关键词: 黑腹果蝇, 温度, 发育起点温度, 有效积温, 种群增长

Abstract: The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster Meigen，is an important pest for berry，such as Chinese berry，in China. Temperature is a key determinant for the stable establishment of pest population. In order to know the effects of temperature on the population growth of fruit fly，we investigated the development，survivorship and reproduction of D. melanogaster at 15，20，25，30 and 35℃，and calculated the parameters of population growth under different temperature condition. No D. melanogaster individual developed into adult at 35℃. The development rate increased significantly with temperature rising，the average developmental duration from egg to adult stage was about 41 d at 15℃，while the shortest was about 7 d at 30℃. The adult longevity was evidently shortened with temperature rising，the average lifespan of female and male was 70 and 80 d at 15℃，while the shortest was only 30 d at 30℃. The differences of fecundity （total number of eggs produced by individual female） were not significant between 20 and 30℃，with the values of 138.85 and 137.97 respectively，which were all lower than that of eggs （375.4 eggs produced by individual female） at 25℃. The parameters of population growth ［the intrinsic rate of increase （rm） and net reproductive rate （R0）］ were the highest at 25℃，with the values of 1.021 and 55.10 d-1 respectively，while those were only 0.189 and 36.67 d-1 at 15℃，respectively. From these results we concluded that temperature has great effect on the development of D. melanogaster，and the most suitable temperature for this pest is 25℃，during which there are higher intrinsic increase rate. The development threshold temperature of D. melanogaster was estimated to be 12.8℃ and the effective accumulated temperature for development was 1233 degree-days.

Key words: Drosophila melanogaster, temperature, development threshold temperature, effective accumulated temperature, population growth