不同类型向日葵籽粒的理化性质

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.04.02

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 671-677.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.04.02

不同类型向日葵籽粒的理化性质

李文略(), 骆霞虹, 柳婷婷, 金关荣, 葛亚英, 陈常理, 安霞()

浙江省农业科学院浙江省园林植物与花卉研究所,浙江杭州 311251

收稿日期:2020-12-17 出版日期:2022-04-25 发布日期:2022-04-28
通讯作者: 安霞
作者简介:*安霞,E-mail: anxia@zaas.ac.cn
李文略(1990—),男,湖北咸宁人,硕士,研究方向为特色经济作物栽培及利用。E-mail: kobe1924@163.com
基金资助:
浙江省农业科学院粮油学科建设经费;杭州市科技计划引导项目(20191231Y156)

Determination and comparative analysis of physicochemical properties of different sunflower seeds

LI Wenlue(), LUO Xiahong, LIU Tingting, JIN Guanrong, GE Yaying, CHEN Changli, AN Xia()

Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, China

Received:2020-12-17 Online:2022-04-25 Published:2022-04-28
Contact: AN Xia

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确不同类型向日葵籽粒理化性质与利用价值,以3种不同类型向日葵籽仁为研究对象,检测其粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸、微量元素、维生素E和植物甾醇含量,脂肪酸组成以及抗氧化活性。研究表明,观赏向日葵阿尔卑斯橙子红晕黑心和食用向日葵JZ055粗脂肪含量分别为44.55%和41.26%,低于油用向日葵陇葵杂6号(49.93%),粗蛋白质含量较后者分别高出39.50%和17.85%;3类向日葵籽仁中均能检测出17种氨基酸,且均以谷氨酸含量最高;不同向日葵籽仁脂肪酸组成和含量也比较接近,以亚油酸(72.77%~76.39%)和油酸(14.62%~17.55%)为主,阿尔卑斯橙子红晕黑心和JZ055亚油酸含量低于陇葵杂6号,油酸含量高于后者;微量元素钙、铁、镁、锌含量均以阿尔卑斯橙子红晕黑心最高,分别为1.39、143.72、6.27和96.18 mg·g^-1,显著高于其他两种类型;维生素E和β-谷甾醇含量以陇葵杂6号最高,分别为96.44和715.88 μg·g^-1,菜油甾醇含量以JZ055(5 205.20 μg·g^-1)最高,麦角甾醇以阿尔卑斯橙子红晕黑心(5.08 μg·g^-1)最高;在抗氧化活性指标方面,各类型向日葵无显著差异,总抗氧化能力(DPPH法)DPPH值在12.68~12.81。总体而言,不同类型向日葵籽仁组分基本相同,但相关含量各有差异。对比油用向日葵,食用向日葵和观赏向日葵种子同样具有较好油用价值。

关键词: 向日葵, 理化性质, 脂肪酸组成

Abstract:

To clarify the physicochemical properties and utilization value of different types of sunflower seeds, the contents of crude protein, crude fat, amino acids, beneficial heavy metal elements, vitamin E and phytosterol, fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of three different types of sunflower seeds were detected. The results revealed that the crude fat content of Ornamental Sunflower Alps Orange Red Picotee and edible sunflower JZ055 were 44.55% and 41.20%, respectively, which were lower than that of Oil Sunflower Longkuiza 6 (49.93%), but the crude protein content was 39.50% and 17.85% higher than the latter; 17 amino acids were detected in three kinds of sunflower seeds, glutamic acid content rank the first; The composition and content of fatty acids in their grains were similar, with linolenic acid (72.77%-76.39%) and oleic acid (14.62%-17.55%). The content of linolenic acid in Alps Orange Red Picotee and JZ055 was lower than that of Longkuiza 6, while the content of oleic acid was higher than that of Longkuiza 6; the contents of beneficial metals such as calcium, iron, magnesium and zinc in Alps Orange Red Picotee were the highest, which were 1.39, 143.72, 6.27 and 96.18 mg·g^-1, respectively which were significantly higher than those of the other two types;. The content of vitamin E and β-sitosterol in Longkuiza 6 ranked the first, which were 96.44 and 715.88 μg·g^-1, respectively. The content of rapeseed sterol was the highest in JZ055 (5 205.20 μg·g^-1), and ergosterol in Alps Orange Red Picotee (5.08 μg·g^-1) In terms of antioxidant activity, there was no significant difference among different types of sunflower, the DPPH value ranged from 12.68 to 12.81. In general, different types of sunflower seeds contain the same test components, but the contents are different. Compared with oil sunflower, edible sunflower and Ornamental Sunflower seeds share the same character of oil value.

Key words: sunflower, physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition

中图分类号:

S565.5

李文略, 骆霞虹, 柳婷婷, 金关荣, 葛亚英, 陈常理, 安霞. 不同类型向日葵籽粒的理化性质[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(4): 671-677.

LI Wenlue, LUO Xiahong, LIU Tingting, JIN Guanrong, GE Yaying, CHEN Changli, AN Xia. Determination and comparative analysis of physicochemical properties of different sunflower seeds[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(4): 671-677.

图/表 4

参考文献 20

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项目 Type	粗脂肪含量 Crude fat content	粗蛋白质量分数 Crude protein fraction
JZ055	41.26±0.05 b	19.93±0.31 b
阿尔卑斯橙子红晕黑心	44.55±1.54 b	23.59±0.67 a
Alps Orange Red Picotee
陇葵杂6号 Longkuiza 6	49.93±1.23 a	16.91±1.47 c

项目 Type	粗脂肪含量 Crude fat content	粗蛋白质量分数 Crude protein fraction
JZ055	41.26±0.05 b	19.93±0.31 b
阿尔卑斯橙子红晕黑心	44.55±1.54 b	23.59±0.67 a
Alps Orange Red Picotee
陇葵杂6号 Longkuiza 6	49.93±1.23 a	16.91±1.47 c

项目 Type	JZ055	阿尔卑斯橙子红晕黑心 Alps Orange Red Picotee	陇葵杂6号 Longkuiza 6
天冬氨酸Aspartic acid	7.60±0.22 a	7.86±0.04 a	6.46±0.22 b
谷氨酸 Glutamic acid	17.97±0.27 b	20.00±0.01 a	17.02±0.36 c
丝氨酸 Serine	6.26±0.12 a	5.99±0.01 a	4.99±0.16 b
甘氨酸 Glycine	9.51±0.09 a	9.49±0.01 a	7.91±0.14 b
组氨酸 Histidine	3.06±1.81 a	3.86±0.10 a	2.41±0.03 a
精氨酸 Arginine	9.37±0.07 b	10.52±0.24 a	7.82±0.13 c
苏氨酸 Threonine	4.88±0.14 a	4.32±0.07 b	3.65±0.14 c
丙氨酸 Alanine	4.99±0.06 a	4.65±0.01 ab	4.27±0.21 b
脯氨酸 Proline	11.74±0.03 b	12.10±0.04 a	8.67±0.12 c
酪氨酸 Tyrosine	4.00±0.05 a	4.06±0.03 a	3.13±0.04 b
缬氨酸 Valine	4.38±0.06 a	4.30±0.02 a	3.74±0.06 b
蛋氨酸 Methionine	2.58±0.21 a	2.52±0.03 a	2.35±0.04 a
胱氨酸 Cystine	4.45±0.01 a	3.91±0.01 c	4.33±0.04 b
异亮氨酸 Isoleucine	5.47±0.28 a	4.45±0.02 ab	3.85±0.09 b
亮氨酸 Aminocaproic acid	8.98±0.09 a	8.87±0.01 a	7.48±0.13 b
苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine	7.60±0.11 a	7.99±0.05 a	5.96±0.18 b
赖氨酸 lysine	2.15±0.04 a	1.79±0.01 b	2.30±0.09 a
总量 Total	114.47±0.02 a	116.66±0.34 a	96.33±2.16 b

项目 Type	JZ055	阿尔卑斯橙子红晕黑心 Alps Orange Red Picotee	陇葵杂6号 Longkuiza 6
天冬氨酸Aspartic acid	7.60±0.22 a	7.86±0.04 a	6.46±0.22 b
谷氨酸 Glutamic acid	17.97±0.27 b	20.00±0.01 a	17.02±0.36 c
丝氨酸 Serine	6.26±0.12 a	5.99±0.01 a	4.99±0.16 b
甘氨酸 Glycine	9.51±0.09 a	9.49±0.01 a	7.91±0.14 b
组氨酸 Histidine	3.06±1.81 a	3.86±0.10 a	2.41±0.03 a
精氨酸 Arginine	9.37±0.07 b	10.52±0.24 a	7.82±0.13 c
苏氨酸 Threonine	4.88±0.14 a	4.32±0.07 b	3.65±0.14 c
丙氨酸 Alanine	4.99±0.06 a	4.65±0.01 ab	4.27±0.21 b
脯氨酸 Proline	11.74±0.03 b	12.10±0.04 a	8.67±0.12 c
酪氨酸 Tyrosine	4.00±0.05 a	4.06±0.03 a	3.13±0.04 b
缬氨酸 Valine	4.38±0.06 a	4.30±0.02 a	3.74±0.06 b
蛋氨酸 Methionine	2.58±0.21 a	2.52±0.03 a	2.35±0.04 a
胱氨酸 Cystine	4.45±0.01 a	3.91±0.01 c	4.33±0.04 b
异亮氨酸 Isoleucine	5.47±0.28 a	4.45±0.02 ab	3.85±0.09 b
亮氨酸 Aminocaproic acid	8.98±0.09 a	8.87±0.01 a	7.48±0.13 b
苯丙氨酸 Phenylalanine	7.60±0.11 a	7.99±0.05 a	5.96±0.18 b
赖氨酸 lysine	2.15±0.04 a	1.79±0.01 b	2.30±0.09 a
总量 Total	114.47±0.02 a	116.66±0.34 a	96.33±2.16 b

项目 Type	棕榈酸 Palmitic acid content	硬脂酸 Stearic acid content	油酸 Oleic acid content	亚油酸 Linolenic acid content	花生酸 Arachidic acid content	亚麻酸 Linolenic acid content	山嵛酸 Behenic acid content
JZ055	3.46±0.01 a	4.56±0.08 a	17.55±0.33 a	72.77±0.37 b	0.31±0.01 a	0.13±0.01 a	0.84±0.01 a
阿尔卑斯橙子红晕黑心	2.98±0.03 c	4.70±0.19 a	17.31±0.03 a	73.55±0.17 b	0.25±0.04 a	0.13±0.01 a	0.75±0.03 b
Alps Orange Red Picotee
陇葵杂6号Longkuiza 6	3.21±0.01 b	4.29±0.22 a	14.62±0.08 b	76.39±0.17 a	0.27±0.01 a	0.14±0.01 a	0.80±0.01 ab

不同类型向日葵籽粒的理化性质

Determination and comparative analysis of physicochemical properties of different sunflower seeds

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项目 Type	JZ055	阿尔卑斯橙子红晕黑心 Alps Orange Red Picotee	陇葵杂6号 Longkuiza 6
钙 Ca/mg·g^-1	0.91±0.04 c	1.39±0.01 a	1.08±0.06 b
铁 Fe/mg·g^-1	108.96±2.56 b	143.72±2.19 a	99.48±1.76 c
镁 Mg/mg·g^-1	4.65±0.18 b	6.27±0.25 a	4.38±0.00 b
锌 Zn/mg·g^-1	62.27±1.97 b	96.18±3.72 a	66.95±0.72 b
维生素E Vitamin E/μg·g^-1	93.30±2.52 a	72.29±1.79 b	96.44±5.41 a
菜油甾醇含量 Campesterol content/μg·g^-1	5205.20±169.89 a	5163.61±15.05 a	4239.38±69.72 b
β-谷甾醇含量 β-sitosterol content/μg·g^-1	616.44±10.21 b	597.53±17.78 b	715.88±28.66 a
麦角甾醇含量 Ergosterol content/μg·g^-1	4.68±0.04 b	5.08±0.08 a	4.00±0.02 c

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