参考。

关键词: 变量撒肥, 结构优化, 离散单元法, 变异系数

Abstract:

In order to solve the problems of uneven fertilization and poor particle distribution caused by double disc centrifugal fertilizer spreader in the process of throwing rice fertilizer, the key structure of the current centrifugal double disc variable fertilizer spreader was optimized to improve the uniformity of fertilizer application. Based on the theoretical analysis of the key structure, the discrete element method was used to establish the simulation model of the centrifugal variable fertilizer spreader, and the three factor and three-level rotation orthogonal test was designed to simulate the parameters and optimize the structure of the fertilizer disc type (represented by brachistochrone curve shape), the number of blades on the fertilizer disc and the rising angle of the spiral blanking device. The results showed that the influence of factors on the distribution coefficient of variation (C_v) decreased as brachistochrone curve shape of the fertilizer disc>the number of blades>the rising angle of spiral blanking device. Through regression analysis and optimization, it was found that when the brachistochrone curve shape of the fertilizer disc was 0.276, the number of fertilizer blades was 4, and the rising angle of the spiral blanking device was 47.02°, the C_v reached the minimum value of 13.29%. The average relative error between the measured value verified by the experiment and the numerical simulation optimization was 8.99%. These results indicated that the simulation of fertilizer spreading based on discrete element method could optimize the working parameters of centrifugal fertilizer spreading device.The model had high reliability and could provide theoretical reference to improve the field performance of variable fertilizer spreader.

Key words: variable fertilization, structural optimization, discrete element method, coefficient of variation

中图分类号:

S183
S313

辛亚鹏, 王琳, 施印炎, 汪小旵, 吴昌伟, 刘慧. 离心式变量撒肥机关键结构数值模拟与优化[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(6): 1452-1461.

XIN Yapeng, WANG Lin, SHI Yinyan, WANG Xiaochan, WU Changwei, LIU Hui. Numerical simulation and optimization of key structure for centrifugal variable fertilizer spreader[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(6): 1452-1461.

图/表 16

图1 离心式变量撒肥机撒肥系统结构示意图 1,机架;2,肥箱;3,撒肥圆盘;4,撒肥拨片;5,挡肥罩;6,螺旋落料装置。

Fig.1 Structural diagram of fertilizer spreading system of centrifugal variable fertilizer spreader 1, Rack; 2, Particle can; 3, Fertilizer disc; 4, Fertilizer blade; 5, Fertilizer shield; 6, Spiral blanking device.

图2 撒肥拨片设计图

Fig.2 Structural diagram of fertilizer blades

图3 圆盘中颗粒的受力分析模型上部为主视图,下部为俯视图。

Fig.3 Mechanical force analysis acting upon particle on centrifugal disc The upper part is the main view, and the lower part is the top view.

图4 肥箱下端螺旋落料装置的剖视图

Fig.4 Sectional view of spiral blanking device

图5 肥料颗粒落料受力示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of stress on fertilizer particles

图6 斜抛曲线运动图

Fig.6 Diagram of oblique throwing curve motion

表1 物料的特性参数

Table 1 Parameters of material properties

物料 Material	泊松比 Poisson ratio	剪切模量 Shear modulus/MPa	密度 Density/ (t·m^-3)
颗粒Particle	0.24	10.76	1.38/0.87(堆积
			Stacked)
槽轮	0.47	0.95	1.06
Grooved wheel
地面Ground	0.51	110	1.25
钢材Steel	0.30	70 000	7.80

表2 物料的接触力学参数

Table 2 Contact mechanical parameters of materials

物料 Material	恢复系数 Coefficient of restitution	动摩擦系数 Coefficient of kinetic friction	静摩擦系数 Coefficient of static friction	颗粒直径 Diameter/mm
颗粒-颗粒Particle to particle	0.27	0.26	0.34	3.98
颗粒-槽轮Particle to grooved wheel	0.35	0.32	0.47	3.98
颗粒-地面Particle to ground	0.06	1.20	1.13	3.98
颗粒-钢材Particle to steel	0.29	0.59	0.48	3.98

表3 试验因素编码水平表

Table 3 Factors and levels of test

试验因素 Test factor	不同编码所对应的设计值 Setting values for differnet codes
试验因素 Test factor	-1	0	1
A	1/6	1/3	1/2
B	2	3	4
C/(°)	30	45	60

图7 肥料颗粒收集区域

Fig.7 Collection area of fertilizer particles

表4 试验方案与结果

Table 4 Test schemes and results

试验号 Serial No.	各因素的编码水平 Codes for different factors			C_v/%
试验号 Serial No.	A	B	C	C_v/%
1	-1	-1	0	21.44
2	1	-1	0	34.53
3	-1	1	0	13.79
4	1	1	0	24.72
5	-1	0	-1	15.28
6	1	0	-1	32.72
7	-1	0	1	26.57
8	1	0	1	26.59
9	0	-1	-1	13.61
10	0	1	-1	19.80
11	0	-1	1	28.83
12	0	1	0	16.35
13	0	1	1	17.59
14	0	0	0	13.16
15	0	0	0	13.69
16	0	0	0	12.43
17	0	0	0	15.36

表5 方差分析表

Table 5 ANOVA analysis of regression model

变异来源 Source of variance	平方和 Sum of squares	自由度 Freedom	均方和 Mean square	F	P
模型 Model	801.29	9	89.03	14.05	0.001 1
A	215.00	1	215.00	33.92	0.000 6
B	56.08	1	56.08	8.85	0.020 7
C	41.32	1	41.32	6.52	0.037 9
AB	1.17	1	1.17	0.18	0.680 6
AC	75.87	1	75.87	11.97	0.010 6
BC	75.97	1	75.97	11.99	0.010 5
A²	226.74	1	226.74	35.77	0.000 6
B²	28.37	1	28.37	4.48	0.072 2
C²	57.19	1	57.19	9.02	0.019 8
剩余 Residual	44.37	7	6.34	—	—
失拟 Lack of fit	39.72	4	9.93	6.40	0.079 6
误差 Pure error	4.65	3	1.55	—	—
总和 Total	845.66	16	—	—	—

图8 各因素对肥料颗粒横向分布变异系数的影响图中上、下两条虚线为单因素响应拟合曲线的上下限,实线为拟合曲线。上下限差异越小,则拟合效果越好,反之拟合效果越差。

Fig.8 Effect of factors on coefficient of variation in lateral distribution of fertilizer particles The upper and lower dashed lines in the figure are the upper and lower limits of the one-factor response fitting curve, and the solid line is the fitting curve. The smaller the difference between the upper and lower limits, the better the fitting effect, and vice versa.

图9 因素交互作用对肥料颗粒横向分布变异系数的影响

Fig.9 Effect of interaction between factors on coefficient of variation in lateral distribution of fertilizer particles

图10 撒肥性能试验现场照片

Fig.10 Photos of fertilizer spreading performance test

表6 试验验证结果

Table 6 Validation test results %

试验序号 Serial number	实测值 Measured value	相对误差 Relative error
1	14.67	9.41
2	15.34	13.36
3	13.97	4.87
4	14.29	7.00
5	14.83	10.38
6	14.59	8.91
平均值Mean	14.62	8.99

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离心式变量撒肥机关键结构数值模拟与优化

Numerical simulation and optimization of key structure for centrifugal variable fertilizer spreader

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