蓝桉根际菌根真菌的分离鉴定及其对蓝桉生长和光合特性的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.05.16

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 1015-1023.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.05.16

蓝桉根际菌根真菌的分离鉴定及其对蓝桉生长和光合特性的影响

王晓丽¹(), 赵英伟², 孔晓娜¹, 曹子林³^,^*()

1.西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明 650224
2.广西国有东门林场,广西扶绥 532108
3.西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明 650224

收稿日期:2021-05-03 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-06-06
作者简介:* 曹子林,E-mail: fjcaozilin@qq.com
王晓丽(1976—),女,河北邯郸人,博士,副教授,主要从事森林培育方面的教学与研究工作。E-mail: 1144607944@qq.com
通讯作者: 曹子林
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0600501)

Isolation and identification of mycorrhizal fungi in rhizosphere and their effect on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings

WANG Xiaoli¹(), ZHAO Yingwei², KONG Xiaona¹, CAO Zilin³^,^*()

1. College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
2. State-Owned Dongmen Forest Farm in Guangxi,Fusui 532108, Guangxi, China
3. College of Ecology and Environment, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China

Received:2021-05-03 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-06-06
Contact: CAO Zilin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蓝桉是桉树中少有的油、材兼用树种。从云南蓝桉人工林中采集根际土,调查菌根真菌的种类和优势种,并通过控制育苗基质中菌根真菌菌群的数量,分析菌根真菌对蓝桉苗木生长和光合特性的影响,探讨影响其生长的主要菌根真菌种类,以期从菌根化育苗方面为蓝桉的壮苗培育提供指导。结果表明:从根际土中分离出3属6种菌根真菌,分别为聚丛球囊霉(Glomus aggregatum)、何氏球囊霉(Glomus hoi)、多梗球囊霉(Glomus multicaule)、摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)、幼套近明球囊霉(Claroideoglomus etunicatum)、缩隔球囊霉(Septoglomus constrictum),其中,聚丛球囊霉、幼套近明球囊霉和摩西球囊霉为优势菌种(三者合计占总孢子密度的80.77%)。苗龄10个月时,随着育苗基质中菌群数量增多,蓝桉苗木的菌根侵染率增大,侵染强度增强,且接种适量的菌根真菌对苗高、地径都具有显著(P<0.05)促进作用,且能显著(P<0.05)提高苗木的叶绿素含量和表观量子效率,降低光补偿点和光饱和点。相关性分析和逐步回归分析结果显示,对苗木生长和光合能力起主要促进作用的是聚丛球囊霉、幼套近明球囊霉和缩隔球囊霉。

关键词: 蓝桉, 菌根菌, 分离鉴定, 生长指标, 光合特性

Abstract:

In Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus globulus is a specific species for oil and timber dual-use. In order to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the cultivation of sound seedlings of E. globulus from the perspective of mycorrhizal seedlings, rhizosphere soil of E. globulus was collected from Yunnan Province. The species and dominant species of mycorrhizal fungi in rhizosphere soil were investigated. The effects of the isolated mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of E. globulus seedlings were analyzed by controlling the number of mycorrhizal fungi in the nursery substrate. The main species of mycorrhizal fungi affecting seedling growth were explored through gradual regression analysis. The results showed that six species of mycorrhizal fungi were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of E. globulus plantation, which were Glomus mosseae, Glomus aggregatum, Glomus multicaule, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Septoglomus constrictum, and Glomus hoi. The dominant mycorrhizal fungi were G. aggregatum, C. etunicatum and G. mosseae, which accumulatively accounted for 80.77% of the total spore density. At 10 months of age, the infection rate and infection intensity of mycorrhizal fungi of E. globulus seedlings were increased with the increase of the number of mycorrhizal fungi in the nursery substrate. At the ages of 5 months and 10 months, the seedling height, ground diameter of E. globulus seedlings were significantly (P<0.05) elevated with mycorrhizal fungi in the nursery substrate, the light compensation point and light saturation point of E. globulus seedlings were significantly (P<0.05) reduced, meanwhile the chlorophyll content and apparent quantum yield were significantly (P<0.05) increased. The dominant species promoting the growth and photosynthesis of E. globulus seedlings were G. aggregatum, C. etunicatum and S. constrictum, which was revealed by the correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis.

Key words: Eucalyptus globulus Labill, mycorrhizal fungi, isolation and identification, growth index, photosynthetic characteristics

中图分类号:

王晓丽, 赵英伟, 孔晓娜, 曹子林. 蓝桉根际菌根真菌的分离鉴定及其对蓝桉生长和光合特性的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(5): 1015-1023.

WANG Xiaoli, ZHAO Yingwei, KONG Xiaona, CAO Zilin. Isolation and identification of mycorrhizal fungi in rhizosphere and their effect on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(5): 1015-1023.

图/表 13

图1 聚丛球囊霉孢子形态(400×) A,水中的孢子;B,孢子壁(L1、L2)。

Fig.1 Morphological characteristics of Glomus aggregatum spores (400×) A, Spore in water; B, Spore wall (L1 and L2).

图2 何氏球囊霉孢子形态(400×) A,水中的孢子、连菌孢丝(SH);B,压破的孢子;C,孢子壁(L1、L2)。

Fig.2 Morphological characteristics of Glomus hoi spores (400×) A, Spore in water, and subtending hypha (SH); B, Crushed spore; C, Spore wall (L1 and L2).

图3 多梗球囊霉孢子形态(400×) A,水中的孢子;B,连菌孢丝(SH);C,孢子壁(L1)。

Fig.3 Morphological characteristics of Glomus multicaule spores (400×) A, Spore in water; B, Subtending hypha (SH); C, Spore wall (L1).

图4 摩西球囊霉孢子形态(400×) A,水中的孢子、连菌孢丝(SH);B,孢子壁(L1、L2、L3)。

Fig.4 Morphological characteristics of Glomus mosseae spores (400×) A, Spore in water, and subtending hypha (SH); B, Spore wall (L1, L2 and L3).

图5 幼套近明球囊霉孢子形态(400×) A,水中的孢子、连孢菌丝(SH);B,孢子壁(L1、L2)。

Fig.5 Morphological characteristics of Claroideoglomus etunicatum spores (400×) A, Spore in water, and subtending hypha (SH); B, Spore wall (L1 and L2).

图6 缩隔球囊霉孢子形态(400×) A,水中的孢子、连孢菌丝(SH);B,孢子壁(L1)。

Fig.6 Morphological characteristics of Septoglomus constrictum spores (400×) A, Spore in water, and subtending hypha (SH); B, Spore wall (L1).

表1 不同处理下蓝桉苗木的菌根侵染率和侵染强度

Table 1 Mycorrhizal infection rate and infection intensity of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings under different treatments

处理 Treatment	菌根侵染率 Mycorrhizal infection rate/%	菌根侵染强度 Mycorrhizal infection intensity
1	0	Ⅰ
2	61.5	Ⅳ
3	79.5	Ⅴ

图7 蓝桉苗木根部菌根外观形态、根内菌丝和真菌泡囊 a,菌根外观形态;b,根内菌丝(100×);c,根内泡囊(100×)。

Fig.7 Morphological characteristics of mycorrhiza, hyphae and vesicles of root of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings a, Morphological characteristics of mycorrhiza; b, Hyphae in root (100×); c, Vesicles in root (100×).

表2 育苗前后不同处理基质中菌根菌的孢子密度

Table 2 Spore density of mycorrhizal fungi in nursery substrate under different treatments before and after growing seedlings g-1

处理 Treatment	育苗前Before seedling						育苗后 After seedling
处理 Treatment	A	B	C	D	E	F	A	B	C	D	E	F
1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
2	9	19	5	14	4	1	20	83	6	59	5	2
3	18	38	10	28	8	2	35	76	16	56	14	3

表3 不同处理对蓝桉苗木生长情况和生物量的影响

Table 3 Effects of different treatments on growth indexes and biomass of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings

处理 Treatment	5个月 Five months		10个月 Ten months
处理 Treatment	苗高 Seedling height/cm	地径 Ground diameter/mm	苗高 Seedling height/cm	地径 Ground diameter/mm	根干重 Root dry weight/g	茎干重 Stem dry weight/g	叶干重 Leaf dry weight/g
1	28.61±1.22 ab	1.36±0.08	32.82±1.18 b	2.63±0.07 ab	0.33±0.07	0.76±0.08	0.55±0.03
2	31.39±1.29 a	1.41±0.78	36.77±0.82 a	2.82±0.09 a	0.39±0.07	0.78±0.09	0.56±0.01
3	26.31±1.11 b	1.28±0.59	31.18±1.02 b	2.46±0.11 b	0.35±0.05	0.82±0.08	0.73±0.08

表4 不同处理对蓝桉苗木叶绿素含量、叶面积指数和光合参数的影响

Table 4 Effects of different treatments on chlorophyll content, leaf area index and photosynthetic parameters of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings

处理 Treatment	叶绿素a Chlorophyll a/ (mg·g^-1)	叶绿素b Chlorophyll b/ (mg·g^-1)	总叶绿素 Total chlorophyll/ (mg·g^-1)	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	表观量子效率 Apparent quantum yield	最大净光合速率 Maximum net photosynthetic rate/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	暗呼吸速率 Dark respiration rate/(μmol· m^-2·s^-1)	光补偿点 Light compensation point/(μmol· m^-2·s^-1)	光饱和点 Light saturation point/(μmol· m^-2·s^-1)
1	0.705± 0.049 b	0.236± 0.013	0.942± 0.054 b	1.32± 0.16	0.047± 0.010 c	4.726± 1.880	1.035± 0.178	20.010± 1.189 a	315.923± 32.767 a
2	0.712± 0.061 b	0.245± 0.003	0.957± 0.064 b	1.49± 0.12	0.070± 0.006 b	4.838± 0.743	1.071± 0.031	13.044± 0.716 b	265.894± 4.345 b
3	0.834± 0.048 a	0.271± 0.071	1.105± 0.061 a	1.50± 0.11	0.097± 0.005 a	4.910± 1.074	1.127± 0.061	8.781± 0.606 c	217.170± 20.564 c

表5 已鉴定菌种与蓝桉苗木生理生化指标的相关性

Table 5 Correlation within mycorrhizal fungi species and physiochemical indexes of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings

指标Index	A	B	C	D	E	F
苗高Seedling height/cm	-0.991	1.000^*	-0.958	0.991	0.958	-0.835
地径Ground diameter/cm	0.679	-0.271	0.032	-0.439	0.032	0.036
根干重Rood dry weight/g	-0.929	0.992	-0.945	0.996	0.945	-0.956
茎干重Stem dry weight/g	0.996	-0.846	0.693	-0.928	-0.693	0.553
叶干重Leaf dry weight/g	0.928	-0.657	0.457	-0.781	-0.457	0.158
表观量子效率Apparent quantum yield	0.689	-0.234	0.046	-0.283	-0.046	-0.053
最大净光合速率	-0.961	0.693	-0.544	0.444	0.544	-0.390
Maximum net photosynthetic rate/(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
暗呼吸速率Dark respiration rate/(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	-0.744	0.310	-0.125	0.207	0.125	0.228
光补偿点Light compensation point(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	-0.544	0.052	0.138	0.454	0.138	0.322
光饱和点Light saturation point/(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	-0.649	0.181	0.008	0.335	0.008	0.298

表6 已鉴定菌种与蓝桉苗木生长指标以及光合特性的逐步回归分析

Table 6 Stepwise regression within mycorrhizal fungi species and growth indexes and photosynthetic characteristics of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings

苗木指标Indexes of seedling	回归方程Regression equation	r	R²	P
Y₁:苗高Seedling height/cm	Y₁=21.675+0.234X₂+0.100X₅	1.000	0.999	0.017
Y₂:根干重Rood dry weight/g	Y₂=0.237+0.001X₂+0.002X₄	0.998	0.995	0.045
Y₂:最大净光合速率Maximum net photosynthetic rate/(μmoL·m^-2·s^-1)	Y₃=4.410+0.004X₂+0.004X₄	0.998	0.995	0.045

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蓝桉根际菌根真菌的分离鉴定及其对蓝桉生长和光合特性的影响

Isolation and identification of mycorrhizal fungi in rhizosphere and their effect on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings

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