竹屑与麦麸堆肥用作大球盖菇栽培基质的适宜配比研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.05.17

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 1024-1031.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.05.17

竹屑与麦麸堆肥用作大球盖菇栽培基质的适宜配比研究

吴一凡¹^,²(), 夏捷¹, 陈胜¹, 张玮¹, 谢锦忠¹^,^*()

1.中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江杭州 311400
2.南京林业大学林学院,江苏南京 210000

收稿日期:2021-05-25 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-06-06
通讯作者: 谢锦忠
作者简介:* 谢锦忠,E-mail: jzhxie@163.net
吴一凡(1997—),男,湖北宜都人,硕士研究生,主要从事竹资源利用与林下经济研究。E-mail: wuyifan04@163.com
基金资助:
浙江省省院合作林业科技与省本级林业科技推广项目(2020SY05);浙江省基础公益研究计划(LGN19C160002);宁波市科技计划(2019C10048);宁波市科技计划(2019B10020);中央财政林业科技推广示范资金(2020TS17)

Study on suitable ratio for bamboo sawdust and wheat bran composting as substrate of Stropharia rugosoannulata

WU Yifan¹^,²(), XIA Jie¹, CHEN Sheng¹, ZHANG Wei¹, XIE Jinzhong¹^,^*()

1. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
2. College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210000, China

Received:2021-05-25 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-06-06
Contact: XIE Jinzhong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨竹材废弃物的基质化利用技术,将竹屑与麦麸按不同质量混配,依麦麸添加量(质量分数)设置4个处理(CK,0;T1,4%;T2,8%;T3,16%),研究堆肥前后理化性质的变化,及其作为大球盖菇栽培基质的可行性。结果表明,堆肥后,T1~T3处理的容重、电导率显著(P<0.05)增加,通气孔隙度、气水比、纤维素含量、木质素含量显著(P<0.05)下降。在0~8%范围内,随着麦麸添加量的增加,竹屑腐熟效果变好,但当麦麸添加量过高时,会延长发酵腐熟的时间。T2处理下,堆体发酵的高温期持续时间为10 d,发酵后种子发芽指数达到81.73%,大球盖菇菌丝生长势最佳,生长速度达到0.394 mm·d^-1。据此建议在竹屑堆肥时添加8%的麦麸,以利于发酵腐熟,且腐熟的产品可作为大球盖菇等适应较高C/N食用菌的基质使用。

关键词: 竹屑, 麦麸, 堆肥, 基质, 大球盖菇

Abstract:

In order to explore the feasibility of substrate utilization of bamboo sawdust, wheat bran was mixed with bamboo sawdust for composting. According to the addition rate (mass fraction) of wheat bran, four treatments were set as CK 0, T1 4%, T2 8% and T3 16%. The changes of physiochemical properties before and after composting were studied, and the application potential of the composting product as cultivation substrate of Stropharia rugosoannulata was explored as well. It was shown that, the bulk density and electrical conductivity increased significantly (P<0.05) after composting under T1-T3 treatments, yet aeration porosity, the ratio of aeration porosity to water-holding porosity,cellulose and lignin content decreased significantly (P<0.05). When the addition rate was 0-8%, with increasing addition rate of wheat bran, the composting effect got better. But, when the addition rate of wheat bran was too high, the composting time would get longer. Under T2 treatment, the high temperature durationwas 10 d, the seed germination index of composting product reached 81.73%, and the mycelial growth potential of Stropharia rugosoannulata was the best, and the mycelial growth rate reached 0.394 mm·d^-1. Thus, it was recommended to add 8% wheat bran into bamboo sawdust when composting,which would benefit for the composting, and the compost product could be used as the substrate for edible fungi with high C/N tolerance, such as Stropharia rugosoannulata.

Key words: bamboo sawdust, wheat bran, compost, substrate, Stropharia rugosoannulata

中图分类号:

S646.1
S795

吴一凡, 夏捷, 陈胜, 张玮, 谢锦忠. 竹屑与麦麸堆肥用作大球盖菇栽培基质的适宜配比研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(5): 1024-1031.

WU Yifan, XIA Jie, CHEN Sheng, ZHANG Wei, XIE Jinzhong. Study on suitable ratio for bamboo sawdust and wheat bran composting as substrate of Stropharia rugosoannulata[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(5): 1024-1031.

图/表 8

表1 好氧堆肥试验设计

Table 1 Experimental design of aerobic composting test

处理 Treatment	竹屑 Bamboo scraps/%	麦麸 Wheat bran/%	石灰 Lime/%	初始碳氮比 Initial C/N ratio
CK	99.5	0	0.5	180
T1	95.5	4	0.5	130
T2	91.5	8	0.5	100
T3	83.5	16	0.5	70

图1 不同处理堆肥过程中堆体温度的变化

Fig.1 Dynamics of temperature during bamboo scraps composting under different treatments

表2 堆肥前后物理性质的变化

Table 2 Changes of physical properties of bamboo scraps composting

处理 Treatment	容重 Bulk density/(g·cm^-3)		总孔隙度 Total porosity/%		通气孔隙度 Aeration porosity/%		持水孔隙度 Water-holding porosity/%		气水比 AP/WHP
处理 Treatment	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	+	-	+
CK	0.167 a	0.165 b	74.26 b	74.77 a	52.53 b	54.46 a	21.73 a	20.31 b	2.42 b	2.71 a
T1	0.166 a	0.182 a^*	73.91 b	72.38 b	52.37 b	47.80 b^*	21.54 a	25.51 a	2.43 b	1.87 b^*
T2	0.170 a	0.182 a^*	76.25 b	72.10 b^*	55.37 a	46.17 b^*	20.88 b	27.31 a^*	2.65 a	1.69 b^*
T3	0.173 a	0.181 a^*	81.46 a	74.87 a^*	57.49 a	46.06 b^*	22.96 a	25.52 a	2.51 a	1.80 b^*

图2 各处理堆肥前后的pH值和电导率(EC) 柱上无相同字母的表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。

Fig.2 pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of different treatments before and after composting Bars marked without the same letters indicate significant difference at P<0.05. The same as below.

表3 堆肥前后碳氮比的变化

Table 3 Changes of carbon nitrogen ratio of bamboo scraps composting

处理 Treatment	堆肥前 Before composting	堆肥后 After composting	T值 T value
CK	179.771 a	179.379 a	0.998 a
T1	131.223 b	86.100 b^*	0.656 c
T2	102.231 c	57.796 c^*	0.565 d
T3	71.104 d	58.627 c^*	0.825 b

图3 各处理堆肥前后的木质素、纤维素含量

Fig.3 Contents of lignin and cellulose before and after composting

表4 不同处理的种子发芽指数和大球盖菇的菌丝生长情况

Table 4 Germination index and mycelial growth of Stropharia rugosoannulata under different treatments

处理 Treatment	种子发芽指数 Germination index/%	菌丝生长速度 Mycelium growth rate/(mm·d^-1)	菌丝生长势 Mycelium growth potential
CK	98.76 a	0.546 a	++
T1	86.60 b	0.590 a	+++
T2	81.73 b	0.394 b	++++
T3	65.51 c	0.075 c	+

图4 不同处理栽培大球盖菇的菌丝生长情况

Fig.4 Mycelial growth of Stropharia rugosoannulata under different treatments

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竹屑与麦麸堆肥用作大球盖菇栽培基质的适宜配比研究

Study on suitable ratio for bamboo sawdust and wheat bran composting as substrate of Stropharia rugosoannulata

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