浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 1347-1357.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.08.01
王佳(), 慕瑞瑞, 杨乔乔, 刘伟, 张月荷, 康建宏*(
)
收稿日期:
2021-06-12
出版日期:
2021-08-25
发布日期:
2021-08-27
通讯作者:
康建宏
作者简介:
*康建宏,E-mail: kangjianhong@163.com基金资助:
WANG Jia(), MU Ruirui, YANG Qiaoqiao, LIU Wei, ZHANG Yuehe, KANG Jianhong*(
)
Received:
2021-06-12
Online:
2021-08-25
Published:
2021-08-27
Contact:
KANG Jianhong
摘要:
通过2018—2019年田间试验,研究不同施钾量对宁夏春玉米叶绿素荧光特性及产量的影响。以天赐19号为试验材料,采用随机区组试验设计,设6个梯度钾肥量处理,K0(0 kg· hm-2)、K1(60 kg·hm-2)、K2(120 kg·hm-2)、K3(180 kg·hm-2)、K4(240 kg·hm-2)、K5(300 kg·hm-2)。结果表明,施用钾肥可增强玉米的荧光特性,提高宁夏春玉米产量,施钾180 kg·hm-2时,叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ综合性能指数(PI)、单位反应中心吸收的光能(ABS/RC)等指标均达到最优;施钾量为0~180 kg·hm-2时,玉米产量随着施钾量的增加而增加,当施钾量超过180 kg·hm-2,春玉米产量开始下降。相关分析表明,产量与SPAD、Fm、最小荧光(Fo)、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、PI、ABS/RC均有不同程度的正相关关系,因此,施钾量180 kg·hm-2是该区最佳的钾肥施用量。
中图分类号:
王佳, 慕瑞瑞, 杨乔乔, 刘伟, 张月荷, 康建宏. 滴灌水肥一体化下施钾量对宁夏春玉米叶绿素荧光特性与产量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(8): 1347-1357.
WANG Jia, MU Ruirui, YANG Qiaoqiao, LIU Wei, ZHANG Yuehe, KANG Jianhong. Effects of potassium application rate on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and yield of spring maize in Ningxia under integrated drip irrigation[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(8): 1347-1357.
钾肥用量及灌水量 Amount of potash fertilizer and irrigation | 苗期 Seedling stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 抽雄-吐丝期 Anthesis silking stage | 灌浆期 Filling stage | 成熟期 Mature stage | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
硫酸钾Potassium sulphate(K0)/(kg·hm-2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | / | 0 | 0 | 0 | / |
硫酸钾Potassium sulphate(K1)/(kg·hm-2) | 6 | 8.08 | 8.08 | 8.08 | 8.76 | / | 7 | 7 | 7 | / |
硫酸钾Potassium sulphate(K2)/(kg·hm-2) | 12 | 16.16 | 16.16 | 16.16 | 17.52 | / | 14 | 14 | 14 | / |
硫酸钾Potassium sulphate(K3)/(kg·hm-2) | 18 | 24.24 | 24.24 | 24.24 | 26.28 | / | 21 | 21 | 21 | / |
硫酸钾Potassium sulphate(K4)/(kg·hm-2) | 24 | 32.32 | 32.32 | 32.32 | 35.04 | / | 28 | 28 | 28 | / |
硫酸钾Potassium sulphate(K5)/(kg·hm-2) | 30 | 40.4 | 40.4 | 40.4 | 43.8 | / | 35 | 35 | 35 | / |
灌水量Irrigation amount/(m3·hm-2) | 195 | 240 | 240 | 240 | 270 | 270 | 270 | 270 | 270 | 210 |
表1 玉米全生育时期钾肥用量及灌水量
Table 1 Potash use and irrigationduring full fertility of maize
钾肥用量及灌水量 Amount of potash fertilizer and irrigation | 苗期 Seedling stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 抽雄-吐丝期 Anthesis silking stage | 灌浆期 Filling stage | 成熟期 Mature stage | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
硫酸钾Potassium sulphate(K0)/(kg·hm-2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | / | 0 | 0 | 0 | / |
硫酸钾Potassium sulphate(K1)/(kg·hm-2) | 6 | 8.08 | 8.08 | 8.08 | 8.76 | / | 7 | 7 | 7 | / |
硫酸钾Potassium sulphate(K2)/(kg·hm-2) | 12 | 16.16 | 16.16 | 16.16 | 17.52 | / | 14 | 14 | 14 | / |
硫酸钾Potassium sulphate(K3)/(kg·hm-2) | 18 | 24.24 | 24.24 | 24.24 | 26.28 | / | 21 | 21 | 21 | / |
硫酸钾Potassium sulphate(K4)/(kg·hm-2) | 24 | 32.32 | 32.32 | 32.32 | 35.04 | / | 28 | 28 | 28 | / |
硫酸钾Potassium sulphate(K5)/(kg·hm-2) | 30 | 40.4 | 40.4 | 40.4 | 43.8 | / | 35 | 35 | 35 | / |
灌水量Irrigation amount/(m3·hm-2) | 195 | 240 | 240 | 240 | 270 | 270 | 270 | 270 | 270 | 210 |
图2 不同施钾量对玉米SPAD的影响 JT,拔节期;BT,大喇叭口期;TL,抽雄期;FL,灌浆期。不同字母表示同时期差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。
Fig.2 Effect of different potassium application rate on SPAD value of maize JT, Jointing stage; BT, Large bell stage; TL, Tasseling stage; FL, Filling stage. The bars with different letters indicated significant difference at the 0.05 level. The same as bellow.
年份 Year | 处理 Treatment | 产量 Yield/ (kg·hm-2) | 穗数 Spike number/ (ind·hm-2) | 穗行数 Kernel-row number per ear | 行粒数 Number of kernels per row | 百粒重 Weight of 100-kernel/g |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | K0 | 14 819.0±32.98 a | 95 295±414 a | 15.06±0.31 a | 31.45±0.88 a | 34.53±1.58 a |
K1 | 15 666.2±85.10 a | 95 890±273 a | 15.00±0.24 a | 32.60±1.41 a | 35.26±1.25 a | |
K2 | 15 680.1±102.39 a | 96 350±1 708 a | 14.80±0.14 a | 31.95±3.30 a | 36.61±0.95 a | |
K3 | 16 231.1±42.06 a | 97 105±185 a | 15.13±0.18 a | 32.21±0.92 a | 36.70±0.65 a | |
K4 | 16 053.1±34.49 a | 96 390±851 a | 15.40±0.15 a | 31.83±0.87 a | 36.11±1.44 a | |
K5 | 15 548.6±10.98 a | 96 145±1 399 a | 15.20±0.48 a | 32.77±1.27 a | 34.42±0.61 a | |
2019 | K0 | 15 892.7±32.27 b | 95 040±754 b | 17.07±0.36 a | 31.67±0.75 ab | 34.68±1.10 b |
K1 | 15 951.8±99.58 ab | 95 785±737 ab | 16.80±0.96 a | 31.70±01.53 ab | 35.57±1.39 ab | |
K2 | 16 585.9±41.54 ab | 95 880±853 ab | 17.07±0.35 a | 31.13±0.89 ab | 36.24±1.00 ab | |
K3 | 16 806.9±72.06 a | 97 595±995 a | 17.00±0.46 a | 31.57±1.14 a | 36.75±0.31 a | |
K4 | 16 096.2±44.37 ab | 96 550±1 400 ab | 17.00±0.36 a | 30.13±0.29 b | 36.87±0.97 a | |
K5 | 15 990.3±74.78 ab | 96 080±355 ab | 17.13±1.13 a | 31.73±1.46 ab | 34.37±1.48 b |
表2 不同施钾量下玉米产量及构成因素的变化
Table 2 Changes in yield components of maize under different potassium application rates
年份 Year | 处理 Treatment | 产量 Yield/ (kg·hm-2) | 穗数 Spike number/ (ind·hm-2) | 穗行数 Kernel-row number per ear | 行粒数 Number of kernels per row | 百粒重 Weight of 100-kernel/g |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | K0 | 14 819.0±32.98 a | 95 295±414 a | 15.06±0.31 a | 31.45±0.88 a | 34.53±1.58 a |
K1 | 15 666.2±85.10 a | 95 890±273 a | 15.00±0.24 a | 32.60±1.41 a | 35.26±1.25 a | |
K2 | 15 680.1±102.39 a | 96 350±1 708 a | 14.80±0.14 a | 31.95±3.30 a | 36.61±0.95 a | |
K3 | 16 231.1±42.06 a | 97 105±185 a | 15.13±0.18 a | 32.21±0.92 a | 36.70±0.65 a | |
K4 | 16 053.1±34.49 a | 96 390±851 a | 15.40±0.15 a | 31.83±0.87 a | 36.11±1.44 a | |
K5 | 15 548.6±10.98 a | 96 145±1 399 a | 15.20±0.48 a | 32.77±1.27 a | 34.42±0.61 a | |
2019 | K0 | 15 892.7±32.27 b | 95 040±754 b | 17.07±0.36 a | 31.67±0.75 ab | 34.68±1.10 b |
K1 | 15 951.8±99.58 ab | 95 785±737 ab | 16.80±0.96 a | 31.70±01.53 ab | 35.57±1.39 ab | |
K2 | 16 585.9±41.54 ab | 95 880±853 ab | 17.07±0.35 a | 31.13±0.89 ab | 36.24±1.00 ab | |
K3 | 16 806.9±72.06 a | 97 595±995 a | 17.00±0.46 a | 31.57±1.14 a | 36.75±0.31 a | |
K4 | 16 096.2±44.37 ab | 96 550±1 400 ab | 17.00±0.36 a | 30.13±0.29 b | 36.87±0.97 a | |
K5 | 15 990.3±74.78 ab | 96 080±355 ab | 17.13±1.13 a | 31.73±1.46 ab | 34.37±1.48 b |
指标Index | 产量Yield | SPAD | Fo | Fm | Fv/Fm | Fv/Fo | PI | ABS/RC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
产量Yield | 1 | |||||||
SPAD | 0.71 | 1 | ||||||
Fo | 0.32 | 0.62 | 1 | |||||
Fm | 0.66 | 0.62 | 0.54 | 1 | ||||
Fv/Fm | 0.29 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.88* | 1 | |||
Fv/Fo | 0.28 | 0.54 | 0.52 | 0.84* | 0.98** | 1 | ||
PI | 0.29 | 0.52 | 0.21 | 0.71 | 0.88* | 0.92* | 1 | |
ABS/RC | 0.66 | 0.94** | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.64 | 0.72 | 0.65 | 1 |
表3 玉米叶绿素荧光特性与产量之间的相关性
Table 3 Correlation between maize chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and yield
指标Index | 产量Yield | SPAD | Fo | Fm | Fv/Fm | Fv/Fo | PI | ABS/RC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
产量Yield | 1 | |||||||
SPAD | 0.71 | 1 | ||||||
Fo | 0.32 | 0.62 | 1 | |||||
Fm | 0.66 | 0.62 | 0.54 | 1 | ||||
Fv/Fm | 0.29 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.88* | 1 | |||
Fv/Fo | 0.28 | 0.54 | 0.52 | 0.84* | 0.98** | 1 | ||
PI | 0.29 | 0.52 | 0.21 | 0.71 | 0.88* | 0.92* | 1 | |
ABS/RC | 0.66 | 0.94** | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.64 | 0.72 | 0.65 | 1 |
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摘要 1677
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