脱氢乙酸钠和纳他霉素对稻瘟病菌的抑菌作用及其机理

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250200

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 520-531.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250200

脱氢乙酸钠和纳他霉素对稻瘟病菌的抑菌作用及其机理

夏久智¹^,²(), 张震², 柴荣耀², 王艳丽², 李玲¹^,^*(), 王教瑜²^,^*()

^1. 浙江农林大学现代农学院, 浙江杭州 311300
^2. 浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所, 农产品质量安全全国重点实验室, 浙江杭州 310021

收稿日期:2025-03-12 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-04-17
作者简介:王教瑜,E-mail: wangjiaoyu78@sina.com
^*李玲,E-mail: liling@zafu.edu.cn;
夏久智,研究方向为真菌分子生物学。E-mail:17355186841@163.com
通讯作者: 李玲,王教瑜
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1400200);浙江省重点研发计划(2023C02018)

Antifungal effects and mechanism of sodium dehydroacetate and natamycin against Magnaporthe oryzae

XIA Jiuzhi¹^,²(), ZHANG Zhen², CHAI Rongyao², WANG Yanli², LI Ling¹^,^*(), WANG Jiaoyu²^,^*()

^1. College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
^2. State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China

Received:2025-03-12 Published:2026-03-25 Online:2026-04-17
Contact: LI Ling,WANG Jiaoyu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明食品保鲜剂脱氢乙酸钠(sodium dehydroacetate, SD)和纳他霉素(natamycin, Nata)在植物病害防治中的潜在应用价值及其抑菌作用,以水稻稻瘟病菌为对象,测定SD和Nata对其菌丝平皿生长和致病性的影响。通过分析SD和Nata处理后稻瘟病菌孢子萌发率、附着胞形成、菌体超微结构变化、细胞膜通透性、液泡和线粒体完整性等指标,揭示SD和Nata的潜在抑菌机制。结果表明,SD和Nata对稻瘟病菌菌丝生长具有明显抑制作用,SD的有效中浓度(EC₅₀)为47.40 mg·L^-1,Nata的EC₅₀为4.49 mg·L^-1。采用4倍EC₅₀浓度的SD和Nata喷雾处理可有效减轻稻瘟病的发生,病害严重度分别降低31.65和24.18百分点。SD和Nata处理随浓度升高显著抑制孢子萌发和附着胞形成。经SD和Nata处理后,稻瘟病菌细胞结构受损,菌丝体出现变形和皱缩;细胞膜通透性改变,导致胞内核酸、蛋白质等大分子物质外渗。碘化丙啶(propidium iodide, PI)和伊文思蓝(Evans blue, EB)染色后,菌丝体荧光强度显著增强。此外,SD和Nata处理使菌丝体液泡无法正常形成,SD处理还显著降低胞内线粒体活性。以上结果表明,SD和Nata主要通过破坏真菌细胞结构、干扰菌体物质代谢和能量代谢实现其抑菌效果。

关键词: 脱氢乙酸钠, 纳他霉素, 稻瘟病, 稻瘟病菌, 抑菌机理

Abstract:

To explore the potential application value and antifungal effects of food preservatives sodium dehydroacetate (SD) and natamycin (Nata) in plant disease control, this study investigated their impact on the growth and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae, the pathogen of rice blast. The antifungal mechanisms of SD and Nata were elucidated by examining their effects on spore germination rate, appressorium formation, ultrastructural changes in hyphae, cell membrane permeability, vacuole and mitochondrial integrity in M. oryzae. The results demonstrated that SD and Nata significantly inhibited the growth of M. oryzae, with median effective concentration(EC₅₀) values of 47.40 mg·L^-1 for SD and 4.49 mg·L^-1 for Nata. Spraying with four times the EC₅₀ concentration of SD and Nata effectively reduced the incidence of rice blast, decreasing the disease severity by 31.65 and 24.18 percentage points, respectively. SD and Nata significantly suppressed spore germination and appressorium formation with increasing concentrations. After treatment with SD and Nata, the cellular structure of M. oryzae was disrupted, leading to deformation and wrinkling of the hyphae; the cell membrane permeability was altered, leading to the leakage of intracellular macromolecules such as nucleic acids and proteins. After staining with propidium iodide(PI) and Evans blue(EB), the fluorescence intensity of the hyphae significantly increased. Additionally, the vacuoles in the hyphae could not form normally after SD and Nata treatment, and the mitochondrial activity in the cells was significantly reduced after SD treatment. These findings indicate that SD and Nata exert their antifungal effects primarily by disrupting fungal cellular structures, interfering with material metabolism, and impairing energy metabolism in the fungal cells.

Key words: sodium dehydroacetate, natamycin, rice blast, Magnaporthe oryzae, antifungal mechanism

中图分类号:

S435.11

夏久智, 张震, 柴荣耀, 王艳丽, 李玲, 王教瑜. 脱氢乙酸钠和纳他霉素对稻瘟病菌的抑菌作用及其机理[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(3): 520-531.

XIA Jiuzhi, ZHANG Zhen, CHAI Rongyao, WANG Yanli, LI Ling, WANG Jiaoyu. Antifungal effects and mechanism of sodium dehydroacetate and natamycin against Magnaporthe oryzae[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(3): 520-531.

图/表 8

图1 不同食品保鲜剂对植物病原真菌菌丝生长的抑制效果图中星号代表差异显著(*,p<0.05;**,p<0.01),标尺=20 μm。下同。

Fig.1 Inhibitory effects of different food preservatives on the mycelial growth of plant pathogenic fungi Asterisks represent significant differences(*, p<0.05; **, p<0.01), Scale=20 μm. The same as below.

图2 脱氢乙酸钠(SD)与纳他霉素(Nata)对稻瘟病菌菌丝生长的抑制效果

Fig.2 Inhibitory effects of sodium dehydroacetate(SD)and natamycin(Nata)on mycelia growth of Magnaporthe oryzae

图3 脱氢乙酸钠(SD)与纳他霉素(Nata)喷雾处理对稻瘟病的盆栽防治效果

Fig.3 Pot control efficacy of sodium dehydroacetate (SD) and natamycin (Nata) spray treatments against rice blast

图4 脱氢乙酸钠(SD)和纳他霉素(Nata)对稻瘟病菌孢子萌发和附着胞形成的影响

Fig.4 Effects of sodium dehydroacetate (SD) and natamycin (Nata) on spore germination and appressorium formation of Magnaporthe oryzae

图5 脱氢乙酸钠(SD)和纳他霉素(Nata)处理下稻瘟病菌菌丝体的形态变化

Fig.5 Morphological changes in the mycelium of Magnaporthe oryzae under sodium dehydroacetate (SD)and natamycin (Nata) treatments

图6 脱氢乙酸钠(SD)与纳他霉素(Nata)处理下稻瘟病菌的细胞膜通透性

Fig.6 Cell membrane permeability of Magnaporthe oryzae under sodium dehydroacetate (SD) and natamycin (Nata) treatments

图7 脱氢乙酸钠(SD)与纳他霉素(Nata)对稻瘟病菌细胞膜完整性的影响

Fig.7 Effects of sodium dehydroacetate (SD) and natamycin (Nata) on cell membrane integrity of Magnaporthe oryzae

图8 脱氢乙酸钠(SD)和纳他霉素(Nata)处理下稻瘟病菌的液泡状态和线粒体活性

Fig.8 Vacuole status and mitochondrial activity of Magnaporthe oryzae under sodium dehydroacetate (SD) and natamycin (Nata) treatments

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脱氢乙酸钠和纳他霉素对稻瘟病菌的抑菌作用及其机理

Antifungal effects and mechanism of sodium dehydroacetate and natamycin against Magnaporthe oryzae

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