根区温度对萱草生长发育及其开花的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.05.15

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 1005-1014.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.05.15

根区温度对萱草生长发育及其开花的影响

张志国¹(), 丛琳¹, 张世杰¹, 李荣光¹, 邹维娜¹, 迟法安², 张宝², 姜玉萍¹^,^*()

1.上海应用技术大学生态技术与工程学院,上海 201418
2.威海永达绿色技术有限公司,山东威海 264200

收稿日期:2021-11-24 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-06-06
通讯作者: 姜玉萍
作者简介:* 姜玉萍,E-mail: 13764605827@163.com
张志国(1957—),男,山东滨州人,博士,教授,研究方向为园林植物育种。E-mail: zgzhang@sit.edu.cn
基金资助:
上海应用技术大学引进人才科研启动项目(YJ2020-20);上海市科委项目(19DZ1204006)

Effects of root-zone temperature on growth, development and flowering of Hemerocallis fulva

ZHANG Zhiguo¹(), CONG Lin¹, ZHANG Shijie¹, LI Rongguang¹, ZOU Weina¹, CHI Fa'an², ZHANG Bao², JIANG Yuping¹^,^*()

1. College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
2. Weihai Yongda Green Technology Co., Ltd.,Weihai 264200, Shandong, China

Received:2021-11-24 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-06-06
Contact: JIANG Yuping

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为阐明不同根区温度对萱草生长发育及其开花的影响,以自由行萱草、大眼睛萱草为试验材料,设置T15(15±1) ℃/(15±1) ℃(昼/夜)、T20(20±1) ℃/(15±1) ℃(昼/夜)、CK1、CK2共4个不同处理,研究不同根区温度下萱草的生长发育、光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数与花期的变化。结果表明:T20处理可以显著提高自由行萱草、大眼睛萱草株高、叶长、叶宽、叶片数和花葶高度;4个处理的萱草花径均无显著差异;T20处理的萱草抽葶时间最早,且花期长;自由行萱草在T20处理的始花期比T15、CK1、CK2分别提前11、23、30 d;T20处理的大眼睛萱草始花期比T15、CK1、CK2分别提前15、27、21 d;自由行萱草、大眼睛萱草在T20处理中净光合速率(net photosynthetic rate,P_n)、蒸腾速率(transpiration rate,T_r)、胞间CO₂浓度(intercellular CO₂ concentration,C_i)和气孔导度(stomatal conductance,G_s)最大,在CK1中最小;自由行萱草、大眼睛萱草在4个处理中的PSⅡ的实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ)、PSⅡ光能捕获效率(F_v'/F_m')、光化学淬灭系数(photochemical quenching coefficient,qP)均无显著差异。综上所述,T20(20±1) ℃/(15±1) ℃(昼/夜)处理有利于促进萱草的生长发育,且大眼睛萱草各项指标更好,可以提前开花。

关键词: 萱草, 根区, 温度, 花期, 光合参数, 叶绿素荧光参数

Abstract:

To elucidate effects of different root zone temperature on growth, development and flowering of Hemerocallis fulva, Hemerocallis fulva cv. Free Wheelin and Hemerocallis fulva cv.Big City Eye were used as the materials, four different treatments[T15(15±1) ℃/(15±1) ℃(day/night), T20(20±1) ℃/(15±1) ℃(day/night), CK1 and CK2] were set up, growth and development, photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and changes of flowering period of Hemerocallis fulva under different root zone temperature were measured. The results showed that T20 treatment significantly increased the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf number and scape height of Hemerocallis fulva cv.Free Wheelin and Hemerocallis fulva cv.Big City Eye. Flower diameter of Hemerocallis fulva among the four treatments were not significantly different. Scape growing date of T20 treatment was the earliest, and flowering period of T20 treatment was the longest. The initial flowering period of Hemerocallis fulva cv.Free Wheelin at T20 treatment was 11, 23 and 30 d earlier than those of T15, CK1 and CK2. The initial flowering period of Hemerocallis fulva cv.Big City Eye at T20 treatment was 15, 27 and 21 d earlier than those of T15, CK1 and CK2. The net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) and stomatal conductance (G_s) of Hemerocallis fulva cv.Free Wheelin and Hemerocallis fulva cv.Big City Eye were the largest in T20, and were the smallest in CK1. The actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Φ_PSⅡ), PS Ⅱ light energy capture efficiency (F_v'/F_m'), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) of Hemerocallis fulva cv.Free Wheelin and Hemerocallis fulva cv.Big City Eye in four treatments were not significantly different. In summary, T20(20±1) ℃/(15±1) ℃(day/night) treatment was more conducive to promote the growth and development of Hemerocallis fulva, and the various indicators of Hemerocallis fulva cv.Big City Eye were better, and resulted in flowering in advance.

Key words: Hemerocallis fulva, root-zone, temperature, flowering period, photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters

中图分类号:

S682.1⁺9

张志国, 丛琳, 张世杰, 李荣光, 邹维娜, 迟法安, 张宝, 姜玉萍. 根区温度对萱草生长发育及其开花的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(5): 1005-1014.

ZHANG Zhiguo, CONG Lin, ZHANG Shijie, LI Rongguang, ZOU Weina, CHI Fa'an, ZHANG Bao, JIANG Yuping. Effects of root-zone temperature on growth, development and flowering of Hemerocallis fulva[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(5): 1005-1014.

图/表 9

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品种 Varieties	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	叶长 Leaf length/cm	叶宽 Leaf width/cm	叶片数 Leaf number
自由行Free Wheelin	CK1	36.00±1.79 d	57.17±1.60 d	2.40±0.09 a	9.20±0.41 c
	CK2	52.00±1.90 c	74.83±2.99 c	2.37±0.08 a	13.00±0.63 b
	T15	57.00±1.90 b	79.83±2.86 b	2.47±0.08 a	14.00±0.63 a
	T20	62.83±2.56 a	85.33±1.63 a	2.48±0.10 a	14.50±0.55 a
大眼睛Big City Eye	CK1	30.67±0.82 d	47.00±2.28 c	2.98±0.23 b	8.50±0.84 c
	CK2	41.50±2.81 c	65.33±2.73 b	2.83±0.08 b	12.17±1.47 b
	T15	48.17±0.75 b	68.00±2.10 ab	3.42±0.18 a	12.17±0.41 b
	T20	52.17±1.47 a	69.17±2.14 a	3.43±0.12 a	13.83±0.98 a

品种 Varieties	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	叶长 Leaf length/cm	叶宽 Leaf width/cm	叶片数 Leaf number
自由行Free Wheelin	CK1	36.00±1.79 d	57.17±1.60 d	2.40±0.09 a	9.20±0.41 c
	CK2	52.00±1.90 c	74.83±2.99 c	2.37±0.08 a	13.00±0.63 b
	T15	57.00±1.90 b	79.83±2.86 b	2.47±0.08 a	14.00±0.63 a
	T20	62.83±2.56 a	85.33±1.63 a	2.48±0.10 a	14.50±0.55 a
大眼睛Big City Eye	CK1	30.67±0.82 d	47.00±2.28 c	2.98±0.23 b	8.50±0.84 c
	CK2	41.50±2.81 c	65.33±2.73 b	2.83±0.08 b	12.17±1.47 b
	T15	48.17±0.75 b	68.00±2.10 ab	3.42±0.18 a	12.17±0.41 b
	T20	52.17±1.47 a	69.17±2.14 a	3.43±0.12 a	13.83±0.98 a

品种 Varieties	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	叶长 Leaf length/cm	叶宽 Leaf width/cm	叶片数 Leaf number
自由行Free Wheelin	CK1	50.50±1.76 b	64.00±3.63 c	2.28±0.16 b	10.83±0.41 c
	CK2	49.00±2.76 b	80.00±3.03 b	2.35±0.08 ab	13.33±0.52 b
	T15	61.17±1.33 a	82.67±0.82 b	2.38±0.12 ab	13.83±0.75 b
	T20	63.83±2.23 a	90.33±3.67 a	2.45±0.05 a	15.00±0.01 a
大眼睛Big City Eye	CK1	30.50±2.81 c	53.00±1.79 c	3.08±0.17 b	9.33±0.82 c
	CK2	39.17±0.98 b	66.83±1.94 b	3.10±0.13 b	13.16±0.75 b
	T15	47.00±1.26 a	67.67±2.94 ab	3.52±0.35 a	13.16±0.75 b
	T20	46.67±1.50 a	70.00±1.90 a	3.75±0.08 a	14.33±0.52 a

品种 Varieties	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	叶长 Leaf length/cm	叶宽 Leaf width/cm	叶片数 Leaf number
自由行Free Wheelin	CK1	50.50±1.76 b	64.00±3.63 c	2.28±0.16 b	10.83±0.41 c
	CK2	49.00±2.76 b	80.00±3.03 b	2.35±0.08 ab	13.33±0.52 b
	T15	61.17±1.33 a	82.67±0.82 b	2.38±0.12 ab	13.83±0.75 b
	T20	63.83±2.23 a	90.33±3.67 a	2.45±0.05 a	15.00±0.01 a
大眼睛Big City Eye	CK1	30.50±2.81 c	53.00±1.79 c	3.08±0.17 b	9.33±0.82 c
	CK2	39.17±0.98 b	66.83±1.94 b	3.10±0.13 b	13.16±0.75 b
	T15	47.00±1.26 a	67.67±2.94 ab	3.52±0.35 a	13.16±0.75 b
	T20	46.67±1.50 a	70.00±1.90 a	3.75±0.08 a	14.33±0.52 a

品种 Varieties	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	叶长 Leaf length/cm	叶宽 Leaf width/cm	叶片数 Leaf number	花葶高度 Scape height/cm
自由行Free Wheelin	CK1	52.83±2.04 c	66.50±1.05 c	1.92±0.12 c	13.00±1.41 c	58.33±2.58 c
	CK2	65.67±1.75 b	72.83±2.32 b	2.15±0.05 b	12.50±0.55 c	74.17±2.86 b
	T15	65.67±0.82 b	82.67±1.37 a	2.33±0.14 a	14.33±0.52 b	88.00±0.89 a
	T20	68.17±1.17 a	84.83±1.47 a	2.47±0.05 a	16.17±0.41 a	88.50±0.84 a
大眼睛Big City Eye	CK1	46.67±1.51 c	54.83±2.32 c	2.78±0.20 b	12.00±0.89 c	75.50±1.05 c
	CK2	53.00±1.79 b	66.83±1.83 b	2.92±0.15 ab	14.50±0.55 b	84.17±1.47 a
	T15	53.67±1.37 b	68.00±4.34 ab	3.03±0.05 a	15.83±0.75 a	81.67±1.21 b
	T20	57.67±1.63 a	70.83±1.83 a	3.05±0.05 a	16.00±0.63 a	84.33±1.21 a

根区温度对萱草生长发育及其开花的影响

Effects of root-zone temperature on growth, development and flowering of Hemerocallis fulva

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品种 Varieties	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	叶长 Leaf length/cm	叶宽 Leaf width/cm	叶片数 Leaf number	花葶高度 Scape height/cm	花径 Stem length/cm
自由行	CK1	68.67±1.03 c	67.67±0.52 c	1.63±0.05 c	14.33±0.82 b	79.00±1.26 c	22.50±0.45 a
Free Wheelin	CK2	65.50±0.55 d	68.00±1.26 c	2.05±0.12 b	14.67±0.52 b	79.00±0.89 c	22.83±0.26 a
	T15	71.33±0.82 b	80.33±1.03 b	2.27±0.05 a	16.17±0.41 a	85.83±2.48 b	23.17±0.41 a
	T20	75.17±0.75 a	82.67±1.03 a	2.28±0.08 a	16.67±0.52 a	90.50±1.87 a	23.25±0.88 a
大眼睛	CK1	66.00±1.10 c	65.33±1.21 b	2.70±0.06 bc	14.50±0.55 b	77.17±1.72 c	11.73±0.43 a
Big City Eye	CK2	68.00±0.63 b	64.67±1.03 b	2.60±0.18 c	14.67±0.52 b	84.00±1.41 ab	11.33±0.68 a
	T15	69.83±0.75 b	69.00±1.26 a	2.85±0.14 b	16.67±0.52 a	81.50±1.38 b	11.75±0.27 a
	T20	73.33±2.34 a	70.83±3.25 a	3.03±0.08 a	16.17±0.41 a	85.33±3.01 a	11.78±0.25 a

品种 Varieties	处理 Treatment	抽葶日期 Scape growing date	始花期 Initial flowering period	末花期 Flower withering period	花期 Flowering period/d
自由行Free Wheelin	CK1	2021-05-05	2021-05-18	2021-06-27	40
	CK2	2021-04-22	2021-05-25	2021-06-24	30
	T15	2021-04-02	2021-05-06	2021-06-24	49
	T20	2021-03-23	2021-04-25	2021-06-18	54
大眼睛Big City Eye	CK1	2021-04-22	2021-05-14	2021-06-16	33
	CK2	2021-04-04	2021-05-08	2021-06-19	42
	T15	2021-03-28	2021-05-02	2021-06-25	54
	T20	2021-03-15	2021-04-17	2021-06-18	62

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