›› 2001, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (02): 0-66.

• 论文 •    

环保型可重复利用的海棉无土栽培基质的应用研究

李国景;徐志豪;F.Benoit;N.Ceustermans   

  1. 浙江省农业科学院园艺研究所,;欧洲蔬菜研究与发展中心,B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver,Belgium
  • 收稿日期:1900-01-01 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2001-03-25 发布日期:2001-03-25

The application of polyurethane ether foam (PUR) to soilless culture as an reusable and environmental sound substrate

  • Received:1900-01-01 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2001-03-25 Published:2001-03-25

摘要: 用后处理和高成本是基质栽培的两大主要问题。岩棉已被公认为适用基质,但其主要问题是使用寿命短(最多2~3年)和每年产生大量的不可降解的废物。环境学家和政府部门调查研究显示,急需应用环保型可重复利用的无土栽培基质。 本试验对新岩棉,椰子壳和已使用5年的海棉基质作了比较研究。旨在了解不同基质对温室番茄根际环境、生长、发育和产量的影响,为海棉是否可作为番茄无土栽培适用基质和提出有效的栽培管理措施提供理论依据。 研究表明,海棉基质根际环境中EC和pH值比岩棉基质更稳定。每株采果数,平均单果重,果实总重和果实质量,海棉基质和岩棉基质无明显差异,但低于椰子壳基质。相对于传统的岩棉基质,已使用多年的海棉基质对番茄产量和质量无不良影响。海棉可作为温室番茄经济环保型基质。

关键词: 海棉, 岩棉, 椰子壳, 经济环保型基质, 番茄

Abstract:

The two main problems of substrate culture are the handling of waste caused by substrate mats and the high yearly cost.Rockwool has been proven worldwide to be an excellent growing medium,but it involved some problems,i. e. a relatively short useful life(2 - 3 years max.)and difficulties in disposal of a large amount of waste per year(60 - 80 m3 / hm2). Recent investigations by environmentalists and governments have led to the
demands for environmentally sound and reusable substrates.
A five-year old PUR was compared with new rockwool and cocovita slabs in cultivation of tomato plants in this trial. The aim of this experiment is to determine the effect of different substrates on the root rhizosphere environment,growth,development and yield of glasshouse tomato,also to determine whether PUR is a satisfactory substrate for hydroponics tomato cultivation and to provide recommendations on management to maximise crop
productivity. In terms of EC,pH,it is clear that PUR provides a more stable rhizosphere condition than rockwool and cocovita. Productivity in terms of fruit number,average weight,total weight and fruit quality from plants grown on PUR 94 was as good as rockwool,though less satisfactory than those from cocovita. Over the period of the trial there was no less yield or worse fruit quality attributed to the reuse of PUR,compared to traditional rockwool
substrate. It might be concluded that PUR could be an environmentally and economically sound substrate for
glasshouse tomato plant.

Key words: polyurethane ether foam(PUR), rockwool, cocovita, environmentally and economically sound substrate, tomato