大豆种质苗期低氮耐性筛选和鉴定

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240119

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 965-976.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240119

大豆种质苗期低氮耐性筛选和鉴定

何国欣¹^,²(), 李素娟²(), 王剑³, 陶晓园⁴, 叶子弘¹, 陈光³^,^*(), 徐盛春¹^,²^,⁴^,^*()

1.中国计量大学生命科学学院,浙江杭州 310018
2.浙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全全国重点实验室,公共实验室,浙江杭州 310021
3.浙江省农业科学院数字农业研究所,浙江杭州 310021
4.湘湖实验室,浙江杭州 311258

收稿日期:2024-02-01 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-06-11
作者简介:何国欣(1999—),男,浙江温州人,硕士研究生,主要从事大豆耐低氮生理机制研究。E-mail:s21090710014@cjlu.edu.cn;
李素娟(1977—),女,安徽灵璧人,助理研究员,主要从事作物分子遗传育种研究。E-mail:lisj@zaas.ac.cn第一联系人：#为共同第一作者。
通讯作者: *徐盛春,E-mail:scxu@zaas.ac.cn;
陈光,E-mail:chenguang@zaas.ac.cn
基金资助:
中央引导地方科技发展资金(2023ZY1016)

Screening and identification of soybean germplasm for low nitrogen tolerance during seedling stage

HE Guoxin¹^,²(), LI Sujuan²(), WANG Jian³, TAO Xiaoyuan⁴, YE Zihong¹, CHEN Guang³^,^*(), XU Shengchun¹^,²^,⁴^,^*()

1. School of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
2. Public Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
3. Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
4. Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311258, China

Received:2024-02-01 Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-06-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

苗期大豆耐低氮精准鉴定可有效提高种质规模化筛选,加速耐低氮品种培育。本研究以557份不同来源大豆种质为材料,在不同氮素水平(7.5、0.75 mmol·L^-1)下开展苗期鉴定,测定生物量、根长、相对叶绿素含量等14个生理指标,利用方差分析、相关性分析、模糊隶属函数法、主成分综合评价法和聚类分析等对种质资源的耐低氮特性进行评价。在低氮胁迫下,除第2片复叶的实际光合效率和第1片复叶调节性能量耗散的量子产量无显著性差异外,其余12个指标均呈显著性差异。通过主成分分析将显著变化的12个性状耐氮系数转化为5个综合指标,累计贡献率为80.87%,基于主成分综合评价值(D)将557份大豆种质聚类分析分为5类,分别是耐低氮型、较耐低氮型、中耐低氮型、低氮较敏感型和低氮敏感型。筛选出耐低氮型,包含石豆2号、YJ002313和AMURSKAYA 402共3份;低氮敏感型,包含克c14-705、中野1号、97鉴23、皮黑豆和永城大籽绿豆等10份。依据逐步线性回归分析筛选出地下部长度、地下部干重、根冠比(RL/SL)、第2片复叶调节性能量耗散的量子产量和第1片复叶相对叶绿素含量作为关键重要特征对大豆耐低氮特性进行评价。本研究挖掘到大豆耐低氮优异种质,可为大豆耐低氮品种的选育提供材料基础。

关键词: 大豆, 耐低氮, 种质资源筛选, 生理特性, 主成分综合评价法

Abstract:

To enhance the nitrogen use efficiency of soybean varieties tolerant to low nitrogen, it is crucial to screen and accurately identify the characters of germplasm resources. In this study, 557 soybean germplasms were used as experimental materials. Hydroponic experiments were conducted under normal nitrogen conditions (7.5 mmol·L^-1) and low nitrogen conditions (0.75 mmol·L^-1). Fourteen physiological indicators related to low nitrogen tolerance, including biomass, root length, and relative chlorophyll content, were measured. The low nitrogen characteristics of germplasm resources were evaluated using analysis of variance, correlation analysis, fuzzy membership function method, principal component comprehensive evaluation method, and clustering analysis. Under low nitrogen stress, except for no significant differences in the actual photosynthetic efficiency of the second trifoliate and the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation in the first trifoliate, the other 12 indicators showed significant differences. Principal component analysis was used to transform the nitrogen tolerance coefficients of the 12 significantly changed traits into five comprehensive indicators, with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.87%. Based on the principal component comprehensive evaluation value (D), the 557 soybean germplasm resources were clustered into five types: low nitrogen-tolerant type, relatively low nitrogen-tolerant type, moderately low nitrogen-tolerant type, low nitrogen-sensitive type, and low nitrogen-sensitive type. Low nitrogen-tolerant types, including varieties such as Shidou 2, YJ002313, and AMURSKAYA 402, were identified, as well as low nitrogen-sensitive types, including varieties such as Kec14-705, Zhongye 1, 97 Jian 23, Piheidou, and Yongchengdazilvdou. Based on stepwise linear regression analysis, underground length, underground dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio (RL/SL), quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation in the second trifoliate, and relative chlorophyll content in the first trifoliate were identified as key important features for evaluating soybean low nitrogen tolerance characteristics. This study identified excellent soybean germplasm with low nitrogen tolerance, providing the material foundation for the breeding of soybean varieties with low nitrogen tolerance.

Key words: soybean, low nitrogen stress, germplasm resource screening, physiological traits, principal component comprehensive evaluation method

中图分类号:

S565.1

何国欣, 李素娟, 王剑, 陶晓园, 叶子弘, 陈光, 徐盛春. 大豆种质苗期低氮耐性筛选和鉴定[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(5): 965-976.

HE Guoxin, LI Sujuan, WANG Jian, TAO Xiaoyuan, YE Zihong, CHEN Guang, XU Shengchun. Screening and identification of soybean germplasm for low nitrogen tolerance during seedling stage[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(5): 965-976.

图/表 10

参考文献 36

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性状 Trait	低氮胁迫条件Low-nitrogen stress conditions					正常氮条件Normal nitrogen conditions
性状 Trait	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%
SL/cm	10.20	79.60	34.41	9.68	28.13	12.10	80.20	36.38	10.63	29.21
SW/(g·plant^-1)	0.03	2.76	0.80	0.37	46.82	0.04	3.92	1.07	0.55	51.38
RL/cm	7.10	73.20	28.00	8.49	30.32	2.40	87.10	24.77	6.97	28.15
RW/(g·plant^-1)	0.01	2.25	0.22	0.16	73.02	0.01	1.58	0.19	0.15	78.50
RW/SW	0.02	5.92	0.32	0.34	106.79	0.01	8.06	0.22	0.30	136.79
RL/SL	0.21	2.78	0.87	0.33	37.52	0.09	3.10	0.73	0.27	36.43
Phi2_1	0.01	0.81	0.63	0.09	14.66	0.02	0.82	0.62	0.10	16.22
Phi2_2	0.05	0.82	0.64	0.09	14.82	0.02	0.83	0.64	0.10	16.25
PhiNPQ_1	0.06	0.97	0.20	0.09	45.12	0.04	0.97	0.19	0.11	56.05
PhiNPQ_2	0.05	0.93	0.18	0.09	51.41	0.02	0.96	0.17	0.12	69.18
PhiNO_1	0.02	0.38	0.18	0.05	26.36	0.01	0.50	0.19	0.06	29.98
PhiNO_2	0.02	0.45	0.18	0.04	25.34	0.02	0.42	0.19	0.06	30.79
SPAD_1	6.53	50.05	24.72	7.34	29.70	6.53	77.80	35.99	6.47	17.98
SPAD_2	6.53	73.86	29.39	7.48	25.45	6.53	78.25	38.91	5.81	14.95

性状 Trait	低氮胁迫条件Low-nitrogen stress conditions					正常氮条件Normal nitrogen conditions
性状 Trait	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%
SL/cm	10.20	79.60	34.41	9.68	28.13	12.10	80.20	36.38	10.63	29.21
SW/(g·plant^-1)	0.03	2.76	0.80	0.37	46.82	0.04	3.92	1.07	0.55	51.38
RL/cm	7.10	73.20	28.00	8.49	30.32	2.40	87.10	24.77	6.97	28.15
RW/(g·plant^-1)	0.01	2.25	0.22	0.16	73.02	0.01	1.58	0.19	0.15	78.50
RW/SW	0.02	5.92	0.32	0.34	106.79	0.01	8.06	0.22	0.30	136.79
RL/SL	0.21	2.78	0.87	0.33	37.52	0.09	3.10	0.73	0.27	36.43
Phi2_1	0.01	0.81	0.63	0.09	14.66	0.02	0.82	0.62	0.10	16.22
Phi2_2	0.05	0.82	0.64	0.09	14.82	0.02	0.83	0.64	0.10	16.25
PhiNPQ_1	0.06	0.97	0.20	0.09	45.12	0.04	0.97	0.19	0.11	56.05
PhiNPQ_2	0.05	0.93	0.18	0.09	51.41	0.02	0.96	0.17	0.12	69.18
PhiNO_1	0.02	0.38	0.18	0.05	26.36	0.01	0.50	0.19	0.06	29.98
PhiNO_2	0.02	0.45	0.18	0.04	25.34	0.02	0.42	0.19	0.06	30.79
SPAD_1	6.53	50.05	24.72	7.34	29.70	6.53	77.80	35.99	6.47	17.98
SPAD_2	6.53	73.86	29.39	7.48	25.45	6.53	78.25	38.91	5.81	14.95

性状 Trait	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%	F值 F value	显著性 Significance
SPAD_1	0.21	2.03	0.70	0.20	28.82	<2.2×10^-16	***
SPAD_2	0.25	1.45	0.76	0.17	22.00	<2.2×10^-16	***
SW/(g·plant^-1)	0.25	4.10	0.84	0.42	49.48	<2.2×10^-16	***
RL/SL	0.51	3.27	1.24	0.40	32.37	<2.2×10^-16	***
RL/cm	0.53	2.73	1.17	0.36	30.62	<2.2×10^-16	***
PhiNO_2	0.44	4.81	0.98	0.35	35.60	<2.2×10^-16	***
PhiNO_1	0.47	8.54	0.99	0.40	40.01	<2.2×10^-16	***
SL/cm	0.44	2.18	0.97	0.22	22.42	<2.2×10^-16	***
RW/SW	0.13	18.33	1.93	1.65	85.15	<2.2×10^-16	***
RW/(g·plant^-1)	0.18	15.16	1.47	1.21	82.17	<2.2×10^-16	***
PhiNPQ_2	0.13	5.51	1.24	0.65	52.51	1.32×10^-11	***
Phi2_1	0.46	7.56	1.05	0.35	33.60	1.22×10^-4	***
PhiNPQ_1	0.19	4.25	1.11	0.48	43.44	0.22
Phi2_2	0.46	7.89	1.04	0.41	39.11	0.87

性状 Trait	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%	F值 F value	显著性 Significance
SPAD_1	0.21	2.03	0.70	0.20	28.82	<2.2×10^-16	***
SPAD_2	0.25	1.45	0.76	0.17	22.00	<2.2×10^-16	***
SW/(g·plant^-1)	0.25	4.10	0.84	0.42	49.48	<2.2×10^-16	***
RL/SL	0.51	3.27	1.24	0.40	32.37	<2.2×10^-16	***
RL/cm	0.53	2.73	1.17	0.36	30.62	<2.2×10^-16	***
PhiNO_2	0.44	4.81	0.98	0.35	35.60	<2.2×10^-16	***
PhiNO_1	0.47	8.54	0.99	0.40	40.01	<2.2×10^-16	***
SL/cm	0.44	2.18	0.97	0.22	22.42	<2.2×10^-16	***
RW/SW	0.13	18.33	1.93	1.65	85.15	<2.2×10^-16	***
RW/(g·plant^-1)	0.18	15.16	1.47	1.21	82.17	<2.2×10^-16	***
PhiNPQ_2	0.13	5.51	1.24	0.65	52.51	1.32×10^-11	***
Phi2_1	0.46	7.56	1.05	0.35	33.60	1.22×10^-4	***
PhiNPQ_1	0.19	4.25	1.11	0.48	43.44	0.22
Phi2_2	0.46	7.89	1.04	0.41	39.11	0.87

性状 Traits	主成分1 PCA1	主成分2 PCA2	主成分3 PCA3	主成分4 PCA4	主成分5 PCA5
SL	-0.21	0.31	0.74	-0.04	0.34
RL	0.54	-0.34	0.68	0.05	-0.24
SW	-0.14	0.22	0.83	0.20	0.01
RW	0.08	0.20	0.12	0.91	0.07
RW/SW	0.20	0.13	-0.38	0.80	0.08
RL/SL	0.66	-0.50	0.19	0.07	-0.47
Phi2_1	0.70	0.54	-0.09	-0.15	0.14
PhiNO_1	0.71	0.51	-0.02	-0.23	0.17
PhiNO_2	0.66	0.52	0.00	-0.09	0.07
PhiNPQ_2	-0.20	-0.55	0.11	-0.03	0.48
SPAD_1	-0.52	0.53	0.08	0.00	-0.32
SPAD_2	-0.51	0.68	0.01	-0.05	-0.33
特征值 Eigenvectors	2.83	2.43	1.93	1.61	0.91
贡献率Contribution ratio/%	23.56	20.24	16.07	13.44	7.55
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution ratio/%	23.56	43.80	59.87	73.31	80.87

大豆种质苗期低氮耐性筛选和鉴定

Screening and identification of soybean germplasm for low nitrogen tolerance during seedling stage

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种质 Germplasm	D值 D value	低氮耐性评价 Low nitrogen tolerance evaluation	种质类型 Germplasm type
石豆2号 Shidou 2	0.84	耐低氮Tolerant to low nitrogen	国内资源Domestic resources
YJ002313	0.77	耐低氮Tolerant to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
AMURSKAYA 402	0.74	耐低氮Tolerant to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
RENTA	0.72	较耐低氮Moderately tolerant to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
GARAVTT	0.72	较耐低氮Moderately tolerant to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
冀HJ116 Yi HJ116	0.71	较耐低氮Moderately tolerant to low nitrogen	国内资源Domestic resources
WDD02788	0.71	较耐低氮Moderately tolerant to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
冀豆11 Yidou 11	0.71	较耐低氮Moderately tolerant to low nitrogen	国内资源Domestic resources
潍豆7号 Weidou 7	0.70	较耐低氮Moderately tolerant to low nitrogen	国内资源Domestic resources
P73-7	0.70	较耐低氮Moderately tolerant to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
克c14-705 Ke c14-705	0.24	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	未知Unknown
中野1号 Zhongye 1	0.24	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	国内资源Domestic resources
97鉴2 397 Jian 23	0.24	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	国内资源Domestic resources
皮黑豆 Piheidou	0.24	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	国内资源Domestic resources
永城大籽绿豆 Yongchengdazilvdou	0.24	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	国内资源Domestic resources
OKSKAY-1	0.23	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
KG-20	0.22	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
WDD02945	0.21	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
OAC OXFord	0.21	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
99nf40	0.15	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	国内资源Domestic resources

指标Index	估计值Estimate	标准误差Standard error	t值t value	P值 P value	显著性Significance
截距 Intercept	0.39	0.03	15.32	<2×10^-16	***
RL	-0.06	0.02	-3.59	<0.001	***
RW	-0.01	0	-3.62	<0.001	***
RL/SL	0.15	0.02	9.17	<2×10^-16	***
PhiNPQ_2	-0.02	0.01	-3.76	<0.001	***
SPAD_1	0.04	0.02	1.79	0.07

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