beta@壳聚糖保鲜涂层的制备及其对太谷梨枣品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221442

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 2212-2221.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221442

beta@壳聚糖保鲜涂层的制备及其对太谷梨枣品质的影响

王诗瑶(), 辛镇忠, 王连, 王愈()

山西农业大学食品科学与工程学院,山西晋中030800

收稿日期:2022-10-09 出版日期:2023-09-25 发布日期:2023-10-09
作者简介:王诗瑶(1990—),女,山西岢岚人,博士,讲师,研究方向为新材料合成。E-mail:haifanyuanhang@163.com
通讯作者: 王愈,E-mail:sxtgwy@126.com
基金资助:
山西农谷建设科研专项项目(SXNGJSKYZX201902);山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2020BQ09);山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2020BQ49);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2020L0145);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2020L0171);山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXYBKY2019010);山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXYBKY2019009)

Preparation of beta@chitosan fresh-keeping coating and its effect on the quality of Taigu pear jujube

WANG Shiyao(), XIN Zhenzhong, WANG Lian, WANG Yu()

College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030800, Shanxi, China

Received:2022-10-09 Online:2023-09-25 Published:2023-10-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

太谷梨枣因成熟期为雨季,采后常伴随开裂、发霉、品质下降等现象,致使其鲜果货架期缩短,商品性下降。为延长太谷梨枣的货架期,制备以beta分子筛为核相,壳聚糖为壳层的类核壳结构保鲜涂层,并探究二者不同配比对太谷梨枣采后品质的影响。通过对梨枣的硬度、失重率、细胞膜通透性、可溶性固形物含量的分析,筛选出beta分子筛与壳聚糖的最佳比例。结果表明:在贮藏70 d后,beta分子筛和壳聚糖质量比为1∶1.5的保鲜涂层处理的太谷梨枣呼吸速率为43.99 mg·kg^-1·h^-1,硬度为4.99 N,与初始相比,硬度保留42%,失重率为2.45%,细胞膜通透性增加了48.67%,可溶性固形物含量下降。由此可见,beta@壳聚糖保鲜涂层在一定程度上能延缓太谷梨枣果实失重率和细胞膜通透性增加的速度,同时抑制硬度、可溶性固形物含量的下降,从而提高果实贮藏品质。

关键词: 太谷梨枣, 壳聚糖, 分子筛, 货架期

Abstract:

Taigu pear jujube often appears unfavorable storage phenomena, such as cracking, moldiness and decline of quality after harvest because its mature period is rainy season. As a result, the shelf life of fresh fruit is shortened and the commodity quality has decreased. In order to extend its shelf life, a kind of core-shell structure fresh-keeping coating with beta zeolite as the core phase and chitosan as the shell phase was prepared, and the effects of different ratios of the beta zeolite and chitosan on the post-harvest quality of Taigu pear jujube were further explored. The best ratio of beta zeolite and chitosan in fresh-keeping coating was explored through testing the hardness, weight loss rate, cell membrane permeability and soluble solid content. The results showed that after 70 days, the respiratory intensity of Taigu pear jujube treated with the fresh-keeping coating with the quality ratio of beta zeolite and chitosan of 1∶1.5 was 43.99 mg·kg^-1·h^-1, its hardness was 4.99 N. Compared to the initial situation, hardness remained 42%, its weight loss rate was 2.45%, its permeability of cell membrane increased by 48.67%, its soluble solid content decreased. These results suggested that beta @chitosan fresh-keeping coating could delay the increase of weight loss rate and cell membrane permeability of Taigu pear jujube to a certain extent, and inhibit the decrease of hardness and soluble solid content, thus improving the fruit storage quality.

Key words: Taigu pear jujube, chitosan, zeolite, shelf life

中图分类号:

王诗瑶, 辛镇忠, 王连, 王愈. beta@壳聚糖保鲜涂层的制备及其对太谷梨枣品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(9): 2212-2221.

WANG Shiyao, XIN Zhenzhong, WANG Lian, WANG Yu. Preparation of beta@chitosan fresh-keeping coating and its effect on the quality of Taigu pear jujube[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(9): 2212-2221.

图/表 6

图1 beta分子筛的结构和形貌 A,X射线粉末衍射图;B,红外光谱图;C,扫描电镜图;D,投射电镜图。

Fig.1 Structure and morphology of beta molecular sieve A, X-ray powder diffraction; B, Carrier infrared spectrum; C, Scanning electron microscope; D, Transmission electron microscope.

图2 Beta分子筛的N2吸附脱附曲线(A)、相对应的微孔分布曲线(B)和全孔孔径分布曲线(C)

Fig.2 N2 adsorption and desorption curve (A), corresponding micropore size distribution curve (B) and corresponding full-pore distribution curve (C) of beta molecular sieve

图3 壳聚糖和复合保鲜剂的结构 A,去乙酰壳聚糖和纳米壳聚糖的X射线粉末衍射图;B,beta分子筛和纳米壳聚糖不同比例复配所得复合保鲜剂的X射线粉末衍射图,a、b、c、d的质量比分别为1∶1、1∶1.25、1∶1.5、1∶1.75;C,复合膜剂的红外光谱图。

Fig.3 Structure of chitosan and compound preservative A, XRD diagram of acetyl chitosan and nano-chitosan; B, XRD pattern of composite preservative prepared by mixing different mass ratios of beta zeolite and nano-chitosan, mass ratios of a, b, c, d are 1∶1, 1∶1.25, 1∶1.5, 1∶1.75, respectively; C, Infrared spectrum of the composite film agent.

图4 贮藏期间太谷梨枣果实呼吸硬度的变化和失重率的变化 1~4,Beta分子筛与壳聚糖的质量比依次为1∶1、1∶1.25、1∶1.5、1∶1.75;5,蒸馏水;6,无处理。相同贮藏时间无相同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0. 05)。下同。

Fig.4 Changes in firmness of Taigu pear jujube during storage and weight loss rate of Taigu pear jujube during storage 1-4, The mass ratio of beta molecular sieve to chitosan oligosaccharide is 1∶1, 1∶1.25, 1∶1.5, 1∶1.75, respectively; 5, Distilled water; 6, No processing. Data marked without the same lowercase letter at the same storage time indicate significant differences at P<0.05. The same as below.

图5 贮藏期间太谷梨枣果实可溶性固形物含量和细胞膜通透性的变化

Fig.5 Changes of soluble solids content and cell membrane permeability of Taigu pear jujube during storage

图6 贮藏期间太谷梨枣果实呼吸速率的变化

Fig.6 Changes of respiratory rate of Taigu pear jujube during storage

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beta@壳聚糖保鲜涂层的制备及其对太谷梨枣品质的影响

Preparation of beta@chitosan fresh-keeping coating and its effect on the quality of Taigu pear jujube

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