缓释肥及外源物质对再生稻头季籽粒灌浆特性及品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250396

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (7): 1313-1326.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250396

缓释肥及外源物质对再生稻头季籽粒灌浆特性及品质的影响

张丹珂(), 王丽, 李海润, 李浩晶, 曹静, 徐国伟^*()

河南科技大学农学院, 河南洛阳 471003

收稿日期:2025-05-21 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-08-20
作者简介:张丹珂,研究方向为水稻栽培生理。E-mail:1347063563@qq.com
通讯作者: *徐国伟,E-mail: gwxu2007@163.com
基金资助:
河南省自然科学基金(212300410341);河南省科技攻关项目(242102110169);河南省科技研发计划联合基金(242103810031);河南科技大学博士科研启动基金项目(13480108)

Effects of slow-release fertilizer and exogenous substances application on grain filling characteristics and quality of the main crop in ratoon rice

ZHANG Danke(), WANG Li, LI Hairun, LI Haojing, CAO Jing, XU Guowei^*()

College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China

Received:2025-05-21 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-08-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

施肥及外源物质应用对水稻生长发育、产量及品质形成具有一定影响。为明确缓释肥及外源物质对再生稻头季籽粒灌浆特性及品质的影响,以桃优香占和徐稻3号为供试品种,设置4个处理:常规尿素处理(CK)、缓释肥处理(SRF)、缓释肥+油菜素内酯处理(SRF+BR)、缓释肥+α-萘乙酸处理(SRF+NAA),分析不同处理下再生稻头季籽粒灌浆特性及其与稻米品质的关系,以期为优质再生稻高产栽培提供参考。结果表明,与CK和SRF相比,桃优香占和徐稻3号在SRF+BR处理下的垩白粒率、垩白面积、垩白度、直链淀粉含量及蛋白质含量均显著降低。在籽粒灌浆期间,SRF+BR处理的腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、蔗糖合酶(SuSase)、淀粉分支酶(Q酶)和三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase)活性均高于CK和SRF处理,籽粒灌浆速率最高,且整体灌浆进程波动较小,有利于籽粒充实。相关分析表明,精米率和胶稠度与淀粉合成相关酶活性呈显著或极显著正相关,而外观品质、直链淀粉含量指标则与淀粉合成相关酶活性呈显著或极显著负相关。综上,SRF+BR处理可提高籽粒灌浆速率及淀粉合成相关酶活性,促进淀粉的合成与积累,从而有利于改善再生稻头季稻米品质。

关键词: 再生稻, 缓释肥, 外源物质, 稻米品质, 淀粉合成

Abstract:

Fertilization and exogenous substance application have certain effects on rice growth, development, yield, and quality formation. To clarify the effects of slow-release fertilizer and exogenous substances on grain filling characteristics and quality of the main crop in ratoon rice, two varieties, Taoyouxiangzhan and Xudao 3, were used as test materials, and four treatments were set up: conventional urea (CK), slow-release fertilizer (SRF), slow-release fertilizer + brassinolide (SRF+BR), and slow-release fertilizer + α-naphthaleneacetic acid (SRF+NAA). The grain filling characteristics of the main crop under different treatments and their relationships with rice quality were analyzed, aiming to provide reference for high-yield cultivation of high-quality ratoon rice. The results showed that compared with CK and SRF, the chalky grain rate, chalky area, chalkiness degree, amylose content, and protein content of both varieties under the SRF+BR treatment were significantly reduced. During grain filling, the activities of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), sucrose synthase (SuSase), Q-enzyme, and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) under SRF+BR were higher than those under CK and SRF, and the grain filling rate was the highest, with relatively small fluctuation throughout the filling process, which was conducive to grain plumpness. Correlation analysis indicated that milled rice rate and gel consistency were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with starch synthesis-related enzyme activities, while appearance quality and amylose starch content were significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with those enzyme activities. In summary, the SRF+BR treatment could increase grain filling rate and starch synthesis-related enzyme activities, promote starch synthesis and accumulation, and thus improve the quality of the main crop in ratoon rice.

Key words: ratoon rice, slow-release fertilizer, exogenous substances, rice quality, starch synthesis

中图分类号:

S511

张丹珂, 王丽, 李海润, 李浩晶, 曹静, 徐国伟. 缓释肥及外源物质对再生稻头季籽粒灌浆特性及品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(7): 1313-1326.

ZHANG Danke, WANG Li, LI Hairun, LI Haojing, CAO Jing, XU Guowei. Effects of slow-release fertilizer and exogenous substances application on grain filling characteristics and quality of the main crop in ratoon rice[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(7): 1313-1326.

图/表 11

图1 再生稻头季灌浆期的温度

Fig.1 Temperature during grain filling in the main season of ratoon rice

表1 缓释肥及外源物质应用对头季稻米加工品质的影响

Table 1 Effects of application of slow-release fertilizer and exogenous substances on processing quality of main crop rice

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	糙米率/% Brown rice rate/%	精米率/% Milled rice rate/%	整精米率/% Head rice rate/%
桃优香占	CK	70.98 c	65.21 c	55.88 c
Taoyouxiang-	SRF	71.15 bc	68.16 b	61.34 b
zhan	SRF+BR	74.20 b	71.59 a	67.13 a
	SRF+NAA	75.33 a	72.99 a	67.77 a
徐稻3号	CK	69.01 b	60.94 b	49.37 b
Xudao 3	SRF	71.63 a	64.69 a	52.71 ab
	SRF+BR	70.76 ab	65.61 a	52.82 ab
	SRF+NAA	72.25 a	65.69 a	55.95 a

表2 缓释肥及外源物质应用对头季稻米外观品质的影响

Table 2 Effects of application of slow-release fertilizer and exogenous substances on the appearance quality of main crop rice

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	垩白粒率/% Chalky grain rate/%	垩白面积/% Chalky area/%	垩白度/% Chalkiness degree/%
桃优香占	CK	26.66 a	9.47 a	2.52 a
Taoyouxiangzhan	SRF	20.67 b	7.43 b	1.54 b
	SRF+BR	15.67 d	5.57 d	0.87 d
	SRF+NAA	17.33 c	6.30 c	1.09 c
徐稻3号	CK	32.33 a	13.37 a	4.31 a
Xudao 3	SRF	27.33 b	11.50 b	3.14 b
	SRF+BR	22.66 d	8.97 c	2.03 d
	SRF+NAA	25.67 c	10.33 b	2.65 c

表3 缓释肥及外源物质应用对头季稻米蒸煮与营养品质的影响

Table 3 Effects of application of slow-release fertilizer and exogenous substances on the cooking and nutritional quality of main crop rice

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	碱消值 Alkali spreading value	蛋白质含量/% Protein content/%	直链淀粉含量/% Amylose starch content/%	胶稠度/mm Gel consistency/mm
桃优香占	CK	7.99 a	9.95 a	21.44 a	74.52 c
Taoyouxiangzhan	SRF	7.50 c	9.25 b	19.74 b	75.15 c
	SRF+BR	7.46 c	8.74 d	18.70 c	79.24 a
	SRF+NAA	7.59 b	9.18 c	18.46 c	78.21 b
徐稻3号	CK	7.95 a	10.19 a	14.30 b	57.58 d
Xudao 3	SRF	7.62 b	9.00 b	17.16 a	59.77 c
	SRF+BR	7.47 d	8.54 d	13.04 c	64.23 a
	SRF+NAA	7.57 c	8.86 c	13.64 bc	60.54 b

图2 缓释肥及外源物质应用对头季稻籽粒强、弱势粒百粒重的影响

Fig.2 Effects of slow-release fertilizers and exogenous substance applications on 100-grain weight of superior and inferior grain of the main crop rice

图3 缓释肥及外源物质应用对头季稻籽粒灌浆速率(以单粒计)的影响

Fig.3 Effects of slow-release fertilizers and exogenous substances on the filling rate (per single grain) of main crop rice grains

图4 缓释肥及外源物质应用对头季稻籽粒中腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)活性的影响同一时期柱上无相同字母表示处理间差异显著(p<0.05)。下同

Fig.4 Effects of slow-release fertilizers and exogenous substances on ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) activity of main crop rice grains Bars in the same stage marked without the same letters indicate significant difference (p<0.05) within treatments. The same as below.

图5 缓释肥及外源物质应用对头季稻籽粒中蔗糖合酶(SuSase)活性的影响

Fig.5 Effects of slow-release fertilizers and exogenous substances on sucrose synthase (SuSase) activity of main crop rice grains

图6 缓释肥及外源物质应用对头季稻籽粒中淀粉分支酶(Q酶)活性的影响

Fig.6 Effects of slow-release fertilizers and exogenous substances on starch branching enzyme (Q-enzyme) activity in grains of main crop rice

图7 缓释肥及外源物质应用对头季稻籽粒中三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase)活性的影响

Fig.7 Effects of slow-release fertilizers and exogenous substances on adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in grains of main crop rice

图8 头季稻强弱势粒淀粉合成关键酶活性与品质的关系 *表示相关性达显著水平(p<0.05),**表示相关性达极显著水平(p<0.01)。a、b和c、d分别为桃优香占强势粒、弱势粒和徐稻3号强势粒、弱势粒。S1,强势粒AGPase灌浆前期的活性;S2,强势粒SuSase灌浆前期的活性;S3,强势粒Q酶灌浆前期的活性;S4,强势粒ATPase灌浆前期的活性;S5,强势粒AGPase灌浆中期的活性;S6,强势粒SuSase灌浆中期的活性;S7,强势粒Q酶灌浆中期的活性;S8,强势粒ATPase灌浆中期的活性;S9,强势粒AGPase灌浆后期的活性;S10,强势粒SuSase灌浆后期的活性;S11,强势粒Q酶灌浆后期的活性;S12,强势粒ATPase灌浆后期的活性。I1,弱势粒AGPase前期的活性;I2,弱势粒SuSase前期的活性;I3,弱势粒Q酶前期的活性;I4,弱势粒ATPase前期的活性;I5,弱势粒AGPase灌浆中期的活性;I6,弱势粒SuSase灌浆中期的活性;I7,弱势粒Q酶灌浆中期的活性;I8,弱势粒ATPase灌浆中期的活性;I9,弱势粒AGPase灌浆后期的活性;I10,弱势粒SuSase灌浆后期的活性;I11,弱势粒Q酶灌浆后期的活性;I12,弱势粒ATPase灌浆后期的活性。

Fig.8 Relationship between the activities of key starch synthesis enzymes and quality of superior and inferior grains of the main crop rice * means that the correlation reaches a significant level of p<0.05, ** means that the correlation reaches a significant level of p<0.01. a, b and c, d are the superior and inferior grains of Taoyouxiangzhan and the superior and inferior grains of Xudao 3, respectively. S1, AGPase activity in superior grains at early filling stage; S2, SuSase activity in superior grains at early filling stage; S3, Q-enzyme activity in superior grains at early filling stage; S4, ATPase activity in superior grains at early filling stage; S5, AGPase activity in superior grains at middle filling stage; S6, SuSase activity in superior grains at middle filling stage; S7, Q-enzyme activity in superior grains at middle filling stage; S8, ATPase activity in superior grains at middle filling stage; S9, AGPase activity in superior grains at late filling stage; S10, SuSase activity in superior grains at late filling stage; S11, Q-enzyme activity in superior grains at late filling stage; S12, ATPase activity in superior grains at late filling stage; I1, AGPase activity in inferior grains at early filling stage; I2, SuSase activity in inferior grains at early filling stage; I3, Q-enzyme activity in inferior grains at early filling stage; I4, ATPase activity in inferior grains at early filling stage; I5, AGPase activity in inferior grains at middle filling stage; I6, SuSase activity in inferior grains at middle filling stage; I7, Q-enzyme activity in inferior grains at middle filling stage; I8, ATPase activity in inferior grains at middle filling stage; I9, AGPase activity in inferior grains at late filling stage; I10, SuSase activity in inferior grains at late filling stage; I11, Q-enzyme activity in inferior grains at late filling stage; I12, ATPase activity in inferior grains at late filling stage.

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缓释肥及外源物质对再生稻头季籽粒灌浆特性及品质的影响

Effects of slow-release fertilizer and exogenous substances application on grain filling characteristics and quality of the main crop in ratoon rice

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