减氮对甬优籼粳杂交稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.06.03

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 984-992.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.06.03

减氮对甬优籼粳杂交稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响

汪峰¹(), 谌江华¹, 陈若霞¹^,^*(), 史骏¹, 任少鹏¹, 金树权¹, 姚红燕¹, 朱德峰², 戴瑶璐¹

1.宁波市农业科学研究院生态环境研究所,浙江宁波 315040
2.中国水稻研究所,浙江杭州 310006

收稿日期:2020-12-25 出版日期:2021-06-25 发布日期:2021-06-25
通讯作者: 陈若霞
作者简介:*陈若霞,E-mail: crx900@163.com
汪峰(1982—),男,安徽潜山人,博士,副研究员,主要从事农业资源利用研究。E-mail: fwang82@163.com
基金资助:
宁波市“科技创新2025”重大专项(2019B10003);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200800)

Effects of reduced nitrogen application on yield and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of Yongyou indica-japonica hybrid rice

WANG Feng¹(), SHEN Jianghua¹, CHEN Ruoxia¹^,^*(), SHI Jun¹, REN Shaopeng¹, JIN Shuquan¹, YAO Hongyan¹, ZHU Defeng², DAI Yaolu¹

1. Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315040, China
2. China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China

Received:2020-12-25 Online:2021-06-25 Published:2021-06-25
Contact: CHEN Ruoxia

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

于2017—2019年在浙东单季稻区2种类型土壤(象山淡塘泥田和鄞州青紫泥田)上开展定位试验,以4个甬优籼粳杂交稻品种(甬优1540、甬优7850、甬优12、甬优538)和2个常规粳稻品种(宁84和秀水134)为材料,设置HN(农民习惯施氮量,杂交稻折纯N 240 kg·hm^-2、常规稻折纯N 200 kg·hm^-2)、MN(在HN基础上减氮17%)、LN(在HN基础上减氮34%)和N0(不施氮对照)4个处理,研究不同处理下水稻产量和氮肥利用率的差异。结果表明,水稻产量在2个试验点均随着施氮量的减少而下降,MN处理下象山和鄞州的甬优籼粳杂交稻平均产量分别达10.8 t·hm^-2和9.9 t·hm^-2,仅比HN处理减少1.2%和2.6%,且无显著性差异;与HN相比,MN和LN处理下水稻有效穗在2个试验点均有一定程度的下降,但结实率和千粒重在象山试验点增加。相关性分析表明,甬优籼粳杂交稻产量在象山试验点(中等肥力)与有效穗、每穗粒数和高峰苗呈显著(P<0.05)正相关,而在鄞州试验点(高肥力)与有效穗、结实率和成穗率呈显著(P<0.05)正相关。对于中等肥力土壤,不同氮肥处理对甬优籼粳杂交稻的氮肥农学利用率无显著影响,但氮肥农学利用率随着试验年限的增加快速提升,表明在当地试验条件下,如不采取其他技术措施,持续减少氮肥投入存在一定风险。在浙东沿海地区常规单季稻栽培条件下,甬优系列籼粳杂交稻上氮肥施用量减少17%可以保证产量,但氮肥减量应综合考虑耕地基础地力、品种特性和肥料利用率等因素的长期效应。

关键词: 甬优籼粳杂交稻, 产量, 氮素

Abstract:

A field experiment was carried out in two sites (Xiangshan and Yinzhou),which represented different soil type of single-season rice area in east Zhejiang from 2017 to 2019, with four Yongyou indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars (YY1540, YY7850, YY12 and YY538) and two conventional japonica rice cultivars (N84 and XS134) as materials. Four treatments were set with varying levels of N application rates: HN (N: 240 kg·hm^-2 for hybrid rice and 200 kg·hm^-2 for conventional rice); MN (N reduction of 17% compared with HN), LN (N reduction of 34% compared with HN), N0 (control without N). It was shown that the grain yield (GY) decreased with the reduction of nitrogen application rate in both sites. The yield of Yongyou hybrid rice under MN treatment in Xiangshan and Yinzhou was 10.8 t·hm^-2 and 9.9 t·hm^-2, respectively, which was only 1.2% and 2.6% lower than that under HN, with no significant difference. N reduction (MN and LN) decreased effective panicle (EP) in both sites, but increased seed setting rate (SSR) and 1 000-grain weight (GW) in Xiangshan. Correlation analysis showed that the GY of Yongyou indica-japonica hybrid rice was significantly (P<0.05) positively correlated with EP, number of spikelets per panicle (NSP) and maximum number of tillers and stems (MNTS) in Xiangshan, and was significantly (P<0.05) positively correlated with EP, SSR and panicle-bearing tiller rate (PBTR) in Yinzhou. N agronomic efficiency (NAE) of Yongyou indica-japonica hybrid rice was not significantly affected by N application rate, but increased rapidly with the trial age in Xiangshan, indicating that long-term reduction of N input without other technical assistance had a potential risk. For Yongyou indica-japonica hybrid rice under the conventional practice in the coastal region of east Zhejiang, nitrogen application rate could be reduced by 17% with no significant reduction of the grain yield. But, for the long-term run, comprehensive effects of soil fertility, rice varieties and fertilizer utilization should be well considered.

Key words: Yongyou indica-japonica hybrid rice, yield, nitrogen

中图分类号:

S143.1

汪峰, 谌江华, 陈若霞, 史骏, 任少鹏, 金树权, 姚红燕, 朱德峰, 戴瑶璐. 减氮对甬优籼粳杂交稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(6): 984-992.

WANG Feng, SHEN Jianghua, CHEN Ruoxia, SHI Jun, REN Shaopeng, JIN Shuquan, YAO Hongyan, ZHU Defeng, DAI Yaolu. Effects of reduced nitrogen application on yield and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of Yongyou indica-japonica hybrid rice[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(6): 984-992.

图/表 5

参考文献 21

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地点 Site	pH	EC/(μS· cm^-1)	OM/(g· kg^-1)	TN/(g· kg^-1)	AN/(mg· kg^-1)	AP/(mg· kg^-1)	AK/(mg· kg^-1)	CEC/(cmol· kg^-1)
象山Xiangshan	5.91^**	463^**	29.2	2.33	205	12.9	204	27.9^**
鄞州Yinzhou	5.67	141	50.4^**	4.24^**	357^**	92.2^**	228	22.0

地点 Site	pH	EC/(μS· cm^-1)	OM/(g· kg^-1)	TN/(g· kg^-1)	AN/(mg· kg^-1)	AP/(mg· kg^-1)	AK/(mg· kg^-1)	CEC/(cmol· kg^-1)
象山Xiangshan	5.91^**	463^**	29.2	2.33	205	12.9	204	27.9^**
鄞州Yinzhou	5.67	141	50.4^**	4.24^**	357^**	92.2^**	228	22.0

地点 Site	水稻类别 Rice category	处理 Treatment	实测产量 Grain yield/ (t·hm^-2)	有效穗 Effective panicle number/(10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Number of spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g
象山	甬优杂交稻	HN	11.0 a	189 a	317 a	87.2 b	21.9 c
Xiangshan	Yongyou	MN	10.8 a	184 ab	313 a	88.4 ab	22.3 b
	hybrid rice	LN	10.5 a	179 b	303 a	90.2 ab	22.4 b
		CK	9.1 b	157 c	285 b	91.9 a	22.9 a
	常规粳稻	HN	8.5 a	277 a	147 a	84.1 a	26.3 c
	Conventional	MN	8.4 a	266 ab	149 a	85.5 a	26.5 bc
	japonica rice	LN	8.0 a	255 b	146 a	85.5 a	26.8 b
		CK	6.9 b	227 c	132 b	89.4 a	27.6 a
鄞州	甬优杂交稻	HN	10.1 a	212 a	309 ab	74.6 b	22.6 a
Yinzhou	Yongyou	MN	9.9 a	205 a	306 ab	74.5 b	22.7 a
	hybrid rice	LN	9.4 b	196 b	301 b	75.5 b	22.5 a
		CK	8.7 c	159 c	313 a	80.4 a	22.7 a
	常规粳稻	HN	8.6 a	256 a	154 a	85.0 a	26.2 a
	Conventional	MN	8.3 a	246 a	150 a	86.5 a	26.6 a
	japonica rice	LN	7.6 ab	221 b	154 a	85.1 a	26.6 a
		CK	6.7 b	198 c	159 a	84.8 a	26.5 a

地点 Site	水稻类别 Rice category	处理 Treatment	实测产量 Grain yield/ (t·hm^-2)	有效穗 Effective panicle number/(10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Number of spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g
象山	甬优杂交稻	HN	11.0 a	189 a	317 a	87.2 b	21.9 c
Xiangshan	Yongyou	MN	10.8 a	184 ab	313 a	88.4 ab	22.3 b
	hybrid rice	LN	10.5 a	179 b	303 a	90.2 ab	22.4 b
		CK	9.1 b	157 c	285 b	91.9 a	22.9 a
	常规粳稻	HN	8.5 a	277 a	147 a	84.1 a	26.3 c
	Conventional	MN	8.4 a	266 ab	149 a	85.5 a	26.5 bc
	japonica rice	LN	8.0 a	255 b	146 a	85.5 a	26.8 b
		CK	6.9 b	227 c	132 b	89.4 a	27.6 a
鄞州	甬优杂交稻	HN	10.1 a	212 a	309 ab	74.6 b	22.6 a
Yinzhou	Yongyou	MN	9.9 a	205 a	306 ab	74.5 b	22.7 a
	hybrid rice	LN	9.4 b	196 b	301 b	75.5 b	22.5 a
		CK	8.7 c	159 c	313 a	80.4 a	22.7 a
	常规粳稻	HN	8.6 a	256 a	154 a	85.0 a	26.2 a
	Conventional	MN	8.3 a	246 a	150 a	86.5 a	26.6 a
	japonica rice	LN	7.6 ab	221 b	154 a	85.1 a	26.6 a
		CK	6.7 b	198 c	159 a	84.8 a	26.5 a

水稻类别 Rice category	指标 Index	GY	EP	NSP	SSR	GW	MNTS	PBTR
甬优杂交稻	GY	—	0.790^**	-0.087	0.674^**	-0.813^**	-0.612^**	0.812^**
Yongyou hybrid rice	EP	0.581^**	—	-0.466^*	0.492^*	-0.784^**	-0.221	0.510^*
	NSP	0.437^**	-0.160	—	-0.470^*	0.091	0.167	-0.160
	SSR	-0.069	-0.036	-0.735^**	—	-0.584^**	-0.875^**	0.813^**
	GW	-0.425^**	-0.490^**	-0.501^**	0.554^**	—	0.446^*	-0.671^**
	MNTS	0.353^*	0.479^**	0.379^**	-0.556^**	-0.580^**	—	-0.912^**
	PBTR	-0.160	-0.065	-0.470^**	0.521^**	0.377^**	-0.884^**	—
常规粳稻	GY	—	0.524^**	-0.400	0.287	0.013	0.185	0.245
Conventional	EP	0.138	—	-0.782^**	-0.380	0.052	0.561^**	0.393
japonica rice	NSP	-0.196	0.087	—	-0.080	0.199	-0.011	-0.191
	SSR	0.360^*	-0.767^**	-0.526^**	—	-0.519^**	-0.765^**	-0.219
	GW	0.289^*	-0.274	-0.099	0.323^*	—	0.398	0.242
	MNTS	-0.001	0.783^**	0.067	-0.611^**	-0.314^*	—	0.134
	PBTR	0.244	0.402^**	0.039	-0.292^*	0.048	-0.247	—

减氮对甬优籼粳杂交稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响

Effects of reduced nitrogen application on yield and nitrogen agronomic efficiency of Yongyou indica-japonica hybrid rice

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