基于土壤溶液中硝态氮浓度的香蕉氮肥施用研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240215

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 1319-1326.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240215

基于土壤溶液中硝态氮浓度的香蕉氮肥施用研究

何昕昀(), 邓碧纯, 胡清钰, 冯宏, 郭彦彪^*()

华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州 510642

收稿日期:2024-03-05 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-07-08
作者简介:何昕昀(1999—),女,浙江临海人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤养分管理。E-mail:hexinyun0615@163.com
通讯作者: *郭彦彪,E-mail:guoyanbiao@scau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201508-02)

Application of nitrogen fertilizer for banana based on nitrate nitrogen concentration in soil solution

HE Xinyun(), DENG Bichun, HU Qingyu, FENG Hong, GUO Yanbiao^*()

College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

Received:2024-03-05 Online:2025-06-25 Published:2025-07-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

香蕉是需氮量特别大的作物,合理施氮是保证香蕉产量、提高氮肥利用率、减轻环境负荷的基础,而合理施氮的前提是快速准确地判断土壤氮素供应水平。植物主要通过土壤溶液吸收氮素,因此土壤溶液中的氮素浓度在理论上能够更好地反映土壤的氮素供应强度,但是基于土壤溶液中氮素浓度的施肥方案研究非常缺乏。本研究旨在建立以监测土壤溶液中硝态氮浓度判断氮素供应水平,从而指导香蕉施肥的方法。分别于2019年和2020年相继开展香蕉营养液砂培试验和土壤盆栽试验,营养液砂培试验设置7个氮浓度(0、35、70、140、210、280、420 mg·L^-1),土壤盆栽试验设置3个土壤溶液硝态氮浓度范围(<70、70~280、>280 mg·L^-1)。研究结果表明:在砂培试验中,当氮浓度在70~280 mg·L^-1时,香蕉植株的株高、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、叶面积和总干物质量显著(P<0.05)高于氮浓度低于70 mg·L^-1和高于280 mg·L^-1的处理。在土壤盆栽试验中,将土壤溶液中的硝态氮浓度控制在70~280 mg·L^-1,香蕉苗期的生长状况最优、生物量最大,与砂培结果具有一致性。土壤溶液中的硝态氮浓度在70~280 mg·L^-1,可以作为香蕉苗期氮肥施用的参考指标。

关键词: 土壤溶液, 施肥, 氮, 香蕉

Abstract:

A large amount of nitrogen is required in the whole growth period of banana. Reasonable fertilization is the basis to ensure yield, increase fertilizer use efficiency and reduce environmental load. Reasonable fertilization is dependent on the quick and accurate judgment of nitrogen supply level. Plants absorb nutrients mainly from soil solution, so nutrient concentration in soil solution can reflect nutrient supply level of soil in theory. However, there are few studies focusing on fertilization scheme based on nutrient concentration in soil solution. To establish a method which could guide fertilization by monitoring nitrate nitrogen concentration in soil solution, a sand culture experiment with nutrition solution and a pot experiment with soil for banana were carried out in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Seven nitrogen concentrations (0, 35, 70, 140, 210, 280, 420 mg·L^-1) were set up in the sand culture experiment, and three nitrate nitrogen concentration ranges (<70, 70-280, >280 mg·L^-1) were set up in the pot experiment.The results showed that the plant height, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value), leaf area and total dry matter weight of banana were significantly (P<0.05) higher when nitrogen concentration was 70-280 mg·L^-1 than those when nitrogen concentration was lower than 70 mg·L^-1 or higher than 280 mg·L^-1 in the sand culture experiment. The growth of banana plant in the soil pot experiment was the best and the biomass was the largest when the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in soil solution was in the range of 70-280 mg·L^-1, which was consistent with the results of sand culture experiment. Therefore, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in soil solution in the range of 70-280 mg·L^-1 could be used as a reference index for nitrogen fertilizer application at banana seedling stage.

Key words: soil solution, fertilization, nitrogen, banana

中图分类号:

S158.3

何昕昀, 邓碧纯, 胡清钰, 冯宏, 郭彦彪. 基于土壤溶液中硝态氮浓度的香蕉氮肥施用研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(6): 1319-1326.

HE Xinyun, DENG Bichun, HU Qingyu, FENG Hong, GUO Yanbiao. Application of nitrogen fertilizer for banana based on nitrate nitrogen concentration in soil solution[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(6): 1319-1326.

图/表 8

参考文献 21

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处理 Treatment	营养液配方中各化合物的用量Dosage of compounds in nutrient solution
处理 Treatment	Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O	KNO₃	KH₂PO₃	MgSO₄·7H₂O	KCl	CaCl₂	NH₄Cl
T1	—	—	68	346.5	186.25	277.5	—
T2	295	—	68	346.5	186.25	138.75	—
T3	590	—	68	346.5	186.25	—	—
T4	590	253	68	346.5	—	—	133.75
T5	590	253	68	346.5	—	—	401.25
T6	590	253	68	346.5	—	—	668.75
T7	590	253	68	346.5	—	—	1 203.75

处理 Treatment	营养液配方中各化合物的用量Dosage of compounds in nutrient solution
处理 Treatment	Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O	KNO₃	KH₂PO₃	MgSO₄·7H₂O	KCl	CaCl₂	NH₄Cl
T1	—	—	68	346.5	186.25	277.5	—
T2	295	—	68	346.5	186.25	138.75	—
T3	590	—	68	346.5	186.25	—	—
T4	590	253	68	346.5	—	—	133.75
T5	590	253	68	346.5	—	—	401.25
T6	590	253	68	346.5	—	—	668.75
T7	590	253	68	346.5	—	—	1 203.75

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	SPAD	叶面积 Leaf area/cm²
T1	11.20±0.46 c	25.28±0.62 e	62.10±3.27 d
T2	53.40±3.46 ab	39.22±0.82 d	562.35±27.61 b
T3	64.60±3.93 a	42.08±1.20 c	711.53±39.52 ab
T4	64.20±4.16 a	44.10±0.78 bc	654.83±21.57 ab
T5	64.80±4.32 a	44.32±1.04 bc	702.90±52.74 ab
T6	64.00±4.39 a	45.22±1.10 b	752.33±99.28 a
T7	43.20±3.62 b	49.24±0.80 a	389.33±55.47 c

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	SPAD	叶面积 Leaf area/cm²
T1	11.20±0.46 c	25.28±0.62 e	62.10±3.27 d
T2	53.40±3.46 ab	39.22±0.82 d	562.35±27.61 b
T3	64.60±3.93 a	42.08±1.20 c	711.53±39.52 ab
T4	64.20±4.16 a	44.10±0.78 bc	654.83±21.57 ab
T5	64.80±4.32 a	44.32±1.04 bc	702.90±52.74 ab
T6	64.00±4.39 a	45.22±1.10 b	752.33±99.28 a
T7	43.20±3.62 b	49.24±0.80 a	389.33±55.47 c

处理 Treatment	地上部干重 Shoot dry weight	根干重 Root dry weight	总干重 Total dry weight
T1	2.35±0.42 c	1.63±0.45 c	3.98±0.83 c
T2	31.53±5.26 a	8.53±2.22 a	40.06±7.35 a
T3	33.84±4.78 a	7.48±0.76 a	41.32±5.44 a
T4	27.79±4.82 a	5.19±1.02 b	32.98±5.76 a
T5	28.29±4.62 a	5.06±0.83 b	33.35±5.42 a
T6	34.17±12.15 a	5.66±1.64 b	39.83±13.76 a
T7	17.61±7.00 b	2.94±0.83 c	20.56±7.80 b

基于土壤溶液中硝态氮浓度的香蕉氮肥施用研究

Application of nitrogen fertilizer for banana based on nitrate nitrogen concentration in soil solution

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处理 Treatment	氮含量N content		磷含量P content		钾含量K content		钙含量Ca content		镁含量Mg content
处理 Treatment	根 Root	地上部 Shoot	根 Root	地上部 Shoot	根 Root	地上部 Shoot	根 Root	地上部 Shoot	根 Root	地上部 Shoot
T1	5.73± 0.27 g	7.72± 0.60 f	3.17± 0.17 a	4.24± 0.22 a	75.71± 9.20 a	68.52± 4.38 a	10.76± 0.58 c	8.90± 0.41 c	3.36± 0.18 c	3.41± 0.14 bc
T2	10.02± 0.76 f	11.31± 0.78 e	1.96± 0.05 c	1.32± 0.03 d	63.70± 3.18 ab	40.00± 1.44 d	11.99± 0.44 abc	29.73± 2.57 b	8.45± 0.40 b	6.01± 0.56 a
T3	14.15± 0.24 e	17.54± 0.55 d	1.97± 0.08 c	1.38± 0.05 d	62.70± 4.44 ab	45.17± 0.60 cd	11.71± 0.80 bc	42.11± 8.21 a	10.52± 1.18 a	5.29± 0.20 a
T4	19.85± 0.34 d	22.83± 0.90 c	2.08± 0.05 bc	1.85± 0.19 c	64.18± 0.87 ab	47.34± 1.94 cd	14.18± 1.21 ab	25.71± 4.33 b	8.48± 0.55 b	5.24± 0.20 a
T5	21.34± 0.03 c	26.19± 0.19 b	2.39± 0.07 b	2.53± 0.1 b	57.64± 2.19 b	51.56± 1.42 bc	13.32± 0.97 abc	32.69± 1.70 ab	7.78± 0.22 b	4.06± 0.13 bc
T6	24.32± 0.8 b	29.35± 0.68 a	2.10± 0.13 bc	2.06± 0.12 c	56.40± 3.09 b	49.07± 3.40 bc	12.76± 0.40 abc	29.16± 2.04 b	8.54± 0.23 b	4.26± 0.47 b
T7	26.53± 0.37 a	30.94± 0.23 a	2.16± 0.11 bc	1.91± 0.09 c	51.87± 3.36 b	55.32± 1.55 b	14.75± 1.13 a	24.74± 4.31 b	7.31± 0.89 b	3.24± 0.11 c

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height/cm	茎粗 Stem diameter/mm	叶面积 Leaf area/cm²
N1	109.05± 5.25 a	64.00± 3.68 b	1 569.33± 95.51 b
N2	128.73± 7.08 a	71.22± 2.20 a	2 783.33± 92.32 a
N3	118.50± 6.03 a	69.94± 1.01 a	2 676.67± 179.85 a

处理 Treatment	根干重 Root dry weight	假茎干重 Pseudo-stem dry weight	叶干重 Leaf dry weight	地上部干重 Shoot dry weight
N1	20.42±0.85 a	72.90±1.79 ab	34.52±6.82 b	107.42±5.03 c
N2	14.49±0.93 b	76.11±0.72 a	66.48±4.06 a	142.59±4.72 a
N3	12.10±0.82 b	67.14±3.52 b	58.55±1.42 a	125.68±3.75 b

处理 Treatment	氮含量N content			磷含量P content			钾含量K content
处理 Treatment	根 Root	假茎 Pseudo-stem	叶片 Leaf	根 Root	假茎 Pseudo-stem	叶片 Leaf	根 Root	假茎 Pseudo-stem	叶片 Leaf
N1	7.13± 0.59 b	3.96± 0.14 b	25.50± 1.07 c	1.47± 0.11 a	2.68± 0.08 a	4.07± 0.03 a	46.51± 2.63 a	57.56± 2.76 c	77.19± 5.27 a
N2	16.24± 0.22 a	21.77± 0.51 a	58.64± 0.73 b	1.22± 0.02 ab	2.19± 0.22 a	4.52± 0.11 a	44.67± 3.98 a	86.98± 3.52 a	65.91± 2.73 a
N3	18.05± 0.78 a	22.98± 0.90 a	63.03± 0.80 a	1.16± 0.08 b	2.36± 0.21 a	4.28± 0.22 a	33.58± 1.83 b	74.53± 1.39 b	64.35± 4.18 a

处理 Treatment	钙含量Ca content			镁含量Mg content
处理 Treatment	根Root	假茎Pseudo-stem	叶片Leaf	根Root	假茎Pseudo-stem	叶片Leaf
N1	5.83±1.35 a	5.06±0.55 a	5.39±0.66 a	3.71±0.53 a	1.59±0.08 a	3.56±0.19 a
N2	8.66±0.58 a	6.64±0.90 a	5.89±0.51 a	4.84±0.49 a	1.85±0.17 a	3.71±0.07 a
N3	7.76±0.53 a	6.82±0.31 a	5.87±0.27 a	4.27±0.49 a	1.47±0.10 a	2.71±0.14 b

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