水肥一体化模式中化肥减施与不同基追肥比例对大蒜产量和品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.08.08

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 1409-1415.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.08.08

水肥一体化模式中化肥减施与不同基追肥比例对大蒜产量和品质的影响

齐振宇¹(), 蔡溧聪², 胡卫珍¹, 蔡盼², 张龙平³, 任艳云³, 周艳虹²^,^*()

1.浙江大学农业试验站,浙江杭州 310058
2.浙江大学农业与生物技术学院,浙江杭州 310058
3.济宁市农业科学研究院, 山东济宁 272007

收稿日期:2021-01-21 出版日期:2021-08-25 发布日期:2021-08-27
通讯作者: 周艳虹
作者简介:*周艳虹,E-mail: yanhongzhou@zju.edu.cn
齐振宇(1976—),男,湖北当阳人,博士,高级实验师,主要从事园艺作物生长发育调控研究。E-mail: qizhenyu@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201203);国家特色蔬菜产业体系(CARS-24-B-01)

Effects of reduced application of chemical fertilizers and ratio of base and topdressing fertilizers on yield and quality of garlic in integrated mode of water and fertilizer

QI Zhenyu¹(), CAI Licong², HU Weizhen¹, CAI Pan², ZHANG Longping³, REN Yanyun³, ZHOU Yanhong²^,^*()

1. Agricultural Experimental Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
2. College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
3. Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jining 272007, China

Received:2021-01-21 Online:2021-08-25 Published:2021-08-27
Contact: ZHOU Yanhong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确水肥一体化灌溉模式中施肥量与基追肥比例对大蒜产量与品质的影响,以山东嘉祥紫皮蒜为试验品种,在减施化肥20%条件下,设置不同的灌溉方式和基追肥比例。结果表明,大蒜水肥一体化灌溉较常规大水漫灌,每667 m²平均节水40.85 m³,节水率平均达52.50%;在不同的基肥追肥比例及灌溉方式中,水肥一体化喷灌并施用基肥60%和追肥40%处理增产效果最明显,蒜薹和蒜头产量分别提高了14.48%和10.89%,且可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量相比于常规大水漫灌处理分别提高了9.01%、15.75%。研究表明,通过水肥一体化模式,在合适的基追肥比例下,能够实现大蒜种植的节水、减肥和增产。

关键词: 大蒜, 水肥一体化, 基追肥比例, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

In order to understand the effect of the appropriate ratio of base and topdressing fertilizers for water and fertilizer integrated irrigation on the yield and quality of garlic, the local purple garlic in Jiaxiang was used as an experimental variety, and different irrigation treatments were set under the fertigation condition with 20% reduction of fertilizer. The results showed that the water and fertilizer integrated irrigation treatment saved about 40.85 m³ of water per 667 m² and the water-saving rate reached 52.50% compared with the conventional flood irrigation. Among different ratios of base and topdressing fertilizers and irrigation methods, the treatment of water and fertilizer coupling sprinkler irrigation, 60% basal fertilizers and 40% topdressing fertilizers had the best effect on yield increase. The yield of garlic sprouts and garlic increased by 14.48% and 10.89% compared with the conventional flood irrigation, respectively. Meanwhile, water and fertilizer integrated irrigation improved the quality parameters of garlic. Soluble protein and soluble sugar increased by 9.01% and 15.75% compared with the conventional flood irrigation, respectively. These results suggested that water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and optimizing ratio of base and topdressing fertilizers could reduce fertilizer and water usage and increase crop yields.

Key words: garlic, water and fertilizer integration, ratio of base and top dressing fertilizer, yield, quality

中图分类号:

S633.4

齐振宇, 蔡溧聪, 胡卫珍, 蔡盼, 张龙平, 任艳云, 周艳虹. 水肥一体化模式中化肥减施与不同基追肥比例对大蒜产量和品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(8): 1409-1415.

QI Zhenyu, CAI Licong, HU Weizhen, CAI Pan, ZHANG Longping, REN Yanyun, ZHOU Yanhong. Effects of reduced application of chemical fertilizers and ratio of base and topdressing fertilizers on yield and quality of garlic in integrated mode of water and fertilizer[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(8): 1409-1415.

图/表 9

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处理 Treatment	碱解氮 Alkali- hydrolyzable nitrogen	有效磷 Available phosphorus	速效钾 Available potassium
种植前	73.25±2.04 a	38.63±1.00 a	204.74±6.79 a
Before planting
T0	66.53±1.54 bc	29.26±3.33 c	192.35±3.03 b
T1	59.64±1.37 d	31.23±0.72 bc	190.43±6.29 bc
T2	65.75±2.88 c	31.84±1.38 bc	187.25±4.82 cd
T3	69.34±1.02 b	30.27±1.41 bc	183.68±2.83 d
T4	60.22±1.99 d	31.56±1.90 bc	189.47±5.01 bc
T5	64.57±2.23 c	32.14±0.61 b	191.87±3.48 b

处理 Treatment	碱解氮 Alkali- hydrolyzable nitrogen	有效磷 Available phosphorus	速效钾 Available potassium
种植前	73.25±2.04 a	38.63±1.00 a	204.74±6.79 a
Before planting
T0	66.53±1.54 bc	29.26±3.33 c	192.35±3.03 b
T1	59.64±1.37 d	31.23±0.72 bc	190.43±6.29 bc
T2	65.75±2.88 c	31.84±1.38 bc	187.25±4.82 cd
T3	69.34±1.02 b	30.27±1.41 bc	183.68±2.83 d
T4	60.22±1.99 d	31.56±1.90 bc	189.47±5.01 bc
T5	64.57±2.23 c	32.14±0.61 b	191.87±3.48 b

处理 Treatment	株高 Height/ cm	假茎粗 Stem thickness/cm	叶面积 Leaf area/ cm²
T0	88.66±3.86 ab	1.45±0.07 ab	371.53±24.50 ab
T1	82.45±2.43 c	1.38±0.08 b	248.17±42.06 b
T2	89.43±0.74 ab	1.45±0.05 ab	393.47±65.60 a
T3	93.07±4.58 a	1.60±0.10 a	403.80±52.65 a
T4	89.10±0.62 b	1.47±0.13 ab	286.88±31.51 b
T5	85.87±2.45 bc	1.47±0.14 ab	249.78±27.34 b

处理 Treatment	株高 Height/ cm	假茎粗 Stem thickness/cm	叶面积 Leaf area/ cm²
T0	88.66±3.86 ab	1.45±0.07 ab	371.53±24.50 ab
T1	82.45±2.43 c	1.38±0.08 b	248.17±42.06 b
T2	89.43±0.74 ab	1.45±0.05 ab	393.47±65.60 a
T3	93.07±4.58 a	1.60±0.10 a	403.80±52.65 a
T4	89.10±0.62 b	1.47±0.13 ab	286.88±31.51 b
T5	85.87±2.45 bc	1.47±0.14 ab	249.78±27.34 b

处理 Treatment	抽薹率 Bolting rate/%	薹茎长 Stalk length/cm	单薹质量 Single garlic sprouts weight/g	鳞茎横径 Garlic diameter/cm	蒜头单头质量 Single garlic weight/g
T0	65.32±1.30 ab	46.77±1.49 ab	8.46±0.33 c	4.86±0.16 b	48.80±1.52 bc
T1	64.70±5.70 ab	46.30±1.34 bc	8.57±0.44 c	4.50±0.24 b	48.51±2.41 bc
T2	65.60±4.14 ab	47.20±0.79 b	9.03±0.30 b	5.03±0.10 ab	55.09±4.66 a
T3	70.57±1.19 a	48.95±0.58 a	9.56±0.16 a	5.31±0.39 a	59.63±2.08 a
T4	60.69±1.69 b	45.64±0.82 c	9.07±0.16 b	4.86±0.35 ab	49.12±1.49 b
T5	61.41±1.68 b	46.91±0.50 bc	8.51±0.27 c	4.75±0.26 ab	44.13±3.36 c

水肥一体化模式中化肥减施与不同基追肥比例对大蒜产量和品质的影响

Effects of reduced application of chemical fertilizers and ratio of base and topdressing fertilizers on yield and quality of garlic in integrated mode of water and fertilizer

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参考文献 17

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处理 Treatment	大蒜素含量 Allicin content	可溶性蛋白含量 Soluble protein content	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content
T0	1.01±0.17 ab	19.42±0.63 cd	25.90±1.67 bc
T1	1.07±0.99 a	18.90±0.23 d	23.68±3.83 bc
T2	1.00±0.09 ab	20.58±0.39 b	27.04±3.66 ab
T3	0.93±0.08 ab	21.17±0.31 a	29.98±2.84 a
T4	0.89±0.02 b	19.08±0.15 cd	22.46±0.14 c
T5	0.86±0.03 b	19.74±0.31 c	22.65±2.26 c

处理 Treatment	灌水量 Irrigation volume/(m³· 667 m^-2)	节水量 Water saving volume/ (m³·667 m^-2)	节水率 Water saving ratio/%
T0	77.51	—	—
T1	74.35	3.16	4
T2	37.27	40.24	52
T3	36.92	40.59	52
T4	37.65	39.86	51
T5	34.80	42.71	55

收获部位 Harvest tissue	处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/(kg· 667 m^-2)	增产率 Increased production rate/%	施肥量 Fertilizer amount/ (kg·667 m^-2)	灌水量 Irrigation volume/ (m³·667 m^-2)
蒜薹Garlic sprout	T0	121.73±5.14 bc	—	363.56	77.51
	T1	115.04±8.91 bc	-5.50	290.85	74.35
	T2	127.02±10.38 b	4.35	290.85	37.27
	T3	139.36±3.90 a	14.48	290.85	36.92
	T4	123.79±9.99 bc	1.69	290.85	37.65
	T5	112.14±5.11 c	-7.88	290.85	34.80
蒜头Garlic	T0	1738.54±33.48 cd	—	363.56	77.51
	T1	1696.70±30.06 d	-2.41	290.85	74.35
	T2	1795.79±37.43 c	3.29	290.85	37.27
	T3	1927.91±34.81 a	10.89	290.85	36.92
	T4	1867.25±26.92 b	7.40	290.85	37.65
	T5	1820.06±26.69 c	-4.69	290.85	34.80

处理 Treatment	水费 Water	农药 Pesticide	化肥 Fertilizer	人工 Labor	材料 Material	总计 Sum
T0	42.63	129.78	457.19	3 460	53	4 142.60
T1	40.89	129.78	365.75	3 550	58	4 144.42
T2	20.50	77.64	365.75	3 680	247	4 390.89
T3	20.31	70.29	365.75	3 720	251	4 427.35
T4	20.71	76.41	365.75	3 620	253	4 335.87
T5	19.14	72.85	365.75	3 670	260	4 387.74

处理 Treatment	蒜薹产量 Garlic sprouts yield/ (kg·667 m^-2)	蒜薹单价 Garlic sprouts price/Yuan	蒜头产量 Garlic yield/ (kg·667m^-2)	蒜头单价/元 Garlic price/Yuan	产出/元 Output/ Yuan	成本/元 Input/ Yuan	收益/元 Profit/ Yuan
T0	121.73	3.00	1 738.54	4.00	7 319.35	4 142.6	3 176.75
T1	115.04	3.00	1 696.70	4.00	7 131.92	4 144.42	2 987.50
T2	127.02	3.00	1 795.79	4.00	7 564.22	4 390.89	3 173.33
T3	139.36	3.00	1 927.91	4.00	8 129.72	4 427.35	3 702.37
T4	123.79	3.00	1 867.25	4.00	7 840.37	4 335.87	3 504.50
T5	112.14	3.00	1 820.06	4.00	7 616.66	4 387.74	3 228.92

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