富有机硒抹茶的化学组成、抗氧化活性及其对DNA损伤的保护作用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221253

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (9): 2222-2232.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221253

富有机硒抹茶的化学组成、抗氧化活性及其对DNA损伤的保护作用

李笑¹^,²(), 闫婷玉²^,³, 牛丽丽¹^,⁴, 翟盼盼¹^,², 张华峰¹^,²^,^*(), 杨晓华³^,^*(), 彭元金⁵

1.陕西师范大学中俄食品与健康科学国际联合研究中心,陕西省汉阴县富有机硒食品科技创新试验示范站,陕西西安 710119
2.陕西师范大学食品工程与营养科学学院,陕西西安 710119
3.西安交通大学陕西省富硒茶科技创新试验示范站,陕西西安 710061
4.长治市综合检验检测中心,山西长治 046000
5.紫阳县飞瀑茶业有限公司,陕西紫阳 725399

收稿日期:2022-08-29 出版日期:2023-09-25 发布日期:2023-10-09
作者简介:杨晓华,E-mail:xhyang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
李笑(1997—),女,山西吕梁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为富硒食品研究与开发。E-mail:2336409316@qq.com
通讯作者: 张华峰,E-mail:isaacsau@sohu.com; 杨晓华,E-mail:xhyang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国际科技合作计划项目(2022GHJD-22);秦创原“科学家+工程师”队伍项目(安科发〔2022〕88号/S2022-ZC-QCYK-0068);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022CGBX-26/2022CGBX-27/2022ZDLSF05-11)

Chemical composition, antioxidant capacity and protective activity against DNA damage of organic selenium-enriched matcha

LI Xiao¹^,²(), YAN Tingyu²^,³, NIU Lili¹^,⁴, ZHAI Panpan¹^,², ZHANG Huafeng¹^,²^,^*(), YANG Xiaohua³^,^*(), PENG Yuanjin⁵

1. Provincial Research Station of Se-Enriched Foods in Hanyin County of Shaanxi Province, International Joint Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Food and Health Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
2. College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
3. Research Station of Selenium-Enriched Tea of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
4. Centre of Inspection & Experiment Detection in Changzhi City, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi, China
5. Ziyang Feipu Tea Co., Ltd., Ziyang 725399, Shaanxi, China

Received:2022-08-29 Online:2023-09-25 Published:2023-10-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为阐明新型富有机硒抹茶的营养保健作用与物质基础,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪等测定富有机硒抹茶、普通国产抹茶和进口抹茶样品中必需氨基酸、微量元素等营养素和表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)等活性物质的含量,采用电子鼻等分析3种抹茶的感官特性,检测其重金属含量、农药残留状况,研究其体外抗氧化、抗DNA损伤作用。结果表明:富有机硒抹茶的有机硒含量达到了富有机硒食品标准,其硒多糖、硒蛋白的硒含量高于普通国产抹茶和进口抹茶,还含有较丰富的铁、锌、锶等微量元素。富有机硒抹茶中赖氨酸、缬氨酸、苏氨酸3种必需氨基酸和EGCG的含量显著(P<0.05)高于其他2种抹茶。富有机硒抹茶及其蛋白质、多糖中未检出铅、砷、汞、镉,其相对农药残留量显著(P<0.05)低于其他2种抹茶。富有机硒抹茶的感官特性优于普通国产抹茶和进口抹茶,总还原力、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力、抗DNA损伤作用均强于其他2种抹茶。综上,富有机硒抹茶符合国家食品安全标准,营养价值较高,感官特性较好,具有较强的抗氧化、抗DNA损伤活性。

关键词: 抹茶, 有机硒, 营养成分, 抗氧化, DNA损伤

Abstract:

In order to elucidate nutritional value, health benefits and their material basis of the novel organic selenium-enriched matcha (OSM), contents of some nutrients (e.g., essential amino acids and trace elements) and bioactive constituents [e.g., epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)] in 3 kinds of matcha [i.e. organic selenium-enriched matcha, domestic matcha (DM) and imported matcha (IM)] were determined using several instruments such as inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer. The sensory characteristics of 3 kinds of matcha were analyzed using electronic nose and other methods. Heavy metals and pesticide residues were quantified. In vitro antioxidant capacity as well as protective activity against DNA damage were also studied. The results indicated that content of organic selenium in OSM reached the standard of organic selenium-enrich foods. In particular, selenium concentrations in selenium polysaccharide and selenium protein of OSM were higher than those of DM and IM. In addition, OSM was rich in trace elements such as iron, zinc and strontium. Contents of 3 essential amino acids (i.e. lysine, valine and threonine) and EGCG in OSM were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in the other 2 kinds of matcha. Lead, arsenic, mercury and cadmium were not detected in OSM and its protein and polysaccharide, and its relative pesticide residues were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those in DM and IM. The sensory characteristics of OSM were better than those of the other 2 kinds of matcha. Moreover, total reducing power, ABTS and DPPH radical-scavenging ability and protective activity against DNA damage of OSM were stronger than those of DM and IM. In conclusion, organic selenium-enriched matcha meets the national food safety standards, possesses high nutritional value and superior sensory characteristics, and exhibits antioxidant capacity and protective activity against DNA damage.

Key words: matcha, organic selenium, nutrient, antioxidant activity, DNA damage

中图分类号:

李笑, 闫婷玉, 牛丽丽, 翟盼盼, 张华峰, 杨晓华, 彭元金. 富有机硒抹茶的化学组成、抗氧化活性及其对DNA损伤的保护作用[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(9): 2222-2232.

LI Xiao, YAN Tingyu, NIU Lili, ZHAI Panpan, ZHANG Huafeng, YANG Xiaohua, PENG Yuanjin. Chemical composition, antioxidant capacity and protective activity against DNA damage of organic selenium-enriched matcha[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(9): 2222-2232.

图/表 11

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样品 Sample	不同物质的硒含量 Se content in different substances
样品 Sample	多糖Polysaccharide	蛋白质Protein
进口抹茶IM	0.04±0.01 a	0.34±0.03 b
普通国产抹茶DM	0.04±0.01 a	0.23±0.04 c
富有机硒抹茶OSM	0.07±0.02 a	0.47±0.02 a

样品 Sample	不同物质的硒含量 Se content in different substances
样品 Sample	多糖Polysaccharide	蛋白质Protein
进口抹茶IM	0.04±0.01 a	0.34±0.03 b
普通国产抹茶DM	0.04±0.01 a	0.23±0.04 c
富有机硒抹茶OSM	0.07±0.02 a	0.47±0.02 a

提取物Extract	样品Sample	铁Fe	锌Zn	铜Cu	锰Mn	锶Sr
多糖Polysaccharide	进口抹茶IM	0.06±0.01 a	0.02±0.01 a	—	3.17±0.03 b	0.02±0.01 b
	普通国产抹茶DM	0.08±0.01 a	0.04±0.01 a	—	4.98±0.30 a	0.03±0.01 ab
	富有机硒抹茶OSM	0.06±0.01 a	0.03±0.01 a	—	2.27±0.03 c	0.05±0.01 a
蛋白质Protein	进口抹茶IM	0.10±0.02 b	0.03±0.07 a	0.02±0.01 a	0.14±0.01 b	—
	普通国产抹茶DM	0.11±0.02 ab	0.04±0.01 a	0.04±0.01 a	0.10±0.01 b	—
	富有机硒抹茶OSM	0.14±0.03 a	0.02±0.01 a	0.03±0.01 a	0.45±0.02 a	—
抹茶Matcha	进口抹茶IM	0.08±0.01 c	0.03±0.01 a	0.01±0.01 a	0.84±0.02 b	—
	普通国产抹茶DM	0.13±0.02 b	0.03±0.01 a	0.01±0.01 a	1.71±0.04 a	0.01±0.01 ab
	富有机硒抹茶OSM	0.26±0.01 a	0.04±0.01 a	0.02±0.01 a	0.49±0.03 c	0.03±0.01 a

提取物Extract	样品Sample	铁Fe	锌Zn	铜Cu	锰Mn	锶Sr
多糖Polysaccharide	进口抹茶IM	0.06±0.01 a	0.02±0.01 a	—	3.17±0.03 b	0.02±0.01 b
	普通国产抹茶DM	0.08±0.01 a	0.04±0.01 a	—	4.98±0.30 a	0.03±0.01 ab
	富有机硒抹茶OSM	0.06±0.01 a	0.03±0.01 a	—	2.27±0.03 c	0.05±0.01 a
蛋白质Protein	进口抹茶IM	0.10±0.02 b	0.03±0.07 a	0.02±0.01 a	0.14±0.01 b	—
	普通国产抹茶DM	0.11±0.02 ab	0.04±0.01 a	0.04±0.01 a	0.10±0.01 b	—
	富有机硒抹茶OSM	0.14±0.03 a	0.02±0.01 a	0.03±0.01 a	0.45±0.02 a	—
抹茶Matcha	进口抹茶IM	0.08±0.01 c	0.03±0.01 a	0.01±0.01 a	0.84±0.02 b	—
	普通国产抹茶DM	0.13±0.02 b	0.03±0.01 a	0.01±0.01 a	1.71±0.04 a	0.01±0.01 ab
	富有机硒抹茶OSM	0.26±0.01 a	0.04±0.01 a	0.02±0.01 a	0.49±0.03 c	0.03±0.01 a

氨基酸 Amino acid	不同抹茶中的含量 Content in different matcha
氨基酸 Amino acid	普通国产抹茶 DM	进口抹茶 IM	富有机硒抹茶 OSM
天冬氨酸	40.72±0.03	—	57.11±0.02
Asparticacid
苏氨酸	10.83±0.02	—	12.23±0.02
Threonine
丝氨酸Serine	22.88±0.03	—	24.56±0.02
谷氨酸	68.67±0.03	—	103.57±0.02
Glutamicacid
甘氨酸Glycine	17.17±0.03	47.42±0.02	64.51±0.02
丙氨酸Alanine	71.44±0.01	86.06±0.04	69.58±0.02
半胱氨酸	—	—	—
Cysteine
缬氨酸Valine	21.66±0.03	36.30±0.03	44.71±0.02
甲硫氨酸	18.85±0.02	32.15±0.02	25.57±0.01
Methionine
异亮氨酸	7.69±0.01	19.08±0.02	9.18±0.02
Isoleucine
亮氨酸Leucine	—	34.53±0.01	—
酪氨酸Tyrosine	87.39±0.03	68.77±0.02	79.73±0.02
苯丙氨酸	51.51±0.01	113.61±0.02	64.95±0.02
Phenylalanine
赖氨酸Lysine	60.34±0.01	64.66±0.04	70.44±0.03
组氨酸Histidine	15.66±0.01	23.35±0.03	44.73±0.02
精氨酸Arginine	29.85±0.01	81.72±0.02	54.40±0.02
脯氨酸Proline	59.12±0.01	—	68.12±0.01
必需氨基酸	186.54±0.02	323.68±0.02	271.81±0.03
总量TEAA
半必需氨基酸	157.29±0.02	197.91±0.02	223.20±0.03
总量TSEAA
非必需氨基酸	239.95±0.02	86.06±0.02	298.39±0.04
总量TNEAA
总氨基酸TAA	583.78±0.02	607.65±0.02	793.39±0.01
必需氨基酸	31.95±0.02	53.27±0.02	34.26±0.02
占比E/T/%

富有机硒抹茶的化学组成、抗氧化活性及其对DNA损伤的保护作用

Chemical composition, antioxidant capacity and protective activity against DNA damage of organic selenium-enriched matcha

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氨基酸Amino acid	含量Content/(mg·g^-1)	AAS/%	CS/%
异亮氨酸Isoleucine	9.18±0.02	229.60±0.02	139.15±0.02
亮氨酸Leucine	—	—	—
赖氨酸Lysine	70.44±0.03	1 280.76±0.01	1 100.65±0.02
蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Methionine+Cysteine	25.57±0.01	730.50±0.02	464.86±0.01
苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸Phenylalanine+Tyrosine	144.68±0.02	2 411.36±0.01	1 446.81±0.2
苏氨酸Threonine	12.23±0.03	305.87±0.02	239.90±0.03
缬氨酸Valine	44.71±0.01	894.22±0.04	612.48±0.01
合计Total	351.55±0.04

自由基Radical	样品Sample	拟合方程Fitting equation	决定系数R²	EC₅₀/(mg·mL^-1)	EC₂₅/(mg·mL^-1)
DPPH	IM	y=773.210 0x+0.049 5	0.990 6	—	0.030 5
	DM	y=1 090.600 0x+0.911 0	0.966 8	0.041 3	0.018 4
	OSM	y=1 039.800 0x+14.655 0	0.784 2	0.020 3	0.008 5
ABTS	IM	y=44.071 0x+4.647 6	0.954 8	—	0.400 3
	DM	y=66.729 0x+0.719 0	0.991 8	0.740 0	0.366 3
	OSM	y=77.214 0x+2.276 2	0.995 1	0.598 9	0.281 9

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