降尘对阿克苏地区主栽果树叶片光合特性及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.12.09

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 2659-2668.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.12.09

降尘对阿克苏地区主栽果树叶片光合特性及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

孙守霞(), 陈虹(), 吕威, 朴涵琪, 周光辉, 王贺松, 张述斌, 郝金莲

新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院/新疆教育厅干旱区林业生态与产业技术重点试验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2021-07-06 出版日期:2022-12-25 发布日期:2022-12-26
通讯作者: 陈虹
作者简介:*陈虹,E-mail:ch333999@126.com
孙守霞(1995—),女,甘肃靖远人,硕士研究生,研究方向为森林培育。E-mail:2641234920@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31960325);国家自然科学基金(31760219);新疆教育厅重大项目(XJEDU20171006);2018年自治区天山青年计划(2018Q020);2021年自治区天山英才计划(第三期);新疆农业大学博士后流动站资助项目

Effects of dustfall on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of major fruit trees in Aksu Region, China

SUN Shouxia(), CHEN Hong(), LYU Wei, PIAO Hanqi, ZHOU Guanghui, WANG Hesong, ZHANG Shubin, HAO Jinlian

Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Industrial Technology in Arid Areas of Xinjiang Education Department/Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2021-07-06 Online:2022-12-25 Published:2022-12-26
Contact: CHEN Hong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨长期叶面降尘对阿克苏地区主栽果树叶片光合性能的影响,于6—8月以苹果(Malus pumila)、核桃(Juglans regia)、枣(Ziziphus jujube)3种果树为试验材料,分别选择自然状态下接受降尘影响的样树5株为降尘处理,以每7 d用清水冲洗一次叶片的样树5株为对照处理,对比分析叶片滞尘量、光合参数、荧光参数和叶绿素含量的变化。结果表明:3种果树叶片滞尘能力为苹果>枣>核桃。3种果树降尘处理植株的叶片叶绿素含量(Chl)、净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r)均显著(P<0.05)低于对照植株,胞间CO₂ 浓度(C_i)则显著(P<0.05)高于对照植株,并且降尘处理时间越久,对果树叶片叶绿素含量及光合参数的影响越大。此外,3种果树降尘处理植株最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)显著低于对照植株,最小荧光(F_o)、非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)显著(P<0.05)高于对照植株。3种果树滞尘量与叶片P_n、Chl、F_v/F_m之间呈显著(P<0.05)负相关或极显著(P<0.01)负相关。研究结果表明:降尘处理下限制3种果树叶片净光合速率的主要因素是非气孔因素。降尘使果树叶片PSⅡ反应中心产生一定程度的伤害或可逆性失活,降低了果树叶片的原初光能转换效率,从而影响光合作用的正常进行。研究结果可为阿克苏地区主栽果树的栽培管理提供一定的科学理论依据。

关键词: 降尘, 苹果, 核桃, 枣, 光合参数, 叶绿素荧光参数, 叶绿素

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of long-term foliar dusts on photosynthetic performance of leaves in main fruit trees of Aksu area, Malus pumila, Juglans regia and Ziziphus jujube were used as experimental materials from June to August, five sample trees affected by dustfall in natural state were selected as dustfall treatment, and five sample trees whose leaves were washed with clear water every seven days were used as control treatments, respectively. The changes in dust absorption amount, photosynthetic parameters, fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll content in leaves were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the dust absorption ability of leaves in three fruit trees was as follows: Malus pumila>Ziziphus jujube>Juglans regia. The chlorophyll content (Chl), net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s) and transpiration rate (T_r) in three kinds of fruit trees treated with dustfall were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those in the control plants, while the intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that in the control plants. The longer the dust absorption time was, the greater the influence on Chl and photosynthetic parameters of fruit trees was. In addition, the maximal photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) in three kinds of fruit trees treated with dustfall were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those in the control plants, while the minimal initial fluorescence (F_o) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those in the control plants. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between dust absorption and P_n, Chl and F_v/F_m in leaves of three kinds of fruit trees at P<0.05 and P<0.01 level, respectively. The main factor limiting P_n in leaves of three kinds of fruit trees under dustfall treatment was non-stomatal factor. Dustfall caused some damage or reversible inactivation of PSⅡ reaction center in fruit tree leaves, which reduced the original light energy conversion efficiency of fruit tree leaves, thus affecting the normal photosynthesis. The research results can provide a scientific theoretical basis for the cultivation and management of main fruit trees in Aksu area.

Key words: dustfall, Malus pumila, Juglans regia, Ziziphus jujube, photosynthetic parameter, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, chlorophyll

中图分类号:

S66-33

孙守霞, 陈虹, 吕威, 朴涵琪, 周光辉, 王贺松, 张述斌, 郝金莲. 降尘对阿克苏地区主栽果树叶片光合特性及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(12): 2659-2668.

SUN Shouxia, CHEN Hong, LYU Wei, PIAO Hanqi, ZHOU Guanghui, WANG Hesong, ZHANG Shubin, HAO Jinlian. Effects of dustfall on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of major fruit trees in Aksu Region, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(12): 2659-2668.

图/表 7

表1 三种果树单位叶面积滞尘量

Table 1 Dustfall amount of three fruit trees leaves mg·cm-2

树种 Tree	单位叶面积滞尘量 Amount of dust retention
树种 Tree	6月June	7月July	8月August	平均值Mean
苹果 Malus pumila	7.24±0.10 a	9.51±0.12 a	9.59±0.31 a	8.78±0.77 a
核桃 Juglans regia	5.94±0.27 b	8.13±0.16 c	8.19±0.25 b	7.42±0.74 c
枣 Ziziphus jujube	6.19±0.01 b	8.71±0.12 b	9.12±0.22 ab	8.01±0.91 b

图1 降尘对3种果树叶片叶绿素含量的影响不同大写字母表示同一处理的不同树种间差异显著(P<0.05);不同小写字母表示同一时间段两种处理间差异显著(P<0.05);图中ck(A)为苹果对照处理、da(A)为苹果降尘处理、ck(W)为核桃对照处理、da(W)为核桃降尘处理、ck(J)为枣对照处理、da(J)为枣降尘处理。下同。

Fig.1 Effect of dustfall on chlorophyll content in leaves of three fruit trees Different capital letters indicated that different tree species under the same treatment had significant (P<0.05) differences. Different lowercase letters indicated significant (P<0.05) difference between the two treatments in the same period. In the figure, ck(A) was the control treatment of apple, da(A) was the dustfall treatment of apple, ck(W) was the control treatment of walnut, da(W) was the dustfall treatment of walnut, ck(J) was the control treatment of jujube, da(J) was the dustfall treatment of jujube. The same as below.

图2 降尘对3种果树叶片净光合速率及胞间CO2浓度的影响

Fig.2 Effects of dustfall on leaf Pn and Ci of three fruit trees

图3 降尘对3种果树叶片气孔导度及蒸腾速率的影响

Fig.3 Effects of dustfall on leaf Gs and Tr of three fruit trees

图4 降尘对三种果树叶片Fv/Fm及Fo的影响

Fig.4 Effects of dustfall on leaf Fv/Fm and Fo of three fruit trees

图5 降尘对三种果树叶片qP及NPQ的影响

Fig.5 Effects of dustfall on leaf qP and NPQ of three fruit trees

图6 三种果树6—8月滞尘量与光合参数及叶绿素荧光参数的相关性分析 *表示在0.05水平上显著相关;**表示在0.01水平上显著相关。

Fig.6 Correlation analysis of stagnation and photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of three fruit trees from June to August * indicated significant difference at 0.05 level,** indicated significant difference at 0.01 level.

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降尘对阿克苏地区主栽果树叶片光合特性及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

Effects of dustfall on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of major fruit trees in Aksu Region, China

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