苦荞麦“品、质、效、用”的多维评价及其活性成分高值化利用的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230387

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (8): 1960-1974.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230387

苦荞麦“品、质、效、用”的多维评价及其活性成分高值化利用的研究进展

王迪¹(), 杨汉梅², 李阳倩³, 贾梦婷¹, 邹亮⁴^,^*(), 杨帆⁵^,^*()

1.成都中医药大学药学院,西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室,四川成都 611137
2.四川大学生物治疗国家重点实验室,四川成都 610041
3.成都中医药大学资产与实验室管理处,四川成都 610106
4.成都大学农业农村部杂粮加工重点实验室,四川成都 610106
5.成都中医药大学教务处,四川成都 611137

收稿日期:2023-03-27 出版日期:2023-08-25 发布日期:2023-08-29
作者简介:王迪(1992—),男,黑龙江哈尔滨人,硕士,实验师,研究方向为中药新型给药系统与功能性食品研究与开发。E-mail: diwang1992@126.com
通讯作者: *邹亮,E-mail: zouliangcdu@126.com;杨帆,E-mail: 961934142@qq.com
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金(CGA220304);四川省科技创新苗子工程资助项目(MZGC20230055);农业农村部杂粮加工重点实验室开放基金(2021CC003);成都中医药大学“杏林学者”学科人才科研提升计划苗圃人才专项(MPRC2022017)

Multidimensional evaluation of “variety, quality, efficiency and application” of Tartary buckwheat and research progress of high-value utilization of active ingredients

WANG Di¹(), YANG Hanmei², LI Yangqian³, JIA Mengting¹, ZOU Liang⁴^,^*(), YANG Fan⁵^,^*()

1. State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
3. Asset and Laboratory Management Department, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610106, China
4. Key Laboratory of Grain Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
5. Teaching Affairs Office, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China

Received:2023-03-27 Online:2023-08-25 Published:2023-08-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

苦荞麦被誉为“五谷之王”,是中国药食同源文化的典型体现,其富含氨基酸、维生素、生物类黄酮等多种功效成分,具有极高的营养价值和药用价值。文章重点对苦荞麦的品种、品质、药效、应用进行系统阐述与评价,同时对近年来苦荞活性成分高值化利用的研究方法与策略进行全面综述。旨在为苦荞产业、食品保健和医药研发等领域提供有价值的参考。

关键词: 苦荞, 药食同源, 品种, 品质, 药效, 应用, 活性成分, 高值化

Abstract:

Tartary buckwheat, known as the “king of five grains”, is a typical embodiment of the homologous culture of Chinese medicine and food. It is rich in amino acids, vitamins, biological flavonoids and other functional components, and has extremely high nutritional and medicinal value. In this paper, the varieties, quality, efficacy and application of Tartary buckwheat were systematically described and evaluated. Meanwhile, the research methods and strategies of high-value utilization of active ingredients in Tartary buckwheat in recent years were comprehensively reviewed. The aim is to provide valuable reference for Tartary buckwheat industry, food health care and medicine research and development.

Key words: Tartary buckwheat, medicine and food homology, variety, quality, efficacy, application, active ingredient, high value normalization

中图分类号:

S517

王迪, 杨汉梅, 李阳倩, 贾梦婷, 邹亮, 杨帆. 苦荞麦“品、质、效、用”的多维评价及其活性成分高值化利用的研究进展[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(8): 1960-1974.

WANG Di, YANG Hanmei, LI Yangqian, JIA Mengting, ZOU Liang, YANG Fan. Multidimensional evaluation of “variety, quality, efficiency and application” of Tartary buckwheat and research progress of high-value utilization of active ingredients[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(8): 1960-1974.

图/表 3

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[66]	冯小飞, 马建鹏, 郎丹, 等. 3种食药用真菌固体发酵对苦荞营养成分、总黄酮含量和抗氧化活性的影响[J]. 福建农林大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 50(2): 276-282.
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序号 Number	省级区域 Provincial region	编目材料数 Number of catalogued	保存数 Preserve number	区域代表品种 Regional representative varieties	多见区 Main distributing areas	参考文献 References
1	四川 Sichuan	171	146	川荞1号、川荞2号、西荞2号、西荞3号、凉苦3号、老鸦苦荞、额洛乌且、苦刺荞、火麻荞、额曲、额阿母 Chuanqiao No.1, Chuanqiao No.2, Xiqiao No.2, Xiqiao No.3, Liangku No.3, Laoyakuqiao, Eluowuqie, Eluomuerlie, Huomaqiao, Equ, E’amu	汶川、茂县、红原、松潘、理县、九寨沟、凉山州、金堂 Wenchuan, Maoxian, Hongyuan, Songpan, Lixian, Jiuzhaigou, Liangshan, Jintang	[8] [9] [10] [11]
2	贵州 Guizhou	68	54	六苦2号、六苦3号、黔苦4号、黔威3号、毕苦2号、威宁苦荞、大方苦荞、遵义苦荞、纳雍苦荞、盘县苦荞、清镇苦荞、赫章黑苦荞、尖咀苦荞、细白苦荞 Liuku No.2, Liuku No.3, Qianku No.4, Qianwei No.3, Biku No.2, Weiningkuqiao, Dafangkuqiao, Zunyikuqiao, Nayongkuqiao, Panxiankuqiao, Qingzhenkuqiao, Hezhangheikuqiao, Jiazuikuqiao, Xibaikuqiao	威宁、遵义、盘县、清镇、赫章、纳雍、册亨、望谟、兴义 Weining, Zunyi, Panxian, Qingzhen, Hezhang, Nayong, Ceheng, Wangmo, Xingyi	[9] [10] [11]
3	云南 Yunnan	131	117	云荞1号、云苦67、滇宁1号、昭苦2号、迪苦2号、格务、怒江苦荞、巍山苦荞、武定苦荞、彝良苦荞、金源苦荞、昭通苦荞、红土地苦荞、泸西苦荞 Yunqiao No.1, Yunku 67, Dianning No.2, Zhaoku No.2, Diku No.1, Gewu, NuJiangkuqiao, Weishankuqiao, Wudingkuqiao, Yiliangkuqiao, Jinyuankuqiao, Zhaotongkuqiao, Hongtudikuqiao, Luxikuqiao	迪庆、怒江、大理、丽江、保山、临沧、巍山 Diqing, Nujiang, Dali, Lijiang, Baoshan, Lincang, Weishan	[8] [9] [11] [12]
4	山西 Shanxi	113	104	晋苦2号、晋苦4号、兴苦2号、广灵苦荞、五台苦荞 Jinku No.2, Jinku No.4, Xingku No.2, Guanglingkuqiao, Wutaikuqiao	广灵、太原、左云、五台、大同 Guangling, Taiyuan, Zuoyun, Wutai, Datong	[8] [9] [13]
5	重庆 Chongqing	/	/	酉苦1号 Youku No.1	彭水、酉阳、城口、黔江、秀山、巫山 Pengshui, Youyang, Chengkou, Qianjiang, Xiushan, Wushan	[8]
6	内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	8	8	蒙1210-8、赤峰苦荞、通荞1号、通荞4号 Meng 1210-8, Chifengkuqiao, Tongqiao No.1, Tongqiao No.4	通辽、库伦旗、赤峰、乌兰察布 Tongliao, Kulunqi, Chifeng, Ulanqab,	[11]
7	陕西 Shaanxi	93	93	榆5-7、榆6-21、KP9920、边苦1号、镇巴苦荞、西农9909、西农9940 Yu 5-7, Yu 6-21, KP9920, Bianku No.1, Zhenbakuqiao, Xinong 9909, Xinong 9940	榆林、靖边、定边、镇巴 Yulin, Jingbian, Dingbian, Zhenba	[8] [10]
8	湖南 Hunan	4	4	凤凰苦荞、塘湾苦荞 Fenghuangkuqiao, Tangwankuqiao	安化、凤凰、塘湾 Anhua, Fenghuang, Tangwan	[8] [9]
9	宁夏 Ningxia	9	/	宁荞2号 Ningqiao No.2	盐池、固原、中卫 Yanchi, Guyuan, Zhongwei	[11]
10	甘肃 Gansu	94	91	陇南苦荞、定99-3、甘荞1号、定引1号、Ⅲ平苦14-3 Longnankuqiao, Ding 99-3, Ganqiao No.1, Dingying No.1, ⅢPingku 14-3	定西、陇南、环县、平凉 Dingxi, Longnan, Huanxian, Pingliang	[11]
11	江西 Jiangxi	2	2	九江苦荞 Jiujiangkuqiao	九江 Jiujiang	[11]
12	海南 Hainan	/	/	三亚18 Sanya 18	三亚 Sanya	[8]
13	辽宁 Liaoning	1	1	/	建平 Jianping	/
14	北京 Beijing	98	43	/	/	/
15	青海 Qinghai	45	45	互荞1号 Huqiao No.1	/	/
16	安徽 Anhui	5	5	/	/	[9]
17	湖北 Hubei	35	35	五峰苦荞 Wufengkuqiao	五峰 Wufeng	[9]
18	广西 Guangxi	6	6	/	/	[11]
合计	/	883	754	/	/	/
Total

序号 Number	省级区域 Provincial region	编目材料数 Number of catalogued	保存数 Preserve number	区域代表品种 Regional representative varieties	多见区 Main distributing areas	参考文献 References
1	四川 Sichuan	171	146	川荞1号、川荞2号、西荞2号、西荞3号、凉苦3号、老鸦苦荞、额洛乌且、苦刺荞、火麻荞、额曲、额阿母 Chuanqiao No.1, Chuanqiao No.2, Xiqiao No.2, Xiqiao No.3, Liangku No.3, Laoyakuqiao, Eluowuqie, Eluomuerlie, Huomaqiao, Equ, E’amu	汶川、茂县、红原、松潘、理县、九寨沟、凉山州、金堂 Wenchuan, Maoxian, Hongyuan, Songpan, Lixian, Jiuzhaigou, Liangshan, Jintang	[8] [9] [10] [11]
2	贵州 Guizhou	68	54	六苦2号、六苦3号、黔苦4号、黔威3号、毕苦2号、威宁苦荞、大方苦荞、遵义苦荞、纳雍苦荞、盘县苦荞、清镇苦荞、赫章黑苦荞、尖咀苦荞、细白苦荞 Liuku No.2, Liuku No.3, Qianku No.4, Qianwei No.3, Biku No.2, Weiningkuqiao, Dafangkuqiao, Zunyikuqiao, Nayongkuqiao, Panxiankuqiao, Qingzhenkuqiao, Hezhangheikuqiao, Jiazuikuqiao, Xibaikuqiao	威宁、遵义、盘县、清镇、赫章、纳雍、册亨、望谟、兴义 Weining, Zunyi, Panxian, Qingzhen, Hezhang, Nayong, Ceheng, Wangmo, Xingyi	[9] [10] [11]
3	云南 Yunnan	131	117	云荞1号、云苦67、滇宁1号、昭苦2号、迪苦2号、格务、怒江苦荞、巍山苦荞、武定苦荞、彝良苦荞、金源苦荞、昭通苦荞、红土地苦荞、泸西苦荞 Yunqiao No.1, Yunku 67, Dianning No.2, Zhaoku No.2, Diku No.1, Gewu, NuJiangkuqiao, Weishankuqiao, Wudingkuqiao, Yiliangkuqiao, Jinyuankuqiao, Zhaotongkuqiao, Hongtudikuqiao, Luxikuqiao	迪庆、怒江、大理、丽江、保山、临沧、巍山 Diqing, Nujiang, Dali, Lijiang, Baoshan, Lincang, Weishan	[8] [9] [11] [12]
4	山西 Shanxi	113	104	晋苦2号、晋苦4号、兴苦2号、广灵苦荞、五台苦荞 Jinku No.2, Jinku No.4, Xingku No.2, Guanglingkuqiao, Wutaikuqiao	广灵、太原、左云、五台、大同 Guangling, Taiyuan, Zuoyun, Wutai, Datong	[8] [9] [13]
5	重庆 Chongqing	/	/	酉苦1号 Youku No.1	彭水、酉阳、城口、黔江、秀山、巫山 Pengshui, Youyang, Chengkou, Qianjiang, Xiushan, Wushan	[8]
6	内蒙古 Inner Mongolia	8	8	蒙1210-8、赤峰苦荞、通荞1号、通荞4号 Meng 1210-8, Chifengkuqiao, Tongqiao No.1, Tongqiao No.4	通辽、库伦旗、赤峰、乌兰察布 Tongliao, Kulunqi, Chifeng, Ulanqab,	[11]
7	陕西 Shaanxi	93	93	榆5-7、榆6-21、KP9920、边苦1号、镇巴苦荞、西农9909、西农9940 Yu 5-7, Yu 6-21, KP9920, Bianku No.1, Zhenbakuqiao, Xinong 9909, Xinong 9940	榆林、靖边、定边、镇巴 Yulin, Jingbian, Dingbian, Zhenba	[8] [10]
8	湖南 Hunan	4	4	凤凰苦荞、塘湾苦荞 Fenghuangkuqiao, Tangwankuqiao	安化、凤凰、塘湾 Anhua, Fenghuang, Tangwan	[8] [9]
9	宁夏 Ningxia	9	/	宁荞2号 Ningqiao No.2	盐池、固原、中卫 Yanchi, Guyuan, Zhongwei	[11]
10	甘肃 Gansu	94	91	陇南苦荞、定99-3、甘荞1号、定引1号、Ⅲ平苦14-3 Longnankuqiao, Ding 99-3, Ganqiao No.1, Dingying No.1, ⅢPingku 14-3	定西、陇南、环县、平凉 Dingxi, Longnan, Huanxian, Pingliang	[11]
11	江西 Jiangxi	2	2	九江苦荞 Jiujiangkuqiao	九江 Jiujiang	[11]
12	海南 Hainan	/	/	三亚18 Sanya 18	三亚 Sanya	[8]
13	辽宁 Liaoning	1	1	/	建平 Jianping	/
14	北京 Beijing	98	43	/	/	/
15	青海 Qinghai	45	45	互荞1号 Huqiao No.1	/	/
16	安徽 Anhui	5	5	/	/	[9]
17	湖北 Hubei	35	35	五峰苦荞 Wufengkuqiao	五峰 Wufeng	[9]
18	广西 Guangxi	6	6	/	/	[11]
合计	/	883	754	/	/	/
Total

苦荞麦“品、质、效、用”的多维评价及其活性成分高值化利用的研究进展

Multidimensional evaluation of “variety, quality, efficiency and application” of Tartary buckwheat and research progress of high-value utilization of active ingredients

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