树番茄幼苗生长与氮磷钾化学计量特征对光照、肥料的响应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221220

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 1793-1804.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221220

树番茄幼苗生长与氮磷钾化学计量特征对光照、肥料的响应

孙丽娟(), 李世民, 郭焕仙, 金友帆, 李树萍, 董琼^*()

西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明 650224

收稿日期:2022-08-22 出版日期:2023-08-25 发布日期:2023-08-29
作者简介:孙丽娟(1996—),女,云南楚雄人,硕士研究生,研究方向为森林培育。E-mail: 1847147670@qq.com
通讯作者: *董琼,E-mail: dqyeam@swfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
西南林业大学基金(2020YY013);云南省“三区”科技人才支持计划(20200402)

Growth and N, P, K stoichiometric characteristics of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings in response to light and fertilizer

SUN Lijuan(), LI Shimin, GUO Huanxian, JIN Youfan, LI Shuping, DONG Qiong^*()

College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China

Received:2022-08-22 Online:2023-08-25 Published:2023-08-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究树番茄幼苗的生长特性和N、P、K分配格局对光照和肥料的响应特征,揭示树番茄苗木生长规律、生理特性与光照和肥料的协调机制,以树番茄幼苗为研究对象,设置3个施肥量:无肥(F0)、中肥(F1,20 g·株^-1)、高肥(F2,40 g·株^-1),设4个遮阴水平:无遮阴(L0,100% NR,NR为自然光照)、轻度遮阴(L1,75.0% NR)、中度遮阴(L2,52.8% NR)、重度遮阴(L3,30.0% NR),共12个处理组合。结果表明:树番茄幼苗通过增加对地上生物量的投资和减少对地下部分(根系)的投资来适应低光环境,52.8% NR条件下每株增施20 g复合肥,树番茄幼苗生长指标、生物量达到最大值;各器官的N、P、K含量及其化学计量比在不同处理组合中具有各自的变化规律,N、P、K含量均在叶中达到最大值,各器官N、P、K含量及其比值都存在显著相关关系;随着施肥和遮阴程度的改变,各器官养分分配存在权衡现象,全光照下,添加中肥有利于N、K向茎中分配,P向粗根中分配;遮阴后有利于N向叶分配,P和K向茎中分配;中度遮阴下每株增施20 g复合肥可以促进各器官N、P、K含量的分配;重度遮阴下每株增施40 g复合肥,养分含量明显降低。综上,树番茄的功能性状在不同光照和施肥处理下发生一系列适应性变化,光照、施肥均对树番茄幼苗的生长和氮磷钾化学计量特征产生显著(P<0.05)影响,中度遮阴和施肥处理能有效提高树番茄幼苗生长,以及养分的吸收和利用效率,促进各器官N、P、K含量的积累,促进幼苗的生长发育。

关键词: 树番茄, 光照, 施肥, 生物量, 氮磷钾, 化学计量

Abstract:

To investigate the growth characteristics and N, P, K allocation patterns of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings in response to light and fertilizer, and to reveal the coordination mechanism between the growth regulation, physiological characteristics, and light and fertilizer of C. betacea seedlings, experiments were carried out using 3 fertilizer levels: no fertilizer (F0), moderate fertilizer (F1, 20 g per plant) and high fertilizer (F2, 40 g per plant), and 4 shading levels: no shading [L0, 100% natural light (NR)], light shading (L1, 75.0% NR), moderate shading (L2, 52.8% NR), and heavy shading (L3, 30.0% NR), with a total of 12 treatment combinations. Results showed that C. betacea seedlings adapted to low light environment by increasing investment in aboveground biomass and reducing investment in underground parts (roots). At 52.8% NR, adding 20 g compound fertilizer per plant resulted in the maximum growth index and biomass of C. betacea seedlings. N, P, K contents and their chemical stoichiometry ratios in different organs had their own changing patterns in different treatment combinations, with N, P, and K contents reaching the maximum in the leaves. There were significant correlations between N, P, K contents and their ratios in various organs. With changes in fertilizer and shading levels, there were balancing phenomena in nutrient allocation to various organs. Under full sunlight, moderate fertilizer benefited the allocation of N and K to the stem and P to the coarse root. After shading, N was distributed to the leaves, while P and K were allocated to the stem. Moderate shading and the addition of 20 g compound fertilizer per plant could promote the distribution of N, P, and K contents in various organs. Under heavy shading and after adding 40 g compound fertilizer per plant, nutrient contents significantly decreased. Overall, the functional traits of C. betacea showed a series of adaptive changes under different light and fertilizer treatments. Light and fertilizer had a significant (P<0.05) impact on the growth and chemical stoichiometry features of C. betacea seedlings. Moderate shading and fertilization treatments could effectively improve the growth, nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency, and the accumulation of N, P, and K contents in various organs of C. betacea seedlings, promoting their growth and development.

Key words: Cyphomandra betacea, light, fertilization, biomass, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, stoichiometry

中图分类号:

S686

孙丽娟, 李世民, 郭焕仙, 金友帆, 李树萍, 董琼. 树番茄幼苗生长与氮磷钾化学计量特征对光照、肥料的响应[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(8): 1793-1804.

SUN Lijuan, LI Shimin, GUO Huanxian, JIN Youfan, LI Shuping, DONG Qiong. Growth and N, P, K stoichiometric characteristics of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings in response to light and fertilizer[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(8): 1793-1804.

图/表 7

图1 光照和施肥对树番茄幼苗生长的影响 L0,无遮阴,100% NR;L1,轻度遮阴,75.0% NR;L2,中度遮阴,52.8% NR;L3,重度遮阴,30.0% NR。F0,无肥;F1,中肥,20 g·株-1;F2,高肥,40 g·株-1。大写字母表示同一光照强度下,不同施肥浓度处理间的显著差异(P<0.05);小写字母表示同一施肥浓度条件下,不同光照强度处理间的显著差异(P<0.05)。下同。

Fig.1 Effects of light and fertilization on growth of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings L0, No shading, 100% NR; L1, Light shading, 75.0% NR; L2, Moderate shading, 52.8% NR; L3, Heavy shading, 30.0% NR. F0, No fertilizer; F1, Moderate fertilizer, 20g per plant; F2, High fertilizer, 40g per plant. Capital letters indicated significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments at different fertilization concentrations at the same light intensity; Lowercase letters indicated significant differences between treatments with different light intensities at the same fertilization concentration (P<0.05). The same as below.

表1 光照与施肥对树番茄生长影响的双因素方差分析(F值)

Table 1 Two-way ANOVA of light and fertilization on Cyphomandra betacea growth(F value)

因素 Factor	自由度 Degree of freedom	F值F value
因素 Factor	自由度 Degree of freedom	苗高 Seedling height	地径 Ground diameter
光照Light	3	25.841^**	21.577^**
施肥Fertilization	2	592.531^**	761.479^**
光照×施肥	6	8.749^**	9.744^**
Light×Fertilization

图2 光照和施肥对树番茄幼苗生物量的影响

Fig.2 Effects of light and fertilization on the biomass of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings

图3 光照和施肥对树番茄幼苗各器官N、P、K含量的影响

Fig.3 Effects of light and fertilization on N, P, and K contents of various organs in Cyphomandra betacea seedlings

图4 光照和施肥对树番茄幼苗各器官化学计量比的影响

Fig.4 Effects of light and fertilization on the stoichiometry of each organ in Cyphomandra betacea seedlings

图5 光照和施肥对树番茄幼苗各器官N、P、K分配的影响

Fig.5 Effects of light and fertilization on N, P, and K allocations among various organs of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings

表2 树番茄各器官N、P、K含量及化学计量比相关系数

Table 2 N, P, K contents and stoichiometric correlation coefficients in all organs of Cyphomandra betacea

器官Organ	元素Element	N	P	K	N∶P	N∶K
叶Leaf	P	0.351^*
	K	0.733^**	-0.142
	N∶P	0.634^**	-0.415^**	0.723^**
	N∶K	0.823^**	0.655^**	0.227	0.286^*
	K∶P	0.099	-0.732^**	0.495^**	0.802^**	-0.276
茎Stem	P	0.390^**
	K	-0.194	-0.234
	N∶P	0.550^**	-0.466^**	0.077
	N∶K	0.914^**	0.445^**	-0.539^**	0.393^**
	K∶P	-0.294^*	-0.804^**	0.588^**	0.523^**	-0.482^**
粗根Coarse root	P	0.061
	K	0.504^**	0.140
	N∶P	0.104	-0.610^**	-0.039
	N∶K	-0.176	-0.189	-0.565^**	0.659^**
	K∶P	0.376^**	-0.423^**	0.814^**	0.308^*	-0.418^**
细根Fine root	P	-0.012
	K	0.394^**	0.138
	N∶P	0.081	-0.583^**	-0.018
	N∶K	-0.280	-0.314^*	-0.436^**	0.734^**
	K∶P	0.356^*	-0.622^**	0.556^**	0.423^**	-0.199

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树番茄幼苗生长与氮磷钾化学计量特征对光照、肥料的响应

Growth and N, P, K stoichiometric characteristics of Cyphomandra betacea seedlings in response to light and fertilizer

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