Migration regularity and accumulation risk of heavy metals after continuous application of swine manure in paddy soils

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.09.17

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (9): 1985-1994.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.09.17

• Environmental Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Migration regularity and accumulation risk of heavy metals after continuous application of swine manure in paddy soils

WANG Chen¹^,²(), ZHANG Min¹, WANG Zhenqi¹^,^*(), QIAN Xiaoyong¹, XU Chang¹, NI Yuanzhi¹, LI Jinwen¹, SHEN Genxiang¹

1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
2. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China

Received:2021-08-18 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-09-30
Contact: WANG Zhenqi

Abstract

Abstract:

Resource utilization of livestock manure has been encouraged vigorously in China. To explore the potential risks of heavy metal accumulation in paddy fields under “swine-rice” nutrient management option, a 5-year field-scale experiment was conducted in this study. A swine farm with manure fully treated and returning to field was selected as the case-study farm to monitor and track the migration regularity of six heavy metals in the paddy soil. The results showed that the heavy metals such as As, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd were detected in the feed, and the content of Cu and Zn was much higher than the recommended addition amount in NY/T 65-2004 “Standard for Pig Feeding”. The content of heavy metals in the manure showed the characteristics of “high in autumn and winter and low in spring and summer”. Among them, the contents of Cr, Cu, Zn and As in the manure in winter were the highest, which were 115.9, 1 150.1, 1 630.0, and 2.62 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The contents of As, Cr, Cd, Cu and Zn in the plough layer (0-20 cm) soil of the supporting farmland showed an obvious accumulation trend, while Cu and Zn was accumulated obviously, and the average accumulation rate was as high as 5.13 and 2.29 mg·kg^-1, respectively. Heavy metals all migrated to the deep soil, and Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd generally showed a certain vertical decreasing change, while the content of As and Cr in the deep soil increased, showing a leaching down characteristic. Through the analysis of fate characteristics, it was found that the content of Cd in rice accounted for 9.11% of the total input, which was much higher than the other types of heavy metals. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the amount of feed additives containing Cu, Zn, and Cd in livestock production and standardize the swine manure disposal and utilization management, to reduce the risk of heavy metal pollution in farmland soils.

Key words: swine manure, paddy field, heavy metals

CLC Number:

S141

WANG Chen, ZHANG Min, WANG Zhenqi, QIAN Xiaoyong, XU Chang, NI Yuanzhi, LI Jinwen, SHEN Genxiang. Migration regularity and accumulation risk of heavy metals after continuous application of swine manure in paddy soils[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(9): 1985-1994.

Figures/Tables 8

References 31

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编号 No.	粗蛋白质 Crude protein/%	赖氨酸 Lysine/%	有效磷 Available phosphorus/%	粗纤维 Crude fiber/%	年用量 Annual consumption/t	适用阶段 Application stage
2^#	20	1.18	0.70	2.80	30	苗猪Piglet
3^#	19	0.89	0.57	3.94	30	育肥猪Fatten pig
4^#	16	0.87	0.38	6.78	20	大猪Hog
4S^#	12	0.75	0.53	8.93	20	成猪Adult pig

编号 No.	粗蛋白质 Crude protein/%	赖氨酸 Lysine/%	有效磷 Available phosphorus/%	粗纤维 Crude fiber/%	年用量 Annual consumption/t	适用阶段 Application stage
2^#	20	1.18	0.70	2.80	30	苗猪Piglet
3^#	19	0.89	0.57	3.94	30	育肥猪Fatten pig
4^#	16	0.87	0.38	6.78	20	大猪Hog
4S^#	12	0.75	0.53	8.93	20	成猪Adult pig

饲料种类 Feed types	Cd	As	Pb	Cr	Cu	Zn
2^#	0.04±0.01 a	1.65±0.15 a	1.19±0.17 a	14.2±1.2 a	143.0±10.8 a	236.0±17.6 a
3^#	0.05±0.01 a	0.06±0.01 b	1.19±0.16 a	9.7±0.9 a	131.0±7.8 a	205.3±8.6 a
4^#	0.05±0.01 a	—	1.14±0.19 a	12.9±1.1 a	41.4±4.5 b	190.6±16.2 a
4S^#	—	—	1.20±0.13 a	4.9±0.5 b	50.8±5.3 b	213.0±14.3 a

饲料种类 Feed types	Cd	As	Pb	Cr	Cu	Zn
2^#	0.04±0.01 a	1.65±0.15 a	1.19±0.17 a	14.2±1.2 a	143.0±10.8 a	236.0±17.6 a
3^#	0.05±0.01 a	0.06±0.01 b	1.19±0.16 a	9.7±0.9 a	131.0±7.8 a	205.3±8.6 a
4^#	0.05±0.01 a	—	1.14±0.19 a	12.9±1.1 a	41.4±4.5 b	190.6±16.2 a
4S^#	—	—	1.20±0.13 a	4.9±0.5 b	50.8±5.3 b	213.0±14.3 a

季节Season	Cd	As	Pb	Cr	Cu	Zn
秋季Autumn	0.26±0.02 a	2.22±0.13 ab	2.17±0.22 b	49.6±4.1 b	201.9±13.2 c	858.9±56.8 b
冬季Winter	0.24±0.02 a	2.62±0.19 a	4.62±0.43 a	115.9±9.2 a	1 150.1±81.3 a	1 630.0±97.2 a
春季Spring	0.22±0.01 b	1.98±0.09 b	2.51±0.23 b	23.4±2.6 c	434.8±26.8 b	589.5±46.9 b
夏季Summer	0.14±0.01 b	1.67±0.15 b	5.62±0.55 a	22.1±2.1 c	376.8±22.9 b	486.7±42.1 c

Migration regularity and accumulation risk of heavy metals after continuous application of swine manure in paddy soils

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季节Season	Cd	As	Pb	Cr	Cu	Zn
秋季Autumn	—	0.06±0.01 a	0.12±0.04 b	30.0±3.2 b	20.0±2.3 b	166.0±11.8 a
冬季Winter	0.01±0.01	0.06±0.01 a	0.14±0.05 b	46.7±3.9 a	27.7±2.6 a	165.1±10.2 a
春季Spring	—	0.04±0.01 a	0.11±0.01 b	39.1±3.2 a	26.1±2.4 a	162.3±13.7 a
夏季Summer	—	0.03±0.01 a	0.23±0.03 a	32.5±2.9 b	21.1±2.1 b	163.1±14.2 a

年份 Year	As			Cr			Cd
年份 Year	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm
2015	9.0±1.4 a	8.8±0.3 ab	8.3±1.2 b	79.0±7.7 ab	71.9±8.0 b	69.8±7.5 b	0.2±0.1 a	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2016	9.3±0.6 a	8.5±0.4 ab	10.4±0.7 a	92.8±14.6 a	80.6±13.5 b	74.1±14.5 b	0.2±0.1 a	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2017	10.4±0.8 a	8.0±1.0 ab	7.8±0.6 b	78.6±7.4 bc	65.2±7.9 b	70.8±7.8 b	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2018	8.3±0.7 b	7.8±1.4 b	8.9±0.6 ab	78.1±8.8 c	77.6±7.5 b	77.3±10.7 b	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2019	9.2±1.2 a	9.7±1.0 a	9.9±0.5 a	97.0±8.0 a	104.7±8.8 a	109.7±8.1 a	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
年份 Year	Pb			Cu			Zn
年份 Year	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm
2015	25.4±0.6 b	23.4±2.2 d	20.3±0.9 c	25.9±3.7 b	23.8±2.8 b	23.0±3.7 a	94.4±8.2 b	88.0±9.5 a	81.3±5.9 a
2016	26.3±1.7 b	25.3±1.5 d	23.4±1.1 bc	28.5±4.1 b	22.9±1.2 b	22.0±1.5 a	99.1±5.0 b	96.3±6.0 a	85.0±7.6 a
2017	28.3±1.0 b	27.4±2.5 b	25.3±1.9 b	30.3±2.6 b	26.9±2.3 ab	25.7±3.9 a	105.6±4.5 b	78.2±6.0 b	83.9±5.8 a
2018	29.8±1.3 b	27.0±0.8 c	27.3±0.5 b	31.8±2.7 b	27.2±3.0 a	27.2±4.2 a	111.3±11.9 ab	84.1±8.2 b	83.3±6.3 a
2019	32.9±2.1 a	29.0±2.5 a	32.4±3.7 a	37.3±3.5 a	28.7±3.1 a	29.3±1.5 a	120.0±11.8 a	87.0±7.2 a	89.3±10.4 a

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年份 Year	As			Cr			Cd
年份 Year	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm
2015	5.1±0.9 b	5.5±0.5 b	5.3±0.8 b	65.6±0.8 b	64.6±5.7 b	66.0±4.1 a	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2016	5.5±0.0 b	5.9±0.4 b	5.2±0.1 b	64.9±5.4 b	65.3±1.8 b	66.6±1.2 a	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2017	5.6±0.8 b	6.3±1.1 a	7.5±0.4 a	69.1±2.6 a	77.0±2.3 a	69.6±3.7 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2018	7.0±0.6 a	6.6±0.4 a	7.0±0.1 a	61.5±2.1 b	70.5±4.8 a	77.4±3.7 a	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2019	6.6±0.4 a	8.3±0.4 a	7.5±1.0 a	72.4±2.8 a	69.6±1.9 a	69.9±0.4 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
年份 Year	Pb			Cu			Zn
年份 Year	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm
2015	24.3±2.2 b	23.5±0.6 b	22.3±1.2 b	22.4±0.9 b	21.3±0.1 b	21.4±0.3 b	78.5±6.1 b	71.2±5.8 ab	70.3±4.5 a
2016	26.4±1.4 b	24.8±0.9 b	22.8±0.2 b	21.5±1.2 b	19.9±0.6 b	22.1±0.8 b	75.5±3.3 b	70.3±3.7 ab	70.6±1.6 a
2017	24.7±0.4 b	22.6±2.1 b	23.2±1.7 b	24.1±0.4 ab	24.2±0.3 a	23.4±1.9 b	76.0±5.9 b	67.8±5.0 b	67.4±4.8 a
2018	23.0±3.1 b	30.9±1.9 a	33.9±1.7 a	28.3±2.2 a	24.3±1.4 a	25.0±1.3 a	77.9±2.7 b	73.0±3.9 ab	76.5±4.7 a
2019	35.6±0.4 a	37.6±3.8 a	25.4±1.1 ab	27.0±1.5 a	25.3±2.7 a	25.2±0.1 a	85.0±3.3 a	80.0±5.2 a	79.0±2.5 a

年份 Year	As			Cr			Cd
年份 Year	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm
2015	5.1±0.9 b	5.5±0.5 b	5.3±0.8 b	65.6±0.8 b	64.6±5.7 b	66.0±4.1 a	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2016	5.5±0.0 b	5.9±0.4 b	5.2±0.1 b	64.9±5.4 b	65.3±1.8 b	66.6±1.2 a	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2017	5.6±0.8 b	6.3±1.1 a	7.5±0.4 a	69.1±2.6 a	77.0±2.3 a	69.6±3.7 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2018	7.0±0.6 a	6.6±0.4 a	7.0±0.1 a	61.5±2.1 b	70.5±4.8 a	77.4±3.7 a	0.2±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
2019	6.6±0.4 a	8.3±0.4 a	7.5±1.0 a	72.4±2.8 a	69.6±1.9 a	69.9±0.4 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a	0.1±0.1 a
年份 Year	Pb			Cu			Zn
年份 Year	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~60 cm
2015	24.3±2.2 b	23.5±0.6 b	22.3±1.2 b	22.4±0.9 b	21.3±0.1 b	21.4±0.3 b	78.5±6.1 b	71.2±5.8 ab	70.3±4.5 a
2016	26.4±1.4 b	24.8±0.9 b	22.8±0.2 b	21.5±1.2 b	19.9±0.6 b	22.1±0.8 b	75.5±3.3 b	70.3±3.7 ab	70.6±1.6 a
2017	24.7±0.4 b	22.6±2.1 b	23.2±1.7 b	24.1±0.4 ab	24.2±0.3 a	23.4±1.9 b	76.0±5.9 b	67.8±5.0 b	67.4±4.8 a
2018	23.0±3.1 b	30.9±1.9 a	33.9±1.7 a	28.3±2.2 a	24.3±1.4 a	25.0±1.3 a	77.9±2.7 b	73.0±3.9 ab	76.5±4.7 a
2019	35.6±0.4 a	37.6±3.8 a	25.4±1.1 ab	27.0±1.5 a	25.3±2.7 a	25.2±0.1 a	85.0±3.3 a	80.0±5.2 a	79.0±2.5 a