低洼冷浸田土壤水分运移研究与沟厢结构优化设计

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250379

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (7): 1420-1431.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250379

低洼冷浸田土壤水分运移研究与沟厢结构优化设计

黎鹏程¹(), 蒋啸虎¹^,²^,^*(), 叶铁军³, 赵智豪¹, 康紫建¹, 郭锦鹏¹, 吴明亮¹^,²

¹ 湖南农业大学机电工程学院, 湖南长沙 410128
² 湖南省现代农业装备工程技术研究中心, 湖南长沙 410128
³ 衡东县农业农村局, 湖南衡东 421400

收稿日期:2025-05-15 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-08-20
作者简介:黎鹏程,主要从事油菜耕播机械化研究。E-mail:1971830044@qq.com
通讯作者: *蒋啸虎,E-mail: jiangxiaohujlu@163.com
基金资助:
湖南省2023年智能农机装备创新研发项目(HN202308);国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2300103);湖南省教育厅资助科研项目(22B0188);湖南省重点研发计划(2024JK2033)

Study on soil water movement and optimal design of furrow-ridge structure in low-lying cold waterlogged fields

LI Pengcheng¹(), JIANG Xiaohu¹^,²^,^*(), YE Tiejun³, ZHAO Zhihao¹, KANG Zijian¹, GUO Jinpeng¹, WU Mingliang¹^,²

¹ College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
² Hunan Modern Agricultural Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center , Changsha 410128, China
³ Hengdong County Agricultural and Rural Affairs Bureau , Hengdong 421400, Hunan, China

Received:2025-05-15 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-08-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决稻油轮作区冷浸田含水率高无法达到适宜冬油菜播种要求的难题,本研究通过测定低洼冷浸田土壤的弹性模量、泊松比、粒径分布等参数,探究低洼冷浸田的土壤特性,并利用HYDRUS-3D和EDEM软件仿真分析了不同开沟深度、沟壁倾角和厢面宽度对低洼冷浸田土壤水分运移特点、失水率、沟深稳定性的影响规律。以失水率和沟深稳定性为评价指标进行二次正交旋转组合试验,得到了各因素对评价指标的二阶回归方程,并通过响应面法分析了交互作用对失水率和沟深稳定性的影响。最后,通过权重分配结合回归方程进行参数寻优得到最佳因素组合为:开沟深度30 cm,沟壁倾角60°,厢面宽度140 cm。在此条件下,失水率为36.66%。以优化后得到的垄沟结构和厢面宽度进行田间试验验证,失水率的实测值与仿真值的均方根误差为0.023 1,决定系数为0.970 3。开沟深度仿真值和实测值的相对误差为2.66%,田间试验测得的沟深稳定性系数为89.74%,表明最优沟形参数具有较好的沟形保持能力。本研究可为低洼冷浸田排水沟形的设计提供理论依据。

关键词: 低洼冷浸田, 数值仿真, 油菜播种, 水分运移

Abstract:

To address the problem that the high moisture content of cold waterlogged fields in rice-rapeseed rotation areas fails to meet the sowing requirements for winter rapeseed, this study investigated the soil properties of low-lying cold waterlogged fields by measuring parameters such as elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and particle size distribution. The effects of different furrow depths, inclination angle of furrow sidewall, and ridge surface widths on soil water movement characteristics, water loss rate, and furrow depth stability in low-lying cold waterlogged fields were simulated and analyzed using HYDRUS-3D and EDEM software. A quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test was conducted with water loss rate and furrow depth stability as evaluation indices, and second-order regression equations of each factor on the evaluation indices were obtained. The effects of interactions on water loss rate and furrow depth stability were analyzed by response surface methodology. Finally, parameter optimization was performed through weight allocation combined with the regression equations, and the optimal factor combination was obtained as follows: furrow depth of 30 cm, inclination angle of furrow sidewall of 60°, and ridge surface width of 140 cm. Under these conditions, the water loss rate was 36.66%. Field verification experiments were conducted using the optimized ridge-furrow structure and ridge surface width. The root mean square error between the measured and simulated values of water loss rate was 0.023 1, and the coefficient of determination was 0.970 3. The relative error between the simulated and measured values of furrow depth was 2.66%, and the furrow depth stability coefficient measured in the field experiment was 89.74%, indicating that the optimal parameters had good furrow shape retention capacity. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the design of ridge-furrow structure in low-lying cold waterlogged fields.

Key words: low-lying cold waterlogged field, numerical simulation, rapeseed sowing, water movement

中图分类号:

S152.7

黎鹏程, 蒋啸虎, 叶铁军, 赵智豪, 康紫建, 郭锦鹏, 吴明亮. 低洼冷浸田土壤水分运移研究与沟厢结构优化设计[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(7): 1420-1431.

LI Pengcheng, JIANG Xiaohu, YE Tiejun, ZHAO Zhihao, KANG Zijian, GUO Jinpeng, WU Mingliang. Study on soil water movement and optimal design of furrow-ridge structure in low-lying cold waterlogged fields[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(7): 1420-1431.

图/表 13

图1 油菜种植厢垄示意图 d,沟宽;b,开沟深度;β,沟壁倾角;d1,沟底宽度;w,厢面宽度。

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of oilseed rape planting furrow-ridge d, Furrow width, b, Furrow depth; β, Inclination angle of furrow sidewall; d1, Furrow base width; w, Ridge surface width.

图2 模拟区域和边界条件示意图 x为水平距离。

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of simulation area and boundary conditions x is the horizontal distance.

图3 仿真土槽模型示意图

Fig.3 Simulated furrow-ridge model

图4 田间试验照片 a,旋耕开沟起垄;b,开沟器;c,水分传感器位置示意。b图中的1~8依次指示犁尾翼、梯形连接板、底板、犁中翼、三角形连接板、破土曲面、加强筋、犁柱。c图中的1~6指示6个传感器。

Fig.4 Photos of field experiment a, Rotary tilling, furrowing, and ridge formation; b, Diagram of a trencher; c, Schematic diagram of moisture sensor location. 1-8 in panel b show plow tail wing, trapezoidal connecting plate, base plate, plow center wing, triangular connecting plate, soil-breaking surface, reinforcing rib and plow column in sequence. 1-6 in panel c show 6 sensors.

图5 土壤的体积含水率空间分布

Fig.5 Spatial distribution of soil volumetric water content

表1 不同条件下的失水率

Table 1 Water loss rate under different conditions

试验因素 Test factor	设定值 Setting value	失水率/% Water loss rate/%
开沟深度/cm	20	40.97
Furrow depth/cm	25	40.90
	30	41.32
	35	39.40
沟壁倾角/(°)	30	42.69
Inclination angle of	40	42.25
furrow sidewall/(°)	50	41.32
	60	40.34
厢面宽度/cm	120	41.53
Ridge surface width/cm	140	43.83
	160	42.88
	180	42.70

图6 不同厢面宽度水分运移矢量图

Fig.6 Vector diagram of moisture transport with different ridge surface widths

图7 开沟器扰动土壤情况下土壤的受力分布

Fig.7 Stress distribution of soil under disturbance by furrow opener

表2 试验设计方案与结果

Table 2 Experimental design and results

编号 No.	开沟深度/cm Furrow depth/cm	沟壁倾角/(°) Inclination angle of furrow sidewall/(°)	厢面宽度/cm Ridge surface width/cm	失水率/% Water loss rate/%	沟深稳定性系数/% Furrow depth stability coefficient/%
1	30	40	180	37.904 2	94.510 0
2	30	40	140	39.391 7	91.673 3
3	30	50	160	37.537 5	88.400 0
4	30	50	160	37.616 7	83.162 9
5	35	40	160	37.508 3	84.020 0
6	30	60	160	38.820 8	97.226 7
7	25	50	160	37.250 0	87.772 0
8	30	50	140	37.279 2	90.190 0
9	25	50	180	37.375 0	88.388 0
10	35	40	160	37.358 3	86.860 0
11	25	50	160	37.320 8	86.904 0
12	30	50	140	36.687 5	89.553 3
13	25	50	180	36.683 3	87.784 0
14	35	60	140	35.220 8	86.508 6
15	30	50	160	35.158 3	86.273 3
16	35	60	180	36.450 0	85.145 7
17	30	60	160	36.312 5	96.666 7

图8 各因素交互作用对失水率的影响

Fig.8 Interactive effects of various factors on water loss rate

图9 开沟深度与沟壁倾角对沟深稳定性系数的影响

Fig.9 Effect of trench depth and channel wall inclination angle on channel stability coefficient

图10 失水率的仿真值和实测值对比

Fig.10 Comparison of simulated and measured values of water loss rate

图11 沟深稳定性验证

Fig.11 Verification of furrow depth stability

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低洼冷浸田土壤水分运移研究与沟厢结构优化设计

Study on soil water movement and optimal design of furrow-ridge structure in low-lying cold waterlogged fields

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