蜂糖李开花授粉生物学特性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230998

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 1320-1328.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230998

蜂糖李开花授粉生物学特性

邓利君¹(), 王铁¹, 胡娟², 姚远¹, 孙国超¹, 熊博¹, 廖玲¹, 汪志辉¹^,^*()

1.四川农业大学园艺学院,四川成都 611130
2.蒲江县农业农村局生产管理科,四川蒲江 611630

收稿日期:2023-08-21 出版日期:2024-06-25 发布日期:2024-07-02
作者简介:邓利君(1999—),女,四川广安人,博士研究生,主要从事果树优质高效栽培理论与技术研究。E-mail: denglijun0919@163.com
通讯作者: *汪志辉,E-mail: wangzhihui318@sicau.edu.cn
基金资助:
四川省科技成果转移转化示范项目(2021ZHCG0084)

Biological characterization of flowering and pollination of Prunus salicina Lindl.cv. ‘Fengtangli’

DENG Lijun¹(), WANG Tie¹, HU Juan², YAO Yuan¹, SUN Guochao¹, XIONG Bo¹, LIAO Ling¹, WANG Zhihui¹^,^*()

1. College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
2. Production Management Section, Pujiang County Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Pujiang 611630, Sichuan, China

Received:2023-08-21 Online:2024-06-25 Published:2024-07-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究蜂糖李的开花授粉生物学特性,为田间蜂糖李花期管理和授粉树配置提供理论依据,以蜂糖李及其授粉品种四月李、凤凰李、茵红李为试材,调查研究蜂糖李及其授粉品种的开花物候期、花粉量、花粉活力、蜂糖李的柱头可授性,以及不同授粉组合和不同外源处理的蜂糖李坐果率。结果表明,4个供试品种花期基本一致,相互重叠;各品种的花粉量在504.76~1 622.64粒;花粉萌发率在34.47%~51.22%,花粉活力高低为凤凰李>四月李>茵红李>蜂糖李;蜂糖李的柱头可授性在开花当天表现最强;以凤凰李授粉的蜂糖李坐果率最高,为49.56%,自花授粉坐果率最低,为12.20%,表明蜂糖李与凤凰李授粉亲和性最高且蜂糖李自交亲和。综合而言,蜂糖李授粉品种的适宜性为凤凰李>四月李>茵红李>蜂糖李。此外,花期喷硼可以有效提高蜂糖李的坐果率。

关键词: 蜂糖李, 开花, 授粉, 坐果率, 硼

Abstract:

To investigate the biological characteristics of flowering and pollination of Prunus salicina Lindl.cv.‘Fengtangli’ and provide a theoretical foundation for floral management and pollinizers allocation in the field, ‘Fengtangli’ and its pollinating cultivars ‘Siyueli’, ‘Fenghuangli’, and ‘Yinhongli’ were utilized as the materials. The flowering phenology, pollen quantity, pollen viability of ‘Fengtangli’ and its pollinating cultivars, and stigma receptivity of ‘Fengtangli’, as well as the fruit set rate of ‘Fengtangli’ with different pollination combinations and different exogenous treatments were investigated. The results showed that the flowering period of the four test cultivars were consistent and overlapped with each other. The pollen quantity ranged from 504.76 to 1 622.64 grains. The pollen germination rate ranged from 34.47% to 51.22%, and the pollen viability was ranked as ‘Fenghuangli’>‘Siyueli’>‘Yinhongli’>‘Fengtangli’. The stigma receptivity of ‘Fengtangli’ was the strongest on the day of flowering. The highest fruit set rate was recorded in ‘Fenghuangli’ pollinated flowers (49.56%), while the lowest fruit set rate was observed in self-pollination (12.20%), indicating that ‘Fengtangli’ and ‘Fenghuangli’ had the highest pollination compatibility and ‘Fengtangli’ was self-compatible. In conclusion, the suitable pollinizers for ‘Fenghuangli’ in this experiment were: ‘Fenghuangli’>‘Siyueli’>‘Yinhongli’>‘Fengtangli’. In addition, spraying boron during flowering could effectively improve the fruit set rate of ‘Fengtangli’.

Key words: Prunus salicina Lindl.cv.‘Fengtangli’, flowering, pollination, fruit set rate, boron

中图分类号:

S662.3

邓利君, 王铁, 胡娟, 姚远, 孙国超, 熊博, 廖玲, 汪志辉. 蜂糖李开花授粉生物学特性[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(6): 1320-1328.

DENG Lijun, WANG Tie, HU Juan, YAO Yuan, SUN Guochao, XIONG Bo, LIAO Ling, WANG Zhihui. Biological characterization of flowering and pollination of Prunus salicina Lindl.cv. ‘Fengtangli’[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(6): 1320-1328.

图/表 5

图1 蜂糖李及其授粉品种的开花物候期

Fig.1 Flowering phenology of ‘Fengtangli’ and its pollinated cultivars

表1 蜂糖李及其授粉品种的花粉量与花粉活力

Table 1 Pollen quantity and pollen viability of ‘Fengtangli’ and its pollinated cultivars

品种 Cultivar	单花花药数 Anther number of per flower	单花药花粉量 Pollen quantity of per anther	花粉活力 Pollen viability/%
蜂糖李 ‘Fengtangli’	33.17±1.94 ab	562.81±62.76 c	34.47±1.15 d
四月李 ‘Siyueli’	29.00±5.29 bc	988.51±19.91 b	46.68±0.67 b
凤凰李 ‘Fenghuangli’	26.00±3.62 c	1 622.64±45.79 a	51.22±0.78 a
茵红李 ‘Yinhongli’	35.00±3.79 a	504.76±71.90 c	41.27±1.38 c

图2 蜂糖李的柱头可授性

Fig.2 Stigma receptivity of ‘Fengtangli’

图3 不同授粉处理的蜂糖李坐果率 FS、FF、FY分别代表用四月李、凤凰李、茵红李花粉对蜂糖李进行人工授粉;MP代表混合花粉授粉;SP代表蜂糖李自花授粉;OP代表自然授粉。

Fig.3 Fuit set of ‘Fengtangli’ with different pollination treatments FS, FF, and FY represented artificial pollination of ‘Fengtangli’ with pollen from ‘Siyueli’, ‘Fenghuangli’ and ‘Yinhongli’, respectively; MP represented pollination with mixed pollen; SP represented self-pollination of plums; OP represented open pollination.

图4 不同措施对蜂糖李坐果率的影响 B表示喷施硼处理;GA3表示喷施赤霉素处理;BL表示喷施油菜素内酯处理;CK为对照。

Fig.4 Effect of different measures on fruit set rate of ‘Fengtangli’ B represented spraying boron treatment; GA3 represented spraying gibberellin treatment; BL represented spraying brassinolide treatment; CK was the control.

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蜂糖李开花授粉生物学特性

Biological characterization of flowering and pollination of Prunus salicina Lindl.cv. ‘Fengtangli’

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