不同农业废弃物肥料化配方对露地甘蓝生长、产量及品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221098

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 1782-1792.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221098

不同农业废弃物肥料化配方对露地甘蓝生长、产量及品质的影响

张博¹(), 刘泽慈¹^,^*(), 汪洁¹, 李兆壮¹, 李录山¹, 胡琳莉¹, 郁继华¹^,²^,^*()

1.甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州 730070
2.甘肃省干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2022-07-25 出版日期:2023-08-25 发布日期:2023-08-29
作者简介:张博(1995—),男,甘肃定西人,硕士,主要从事蔬菜栽培与生理生态研究。E-mail:2395864925@qq.com
通讯作者: *郁继华,E-mail:yujihuagg@163.com;刘泽慈,E-mail: liuzc@gsau.edu.cn
基金资助:
甘肃省教育厅“双一流”科研重点项目(GSSYLXM-02);甘肃省拔尖领军人才培养计划(GSBJLJ-2021-14);现代丝路寒旱农业科技支撑项目(GSLK-2021-6)

Effects of different fertilizer formulations of agricultural wastes on growth, yield and quality of cabbage

ZHANG Bo¹(), LIU Zeci¹^,^*(), WANG Jie¹, LI Zhaozhuang¹, LI Lushan¹, HU Linli¹, YU Jihua¹^,²^,^*()

1. College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
2. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2022-07-25 Online:2023-08-25 Published:2023-08-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨不同农业废弃物肥料化配方对露地甘蓝生长、产量及品质的影响,将羊粪、甘蓝尾菜(以下简称尾菜)、牛粪、平菇菇渣(以下简称菇渣)、玉米秸秆(以下简称秸秆)按不同质量比配置9种不同有机肥配方:T1(羊粪∶尾菜的体积比为5.5∶4.5)、T2(羊粪∶尾菜∶牛粪的体积比为6∶3∶1)、T3(羊粪∶尾菜∶菇渣的体积比为6∶3∶1)、T4(羊粪∶尾菜∶秸秆的体积比为6∶3∶1)、T5(羊粪∶尾菜∶牛粪∶菇渣的体积比为6∶2∶1∶1)、T6(羊粪∶尾菜∶牛粪∶秸秆的体积比为6∶2∶1∶1)、T7(羊粪∶甘蓝尾菜∶菇渣∶秸秆的体积比为6∶2∶1∶1)、T8(羊粪∶尾菜∶牛粪∶菇渣∶秸秆的体积比为5∶2∶1∶1∶1),以CK1(不施有机肥)、当地商品有机肥配方CK2(羊粪∶甘蓝尾菜的体积比为6.5∶3.5)为对照,探究了不同配方有机肥栽培条件下露地甘蓝生长、产量和品质的差异,旨在为农业废弃物肥料化利用提供依据。试验结果表明,T6(羊粪∶牛粪∶尾菜∶秸秆=6∶1∶2∶1)配方有机肥处理下的露地甘蓝株幅在结球期和采收期均高于其他处理,株高在结球期高于其他处理,最大叶面积在结球期和采收期均高于其他处理;T6处理下甘蓝莲座期根系活力显著高于其他生长时期;T6处理下甘蓝生物产量与干物质积累与商品有机肥CK2处理比较,分别增加7.18%和55.99%;同时T6处理下甘蓝可溶性糖、维生素C含量均高于其他配方有机肥处理;硝酸盐含量低于其他配方有机肥处理。各处理矿质元素含量较CK1有不同程度的提高。对17项指标进行隶属函数分析,综合评价以T6处理配方有机肥效果最佳,其次为T4>T3>T8>T7>T1>CK2>T2>T5>CK1。

关键词: 甘蓝, 农业废弃物肥料化, 产量, 品质, 综合分析

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of different fertilizer formulations of agricultural waste on the growth, yield and quality of cabbage, nine different organic fertilizer formulations of sheep manure, vegetable residue, cow manure, mushroom residue and corn straw were prepared according to different mass ratios. T1 (sheep manure∶cabbage vegetable residue with volume ratio of 5.5∶4.5), T2 (sheep manure∶vegetable residue∶cow manure with volume ratio of 6∶3∶1), T3 (sheep manure∶cabbage vegetable residue∶mushroom residue with volume ratio of 6∶3∶1), T4 (sheep manure∶cabbage vegetable residue∶cow manure∶mushroom residue with volume ratio of 6∶3∶1), T5 (sheep manure∶ cabbage vegetable residue∶cow manure: mushroom residue with volume ratio of 6∶2∶1∶1), T6 (sheep manure∶cabbage vegetable residue∶cow manure∶corn straw with volume ratio of 6∶2∶1∶1), T7 (sheep manure∶cabbage vegetable residue∶mushroom residue∶corn straw with volume ratio of 6∶2∶2∶1), T8 (sheep manure∶cabbage vegetable residue∶cow manure∶mushroom residue∶corn straw with volume ratio of 5∶2∶1∶1∶1). CK1 (no application of organic fertilizer) and local commodity organic fertilizer formula CK2 (sheep manure∶cabbage vegetable residue=6.5∶3.5) were served as the control groups. In order to provide basis for fertilizer utilization of agricultural waste, the differences of growth, yield and quality of cabbage under different organic fertilizer cultivation conditions were investigated. The results showed that in T6 treatment, the projection area of open field cabbage was higher than that of other treatments at the pelleting stage and harvesting stage, the plant height at the pelleting stage was higher than that of other treatments, and the maximum leaf area at the pelleting stage and harvesting stage was higher than that of other treatments. The root activity at cabbage rosette stage in T6 treatment was significantly higher than other growth stages. Compared with CK2 treatment, the biomass yield and dry matter accumulation in T6 treatment increased by 7.18% and 55.99%, respectively. The contents of soluble sugar and vitamin C in T6 treatment were higher than those in other organic fertilizer treatments. The nitrate content was lower than that of other organic fertilizer treatments. Compared with CK1, the content of mineral elements in each treatment increased to different degrees. The membership function analysis of 17 indexes showed that T6 was the best treatment, followed by T4>T3>T8>T7>T1>CK2>T2>T5>CK1.

Key words: cabbage, fertilizer of agricultural waste, production, quality, comprehensive analysis

中图分类号:

S635

张博, 刘泽慈, 汪洁, 李兆壮, 李录山, 胡琳莉, 郁继华. 不同农业废弃物肥料化配方对露地甘蓝生长、产量及品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(8): 1782-1792.

ZHANG Bo, LIU Zeci, WANG Jie, LI Zhaozhuang, LI Lushan, HU Linli, YU Jihua. Effects of different fertilizer formulations of agricultural wastes on growth, yield and quality of cabbage[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(8): 1782-1792.

图/表 10

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原料 Raw material	全氮含量 Total N content/ (g·kg^-1)	全磷含量 Total P content/ (g·kg^-1)	全钾含量 Total K content/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量 Alkali-hydrolyzable N content/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷含量 Available P content/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available K content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有机质含量 Organic matter content/ (g·kg^-1)
平菇菇渣Mushroom residue	9.10	6.65	11.40	630.58	284.33	9 253.33	470.31
牛粪Cow manure	9.00	5.71	13.30	686.58	383.29	6 786.67	510.76
羊粪Sheep manure	8.99	6.61	11.80	658.58	304.87	9 320.00	945.67
玉米秸秆Corn straw	10.04	7.79	15.09	546.58	385.61	8 246.67	998.77
甘蓝尾菜 Cabbage vegetable residue	11.09	5.41	139.60	971.25	391.25	13 886.67	614.43

原料 Raw material	全氮含量 Total N content/ (g·kg^-1)	全磷含量 Total P content/ (g·kg^-1)	全钾含量 Total K content/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量 Alkali-hydrolyzable N content/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷含量 Available P content/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available K content/ (mg·kg^-1)	有机质含量 Organic matter content/ (g·kg^-1)
平菇菇渣Mushroom residue	9.10	6.65	11.40	630.58	284.33	9 253.33	470.31
牛粪Cow manure	9.00	5.71	13.30	686.58	383.29	6 786.67	510.76
羊粪Sheep manure	8.99	6.61	11.80	658.58	304.87	9 320.00	945.67
玉米秸秆Corn straw	10.04	7.79	15.09	546.58	385.61	8 246.67	998.77
甘蓝尾菜 Cabbage vegetable residue	11.09	5.41	139.60	971.25	391.25	13 886.67	614.43

处理 Treatments	生物产量 The biological yield/(kg·667m^-2)	经济产量 The economic yield/(kg·667m^-2)	经济系数 Harvest index	产量增幅 Output growth/%
CK1	3 633.03±351.10 b	2 523.88±285.34 b	0.69±0.01 cd	—
CK2	6 099.17±236.11 a	4 501.77±271.38 a	0.74±0.01 ab	0.00
T1	5 675.91±725.68 a	4 165.29±504.39 a	0.73±0.01 ab	-6.93
T2	5 225.50±753.23 a	3 807.55±546.95 a	0.73±0.01 abc	-14.32
T3	5 566.46±487.63 a	4 072.01±346.04 a	0.73±0.01 ab	-8.73
T4	6 427.38±345.93 a	4 649.35±272.89 a	0.72±0.01 abc	5.38
T5	5 590.96±221.02 a	3 813.67±74.84 a	0.68±0.03 d	-8.33
T6	6 537.18±393.84 a	4 750.88±284.33 a	0.73±0.01 abc	7.18
T7	5 203.39±634.88 a	3 703.85±514.95 a	0.71±0.01 bcd	-14.69
T8	6 032.56±533.60 a	4 522.70±410.66 a	0.75±0.01 a	-1.09

处理 Treatments	生物产量 The biological yield/(kg·667m^-2)	经济产量 The economic yield/(kg·667m^-2)	经济系数 Harvest index	产量增幅 Output growth/%
CK1	3 633.03±351.10 b	2 523.88±285.34 b	0.69±0.01 cd	—
CK2	6 099.17±236.11 a	4 501.77±271.38 a	0.74±0.01 ab	0.00
T1	5 675.91±725.68 a	4 165.29±504.39 a	0.73±0.01 ab	-6.93
T2	5 225.50±753.23 a	3 807.55±546.95 a	0.73±0.01 abc	-14.32
T3	5 566.46±487.63 a	4 072.01±346.04 a	0.73±0.01 ab	-8.73
T4	6 427.38±345.93 a	4 649.35±272.89 a	0.72±0.01 abc	5.38
T5	5 590.96±221.02 a	3 813.67±74.84 a	0.68±0.03 d	-8.33
T6	6 537.18±393.84 a	4 750.88±284.33 a	0.73±0.01 abc	7.18
T7	5 203.39±634.88 a	3 703.85±514.95 a	0.71±0.01 bcd	-14.69
T8	6 032.56±533.60 a	4 522.70±410.66 a	0.75±0.01 a	-1.09

处理 Treatments	Ca含量 Ca content/ (g·kg^-1)	Mg含量 Mg content/ (g·kg^-1)	Cu含量 Cu content/ (mg·kg^-1)	Fe含量 Fe content/ (mg·kg^-1)	Mn含量 Mn content/ (mg·kg^-1)	Zn含量 Zn content/ (mg·kg^-1)
T1	10.47±0.08 ab	2.20±0.04 d	0.15±0.02 cd	4.15±0.29 abc	0.43±0.01 abc	0.54±0.01 a
T2	9.91±0.25 b	2.78±0.06 b	0.14±0.01 de	4.84±0.05 a	0.39±0.03 cde	0.53±0.01 a
T3	10.02±0.48 b	2.98±0.05 a	0.17±0.01 cd	3.92±0.20 bcd	0.48±0.02 ab	0.51±0.01 ab
T4	8.90±0.12 c	2.28±0.07 cd	0.19±0.01 abc	3.26±0.04 d	0.37±0.03 cde	0.47±0.01 b
T5	10.22±0.54 b	2.72±0.05 b	0.13±0.01 de	1.76±0.06 e	0.35±0.03 de	0.47±0.01 b
T6	11.28±0.25 a	2.44±0.07 c	0.21±0.02 ab	4.51±0.24 ab	0.49±0.01 a	0.54±0.02 a
T7	10.41±0.11 ab	2.71±0.10 b	0.18±0.01 bc	3.57±0.08 cd	0.48±0.01 ab	0.42±0.02 c
T8	10.22±0.20 b	2.35±0.05 cd	0.23±0.01 a	3.60±0.40 cd	0.41±0.03 bcd	0.43±0.01 c
CK1	8.35±0.28 c	1.76±0.03 e	0.11±0.01 e	1.60±0.21 e	0.39±0.01 cde	0.40±0.02 c
CK2	9.87±0.31 b	2.17±0.09 d	0.16±0.01 cd	3.76±0.38 cd	0.32±0.03 e	0.41±0.01 c

不同农业废弃物肥料化配方对露地甘蓝生长、产量及品质的影响

Effects of different fertilizer formulations of agricultural wastes on growth, yield and quality of cabbage

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指标Index	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6	T7	T8	CK1	CK2
投影Projection	0.38	0.26	0.05	0.62	0.40	1.00	0.78	0.78	0	0.75
最大叶面积Maximum leaf area	0.56	0	0.16	0.60	0.38	1.00	0.32	0.32	0.13	0.66
株高Plant height	0.92	0.21	0.49	0.74	0.79	0.92	1.00	1.00	0	0.65
根系活力Root vitality	0.30	0.19	1.00	0.56	0.43	0.35	0.20	0.09	0.03	0
生物产量Economic yield	0.70	0.55	0.67	0.96	0.67	1.00	0.54	0.83	0	0.85
经济产量Biological yield	0.74	0.58	0.70	0.95	0.58	1.00	0.53	0.90	0	0.89
干物质积累量Dry matter accumulation	0.10	0.35	0.45	0.75	0.47	1.00	0.39	0.41	0	0.59
可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar content	0.97	0.57	0.20	0.48	0.43	1.00	0.11	0.64	0	0.11
可溶性蛋白含量Soluble protein content	0.37	0.87	0.88	1.00	0.22	0	0.86	0.04	0.42	0.90
维生素C含量V_C content	0.04	0.30	0.35	0.87	0.61	1.00	0.82	0.71	0	0.36
硝酸盐含量Nitrate content	0.32	0.79	0.54	0	0.56	1.00	0.68	0.69	0.29	0.91
钙含量Ca content	0.72	0.53	0.57	0.19	0.64	1.00	0.70	0.64	0	0.52
镁含量Mg content	0.36	0.84	1.00	0.42	0.79	0.56	0.78	0.48	0	0.34
铜含量Cu content	0.43	0.30	0.60	0.81	0.24	1.00	0.72	1.13	0	0.46
铁含量Fe content	0.73	0.94	0.63	0.21	0.42	1.00	0.40	0.42	0	0.53
锰含量Mn content	0.71	0.52	0.94	0.41	0.31	1.00	0.93	0.62	0	0.33
锌含量Zn content	1.00	0.91	0.79	0.50	0.50	0.96	0.10	0.16	0	0.07
平均隶属度Average membership	0.55	0.51	0.59	0.59	0.50	0.87	0.58	0.58	0.05	0.52
位次Rank	6	8	3	2	9	1	5	4	10	7

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