Phenotypic diversity in 27 Acer species

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221607

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 2621-2635.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221607

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Phenotypic diversity in 27 Acer species

ZHAI Yilan(), ZHANG Chulei, CHU Aixiang^*(), GAO Junge, XIA Qingqing, LU Zhichang

College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, Henan, China

Received:2022-11-14 Online:2023-11-25 Published:2023-12-04

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the feasibility of evaluating the diversity of Acer germplasm resources based on qualitative and quantitative traits, and to provide reference for the evaluation of Acer germplasm resources and the breeding of new varieties, the data of 60 qualitative traits and 13 quantitative traits of 27 Acer species were collected, and the quality trait indexes were graded by assignment method. On the basis of diversity analysis of all phenotypic traits and one-way ANOVA of some quantitative traits, the data were analyzed by principal component analysis and systematic cluster analysis. The diversity index and variation degree of quantitative traits of Acer were higher than those of qualitative traits. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that the index differences of 11 quantitative traits among 27 Acer species reached a significant level (P<0.001). The variation coefficients of petiole length, nutlet length, samara length width ratio, single leaf length width ratio, single leaf width and nutlet thickness were abundant, and the genetic characteristics of petal number and calyx number were relatively stable. The results of genetic diversity index showed that Acer was a group with high differentiation level in morphology, and most traits had extensive variation between groups and species. Further principal component analysis was carried out, and 73 phenotypic character indexes were transformed into 13 principal components. These 13 principal components could reflect the main characteristic information of phenotypic traits of 27 Acer species. The original data of 73 traits of 27 Acer species were standardized, and they were clustered into 3 groups by Euclidean distance and intergroup connection method. It was found that the first classification standard of Acer species was leaf type, the second classification standard was flowering time, and the third classification standard was inflorescence location, flower sex, inflorescence type, number of single leaf lobes and leaf margin characteristics. It is feasible to analyze and evaluate the diversity of Acer germplasm resources based on qualitative and quantitative traits.

Key words: Acer plant, phenotypic diversity, qualitative trait, quantitative trait, principal component analysis, cluster analysis

CLC Number:

S792.35

ZHAI Yilan, ZHANG Chulei, CHU Aixiang, GAO Junge, XIA Qingqing, LU Zhichang. Phenotypic diversity in 27 Acer species[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(11): 2621-2635.

Figures/Tables 7

References 41

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材料Material	来源地Source	材料Material	来源地Source
建始槭 A. henryi	洛阳市隋唐城遗址植物园 Luoyang Sui and Tang Dynasties City Ruins Botanical Garden	银槭 A. saccharinum	栾川县祥王种植专业合作社 Luanchuan Xiangwang Planting Cooperative
血皮槭 A. griseum	洛阳市隋唐城遗址植物园 Luoyang Sui and Tang Dynasties City Ruins Botanical Garden	青榨槭 A. davidii	栾川县伏牛山老界岭 Laojie Mountain, Funiu Mountain, Luanchuan County
红枫 A. Palmatum ‘Atopurpureum’	洛阳市隋唐城遗址植物园 Luoyang Sui and Tang Dynasties City Ruins Botanical Garden	葛萝枫 A. grosseri	栾川县伏牛山老界岭 Laojie Mountain, Funiu Mountain, Luanchuan County
茶条槭 A. ginnala	洛阳市文博体育广场 Luoyang Wenbo Sports Square	庙台槭 A. miaotaiense	栾川县伏牛山老界岭 Laojie Mountain, Funiu Mountain, Luanchuan County
三峡槭 A. wilsonii	国花园 National Flower Park of China	金叶鸡爪槭 A. duplicatoserratum	栾川县槭属植物引种基地 Acer Introduction Base in Luanchuan County
十月辉煌 A. rubrum ‘October Glory’	国花园 National Flower Park of China	秦岭槭 A. tsinglingense	栾川县槭属植物引种基地 Acer Introduction Base in Luanchuan County
五角枫 A. mono	洛浦秋枫园 Luopu Autumn Maple Garden	红赤枫 A.palmatum ‘Sango-kaku’	栾川县槭属植物引种基地 Acer Introduction Base in Luanchuan County
元宝枫 A. truncatum	洛浦秋枫园 Luopu Autumn Maple Garden	苦茶槭 A. ginnala subsp. theiferum	栾川县槭属植物引种基地 Acer Introduction Base in Luanchuan County
三角枫 A. buergerianum	西苑公园 Xiyuan Park	五裂槭 A. oliverianum	栾川县槭属植物引种基地 Acer Introduction Base in Luanchuan County
秀丽槭 A. elegantulum	西苑公园 Xiyuan Park	青枫 A. serrulatum	栾川县槭属植物引种基地 Acer Introduction Base in Luanchuan County
夕阳红 A. rubrum ‘Red Sunset’	河南科技大学开元校区 Kaiyuan Campus of Henan University of Science and Technology	飞蛾槭 A. oblongum	河南科技大学开元校区 Kaiyuan Campus of Henan University of Science and Technology
秋天火焰 A. rubrum ‘Autumn Blaze’	河南科技大学开元校区 Kaiyuan Campus of Henan University of Science and Technology	三裂飞蛾槭 A. oblongum var. trilobum	河南科技大学开元校区 Kaiyuan Campus of Henan University of Science and Technology
鸡爪槭 A. palmatum	河南科技大学开元校区 Kaiyuan Campus of Henan University of Science and Technology	中华槭 A. sinense	河南科技大学开元校区 Kaiyuan Campus of Henan University of Science and Technology
复叶槭 A. negundo	河南科技大学开元校区 Kaiyuan Campus of Henan University of Science and Technology

材料Material	来源地Source	材料Material	来源地Source
建始槭 A. henryi	洛阳市隋唐城遗址植物园 Luoyang Sui and Tang Dynasties City Ruins Botanical Garden	银槭 A. saccharinum	栾川县祥王种植专业合作社 Luanchuan Xiangwang Planting Cooperative
血皮槭 A. griseum	洛阳市隋唐城遗址植物园 Luoyang Sui and Tang Dynasties City Ruins Botanical Garden	青榨槭 A. davidii	栾川县伏牛山老界岭 Laojie Mountain, Funiu Mountain, Luanchuan County
红枫 A. Palmatum ‘Atopurpureum’	洛阳市隋唐城遗址植物园 Luoyang Sui and Tang Dynasties City Ruins Botanical Garden	葛萝枫 A. grosseri	栾川县伏牛山老界岭 Laojie Mountain, Funiu Mountain, Luanchuan County
茶条槭 A. ginnala	洛阳市文博体育广场 Luoyang Wenbo Sports Square	庙台槭 A. miaotaiense	栾川县伏牛山老界岭 Laojie Mountain, Funiu Mountain, Luanchuan County
三峡槭 A. wilsonii	国花园 National Flower Park of China	金叶鸡爪槭 A. duplicatoserratum	栾川县槭属植物引种基地 Acer Introduction Base in Luanchuan County
十月辉煌 A. rubrum ‘October Glory’	国花园 National Flower Park of China	秦岭槭 A. tsinglingense	栾川县槭属植物引种基地 Acer Introduction Base in Luanchuan County
五角枫 A. mono	洛浦秋枫园 Luopu Autumn Maple Garden	红赤枫 A.palmatum ‘Sango-kaku’	栾川县槭属植物引种基地 Acer Introduction Base in Luanchuan County
元宝枫 A. truncatum	洛浦秋枫园 Luopu Autumn Maple Garden	苦茶槭 A. ginnala subsp. theiferum	栾川县槭属植物引种基地 Acer Introduction Base in Luanchuan County
三角枫 A. buergerianum	西苑公园 Xiyuan Park	五裂槭 A. oliverianum	栾川县槭属植物引种基地 Acer Introduction Base in Luanchuan County
秀丽槭 A. elegantulum	西苑公园 Xiyuan Park	青枫 A. serrulatum	栾川县槭属植物引种基地 Acer Introduction Base in Luanchuan County
夕阳红 A. rubrum ‘Red Sunset’	河南科技大学开元校区 Kaiyuan Campus of Henan University of Science and Technology	飞蛾槭 A. oblongum	河南科技大学开元校区 Kaiyuan Campus of Henan University of Science and Technology
秋天火焰 A. rubrum ‘Autumn Blaze’	河南科技大学开元校区 Kaiyuan Campus of Henan University of Science and Technology	三裂飞蛾槭 A. oblongum var. trilobum	河南科技大学开元校区 Kaiyuan Campus of Henan University of Science and Technology
鸡爪槭 A. palmatum	河南科技大学开元校区 Kaiyuan Campus of Henan University of Science and Technology	中华槭 A. sinense	河南科技大学开元校区 Kaiyuan Campus of Henan University of Science and Technology
复叶槭 A. negundo	河南科技大学开元校区 Kaiyuan Campus of Henan University of Science and Technology

性状Character	编码情况说明Explanation of coding situation
树型TT	0,灌木Shrub;1,小乔木Small arbor;2,乔木Arbor
树皮颜色BC	0,灰色Grey;1,灰褐色Taupe;2,黄褐色Tawny;3,褐色Brown;4,赤褐Russet;5,深褐色Dark brown;6,绿色Green
树皮形态BM	0,光滑Smooth;1,裂纹cracked;2,剥落Spalling
皮孔形状LS	0,圆形Circular;1,卵形Ovoid;2,不明显Not obvious
枝形BS	0直立Erect;1,半开张Semi open;2,开张Opening;3,下垂Drooping
幼枝粗细TOYB	0,粗Crude;1,中等Medium;2,细Thin
当年生枝颜色COCYB	0,绿色Green;1,紫绿色Purplish green;2,紫色Violet;3,红褐色Reddish brown
多年生枝颜色COPB	0,灰色Grey;1,灰褐色Taupe;2,黄褐色Tawny;3,褐色Brown;4,绿色Green;5,褐绿色Maroon;6,灰紫色Grayish purple;7,紫褐色Aubergine;8深紫色Dark purple
幼枝毛被YBI	0,无Nothing;1,疏Sparse;2,中等Medium;3,密Dense
幼枝被白粉YBCWWP	0,无Nothing;1,有Yes
冬芽大小WBS	0,小Small;1,大Big
冬芽芽鳞WB-S	0,覆叠Overlap;1,镊合状排列Tweezer arrangement
叶型BP	0,单叶Simple leaf;1,3小叶3 leaflet;2,羽状复叶Pinnate leaf
单叶裂片数NOSLL	0,不裂Unbroken;1,3裂3 crack;2,3~5裂3-5 crack;3,>5裂>5 crack
单叶叶形ULS	0,圆形Circular;1,椭圆形Ellipse;2,卵形Ovoid;3,掌形Palm shape
叶缘锯齿类型BEST	0,无Nothing;1,单锯齿Single serration;2,重锯齿Double serration
叶缘锯齿数NOBES	0,无Nothing;1,少Less;2,多Many
叶缘锯齿形态BESS	0,无Nothing;1,钝圆Obtuse circle;2,锐尖Sharp
叶质地F	0,纸质Paper;1,革质Leathery
叶尖T	0,钝Blunt;1,渐尖Acuminate;2,急尖Acute cusp
叶基LB	0,心形Heart shape;1,截形Truncate;2,楔形Wedge;3,圆形Circular
叶凹缺LL	0,无Nothing;1,锐尖Sharp;2,钝Blunt
叶凹缺深度LID	0,深达基部Deep to the base;1,2/3;2,中段Middle part;3,1/3;4,无Nothing
腹部叶脉被毛VVC	0,无毛Hairless;1,有毛Hairiness
背部叶脉被毛LVHOTB	0,无毛Hairless;1,脉腋有毛Hairy vein axils;2,有毛Hairiness
腹部叶色ALC	0,绿色Green;1,淡紫绿色Lilac green;2,深绿色Dark green;3,紫红色Purplish red
背部叶色BLC	0,银白色Silvery white;1,淡绿色Light green;2,黄绿色Yellowish green;3,绿色Green;4,紫红色Purplish red
叶被白粉LWP	0,无Nothing;1,有Have
叶腹部被毛POL	0,无Nothing;1,疏Sparse;2,中等Medium;3,密Dense
叶背部被毛LDC	0,无Nothing;1,有Have
叶柄颜色PC	0,绿色Green;1,紫绿色Purplish green;2,紫色Violet;3,紫红色Purplish red;4,红色Red
叶柄毛被PI	0,无Nothing;1,疏Sparse;2,中等Medium;3,密Dense
幼嫩翅果颜色COYS	0,绿色Green;1,紫绿色Purplish green;2,紫色Violet;3,紫红色Purplish red;4,红色Red
成熟翅果颜色COMS	0,黄色Yellow;1,棕黄色Pale brown;2,黄褐色Tawny
双翅果的角度AODS	0,锐角Acute angle;1,直角Right angle;2,钝角Obtuse angle
花序类型IT	0,伞房状Corymbose;1,总状Raceme;2,聚伞状Cyme;3,圆锥状Panicle;4,穗状花序Spike;5,雄花聚伞花序、雌花总状花序Male cyme, female raceme
雌雄是否同株WTMAFAM	0,是Yes;1,否No
花下叶量AOLUF	0,2~3对2-3 pairs;1,1对1 pair;2,0对0 pair
花序位置IP	0,顶生或侧生Terminal or lateral;1,仅侧生Lateral only
花序被毛I-T	0,无毛Hairless;1,有毛Hairiness
单花序上花朵数NOFOASI	0,<20;1,20~50;2,>50~100;3,>100
花大小FS	0,很小Smaller;1,小Small;2,中等Medium;3,较大Big;4,大Bigger
花瓣形状PS	0,披针形Lanceolate;1,倒卵形Obovate;2,卵形Ovoid;3,长圆形Oval shape;4,椭圆形Ellipse;5,近圆形Subcircula;6,无花瓣Apetalous
雄蕊数SN	0,<8;1,8;2,>8
雄蕊相对于花盘的位置TPOSRTTD	0,在花盘内侧Inside the disc;1,在花盘外侧On the outside of the disc;2,无花盘Diskless
花盘开裂DD	0,不裂Unbroken;1,微裂Microfracture;2,无花盘Diskless
性状Character		编码情况说明Explanation of coding situation
花性F-S		0,杂性Heterozygosity;1,单性Unisex
子房被毛OC		0,无毛Hairless;1,有毛Hairiness
花梗颜色P-C		0,黄绿色Yellowish green;1,绿色Green;2,紫红色Purplish red
花梗长度P-L		0,很短Shorter;1,短Short;2,较长Long;3,长Longer
花梗粗细PT		0,细Fine;1,较粗Crude;2,粗Cruder
花梗被毛P-T		0,无毛Hairless;1,有毛Hairiness
花萼颜色CC		0,黄绿色Yellowish green;1,绿色Green;2,红色Red;3,紫红色Purplish red;4,无花萼Acatalous
花萼被毛CT		0,无毛Hairless;1,有毛Hairiness
花药颜色AC		0,黄色Yellow;1,绿色Green;2,红色Red;3,紫红色Purplish red
花丝颜色FC		0,白色White;1,黄色Yellow;2,绿色Green;3,红色Red
花丝被毛F-C		0,无毛Hairless;1,有毛Hairiness
花色D		0,黄绿色Yellowish green;1,绿色Green;2,紫色Purple;3,红色Red;4,白色White
开花时间FT		0,先花后叶Flowers before leaves;1,花叶近同时Leaf near simultaneity;2,先叶后花Leaves before flowers
秋叶颜色ALL		0,红色Red;1,黄色Yellow;2,橙黄色Orange;3,金黄色Golden;4,橘黄色Saffron yellow;5,绿色Green;6,紫色Purple;7,异色Heterochromatic

性状Character	编码情况说明Explanation of coding situation
树型TT	0,灌木Shrub;1,小乔木Small arbor;2,乔木Arbor
树皮颜色BC	0,灰色Grey;1,灰褐色Taupe;2,黄褐色Tawny;3,褐色Brown;4,赤褐Russet;5,深褐色Dark brown;6,绿色Green
树皮形态BM	0,光滑Smooth;1,裂纹cracked;2,剥落Spalling
皮孔形状LS	0,圆形Circular;1,卵形Ovoid;2,不明显Not obvious
枝形BS	0直立Erect;1,半开张Semi open;2,开张Opening;3,下垂Drooping
幼枝粗细TOYB	0,粗Crude;1,中等Medium;2,细Thin
当年生枝颜色COCYB	0,绿色Green;1,紫绿色Purplish green;2,紫色Violet;3,红褐色Reddish brown
多年生枝颜色COPB	0,灰色Grey;1,灰褐色Taupe;2,黄褐色Tawny;3,褐色Brown;4,绿色Green;5,褐绿色Maroon;6,灰紫色Grayish purple;7,紫褐色Aubergine;8深紫色Dark purple
幼枝毛被YBI	0,无Nothing;1,疏Sparse;2,中等Medium;3,密Dense
幼枝被白粉YBCWWP	0,无Nothing;1,有Yes
冬芽大小WBS	0,小Small;1,大Big
冬芽芽鳞WB-S	0,覆叠Overlap;1,镊合状排列Tweezer arrangement
叶型BP	0,单叶Simple leaf;1,3小叶3 leaflet;2,羽状复叶Pinnate leaf
单叶裂片数NOSLL	0,不裂Unbroken;1,3裂3 crack;2,3~5裂3-5 crack;3,>5裂>5 crack
单叶叶形ULS	0,圆形Circular;1,椭圆形Ellipse;2,卵形Ovoid;3,掌形Palm shape
叶缘锯齿类型BEST	0,无Nothing;1,单锯齿Single serration;2,重锯齿Double serration
叶缘锯齿数NOBES	0,无Nothing;1,少Less;2,多Many
叶缘锯齿形态BESS	0,无Nothing;1,钝圆Obtuse circle;2,锐尖Sharp
叶质地F	0,纸质Paper;1,革质Leathery
叶尖T	0,钝Blunt;1,渐尖Acuminate;2,急尖Acute cusp
叶基LB	0,心形Heart shape;1,截形Truncate;2,楔形Wedge;3,圆形Circular
叶凹缺LL	0,无Nothing;1,锐尖Sharp;2,钝Blunt
叶凹缺深度LID	0,深达基部Deep to the base;1,2/3;2,中段Middle part;3,1/3;4,无Nothing
腹部叶脉被毛VVC	0,无毛Hairless;1,有毛Hairiness
背部叶脉被毛LVHOTB	0,无毛Hairless;1,脉腋有毛Hairy vein axils;2,有毛Hairiness
腹部叶色ALC	0,绿色Green;1,淡紫绿色Lilac green;2,深绿色Dark green;3,紫红色Purplish red
背部叶色BLC	0,银白色Silvery white;1,淡绿色Light green;2,黄绿色Yellowish green;3,绿色Green;4,紫红色Purplish red
叶被白粉LWP	0,无Nothing;1,有Have
叶腹部被毛POL	0,无Nothing;1,疏Sparse;2,中等Medium;3,密Dense
叶背部被毛LDC	0,无Nothing;1,有Have
叶柄颜色PC	0,绿色Green;1,紫绿色Purplish green;2,紫色Violet;3,紫红色Purplish red;4,红色Red
叶柄毛被PI	0,无Nothing;1,疏Sparse;2,中等Medium;3,密Dense
幼嫩翅果颜色COYS	0,绿色Green;1,紫绿色Purplish green;2,紫色Violet;3,紫红色Purplish red;4,红色Red
成熟翅果颜色COMS	0,黄色Yellow;1,棕黄色Pale brown;2,黄褐色Tawny
双翅果的角度AODS	0,锐角Acute angle;1,直角Right angle;2,钝角Obtuse angle
花序类型IT	0,伞房状Corymbose;1,总状Raceme;2,聚伞状Cyme;3,圆锥状Panicle;4,穗状花序Spike;5,雄花聚伞花序、雌花总状花序Male cyme, female raceme
雌雄是否同株WTMAFAM	0,是Yes;1,否No
花下叶量AOLUF	0,2~3对2-3 pairs;1,1对1 pair;2,0对0 pair
花序位置IP	0,顶生或侧生Terminal or lateral;1,仅侧生Lateral only
花序被毛I-T	0,无毛Hairless;1,有毛Hairiness
单花序上花朵数NOFOASI	0,<20;1,20~50;2,>50~100;3,>100
花大小FS	0,很小Smaller;1,小Small;2,中等Medium;3,较大Big;4,大Bigger
花瓣形状PS	0,披针形Lanceolate;1,倒卵形Obovate;2,卵形Ovoid;3,长圆形Oval shape;4,椭圆形Ellipse;5,近圆形Subcircula;6,无花瓣Apetalous
雄蕊数SN	0,<8;1,8;2,>8
雄蕊相对于花盘的位置TPOSRTTD	0,在花盘内侧Inside the disc;1,在花盘外侧On the outside of the disc;2,无花盘Diskless
花盘开裂DD	0,不裂Unbroken;1,微裂Microfracture;2,无花盘Diskless
性状Character		编码情况说明Explanation of coding situation
花性F-S		0,杂性Heterozygosity;1,单性Unisex
子房被毛OC		0,无毛Hairless;1,有毛Hairiness
花梗颜色P-C		0,黄绿色Yellowish green;1,绿色Green;2,紫红色Purplish red
花梗长度P-L		0,很短Shorter;1,短Short;2,较长Long;3,长Longer
花梗粗细PT		0,细Fine;1,较粗Crude;2,粗Cruder
花梗被毛P-T		0,无毛Hairless;1,有毛Hairiness
花萼颜色CC		0,黄绿色Yellowish green;1,绿色Green;2,红色Red;3,紫红色Purplish red;4,无花萼Acatalous
花萼被毛CT		0,无毛Hairless;1,有毛Hairiness
花药颜色AC		0,黄色Yellow;1,绿色Green;2,红色Red;3,紫红色Purplish red
花丝颜色FC		0,白色White;1,黄色Yellow;2,绿色Green;3,红色Red
花丝被毛F-C		0,无毛Hairless;1,有毛Hairiness
花色D		0,黄绿色Yellowish green;1,绿色Green;2,紫色Purple;3,红色Red;4,白色White
开花时间FT		0,先花后叶Flowers before leaves;1,花叶近同时Leaf near simultaneity;2,先叶后花Leaves before flowers
秋叶颜色ALL		0,红色Red;1,黄色Yellow;2,橙黄色Orange;3,金黄色Golden;4,橘黄色Saffron yellow;5,绿色Green;6,紫色Purple;7,异色Heterochromatic

性状 Character	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	极差 Range	平均值 Mean	标准误 Standard error	方差 Variance	变异系数 CV/%	H'	D
单叶长SLL/cm	5.05	11.86	6.81	8.34	0.37	3.71	23.14	1.992 0	0.857 3
单叶宽SLW/cm	3.28	12.54	9.26	8.02	0.52	7.33	33.79	2.000 7	0.852 1
单叶长宽比LWROSL	0.71	2.19	1.48	1.15	0.08	0.19	38.26	1.588 4	0.739 2
叶柄长度PL/cm	0.91	10.39	9.48	5.21	0.44	5.15	43.57	1.790 9	0.758 8
翅果长SL/cm	1.39	4.00	2.61	2.57	0.11	0.31	21.40	1.938 5	0.822 8
翅果宽SW/cm	0.47	1.46	0.99	0.87	0.04	0.04	21.84	1.921 4	0.831 1
翅果长宽比LWROS	2.40	3.97	1.57	2.99	0.07	0.14	12.37	1.832 3	0.817 7
小坚果长NG/cm	0.36	1.81	1.45	0.82	0.06	0.11	39.02	1.667 6	0.760 2
小坚果宽NW/cm	0.20	1.01	0.91	0.50	0.03	0.03	36.00	1.540 4	0.708 4
小坚果长宽比LWROSN	1.05	4.03	2.98	1.71	0.12	0.40	36.84	1.740 7	0.795 4
小坚果厚度NT/cm	0.15	0.64	0.49	0.32	0.02	0.01	31.25	1.870 8	0.818 9
花瓣数PN/disc	0	5.00	5.00	4.78	0.19	0.95	20.29	0.325 1	0.131 9
花萼数CN/disc	0	5.00	5.00	4.78	0.19	0.95	20.29	0.325 1	0.131 9

Phenotypic diversity in 27 Acer species

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性状Character	H'	D	性状Character	H'	D	性状Character	H'	D
树型TT	0.844 2	0.490 6	叶基LB	1.033 1	0.570 6	单花序上花朵数NOFOAST	1.265 3	0.700 6
树皮颜色BC	1.496 3	0.722 7	叶凹缺LL	0.960 7	0.589 4	花大小FS	1.285 4	0.682 8
树皮形态BM	0.974 6	0.585 0	叶凹缺深度LID	1.448 8	0.741 5	花瓣形状PS	1.751 0	0.794 7
皮孔形状LS	0.959 9	0.567 4	腹部叶脉被毛VVC	0.346 5	0.195 8	雄蕊数SN	1.069 9	0.607 2
枝形BS	0.966 3	0.504 5	背部叶脉被毛LVHOTB	1.072 6	0.648 8	雄蕊相对于花盘的位置TPOSRTTD	0.664 5	0.364 2
幼枝粗细TOYB	0.974 6	0.585 0	腹部叶色ALC	1.103 8	0.601 8	花盘开裂DD	0.891 7	0.556 6
当年生枝颜色COCYB	1.130 1	0.622 6	背部叶色BLC	0.987 8	0.497 9	花性F-S	0.610 9	0.420 0
多年生枝颜色COPB	2.035 4	0.854 1	叶被白粉LWP	0.610 9	0.420 0	子房被毛OC	0.685 9	0.492 8
幼枝毛被YBI	0.671 1	0.328 6	叶腹部被毛POL	0.418 6	0.201 4	花梗颜色P-C	0.808 0	0.513 4
幼枝被白粉YBCWWP	0.253 6	0.130 2	叶背部被毛LDC	0.526 9	0.343 2	花梗长度P-L	1.078 1	0.610 9
冬芽大小WBS	0.346 5	0.198 5	叶柄颜色PC	0.881 9	0.606 1	花梗粗细PT	0.891 7	0.556 6
冬芽芽鳞WB-S	0.486 2	0.307 8	叶柄毛被PI	0.837 2	0.426 6	花梗被毛P-T	0.676 9	0.483 8
叶型BP	0.418 6	0.201 4	幼嫩翅果颜色COYS	1.238 4	0.628 8	花萼颜色CC	1.364 2	0.711 6
单叶裂片数NOSLL	1.535 1	0.775 4	成熟翅果颜色COMS	0.808 0	0.461 8	花萼被毛CT	0.634 2	0.442 2
单叶叶形ULS	1.307 7	0.698 1	双翅果角度AODS	0.933 4	0.565 4	花药颜色AC	0.955 4	0.501 3
叶缘锯齿类型BEST	1.046 6	0.631 2	花序类型IT	1.282 4	0.609 2	花丝颜色FC	1.190 4	0.669 6
叶缘锯齿数NOBES	1.086 4	0.658 3	雌雄是否同株WTMAFAM	0.573 0	0.384 8	花丝被毛F-C	0.685 9	0.492 8
叶缘锯齿形态BESS	1.066 6	0.646 6	花下叶量AOLUF	0.908 8	0.532 2	花色D	1.407 8	0.718 5
叶质地F	0.346 5	0.195 8	花序位置IP	0.346 5	0.195 8	开花时间FT	1.095 0	0.664 2
叶尖T	0.946 1	0.561 8	花序被毛I-T	0.692 3	0.499 2	秋叶颜色ALL	1.496 7	0.647 7

性状 Trait	主成分Principal component
性状 Trait	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9		10		11		12	13
叶型BP	0.810	0.043	-0.216	0.244	-0.097	-0.009	0.019	-0.288	0.141		0.164		-0.035		0.138	0.224
开花时间FT	-0.512	0.079	-0.153	0.220	-0.449	-0.096	0.095	-0.194	-0.336		0.105		0.225		0.218	0.037
花序位置IP	0.736	-0.116	-0.216	0.350	-0.335	-0.052	-0.129	0.099	-0.217		-0.090		-0.139		-0.092	-0.005
花性FS	0.718	-0.365	0.144	-0.092	0.082	0.039	0.272	0.279	-0.112		-0.067		-0.101		-0.177	-0.161
花序类型IT	0.596	-0.193	-0.173	0.287	0.054	-0.112	0.375	-0.256	-0.154		-0.215		0.088		0.223	0.077
单叶裂片数	-0.409	-0.670	0.419	-0.221	-0.077	0.141	-0.011	-0.148	0.205		0.023		-0.054		-0.102	-0.149
NOSLL
叶缘锯齿类型	-0.029	-0.639	-0.259	0.279	0.262	0.037	0.081	0.135	0.164		0.482		0.018		-0.036	-0.129
BEST
叶缘锯齿数	0.030	0.429	-0.434	-0.348	0.449	0.184	-0.092	0.102	0.186		-0.073		-0.054		-0.012	-0.163
NOBES
叶缘锯齿形态	-0.316	-0.594	-0.290	0.432	0.104	-0.039	0.165	-0.025	0.163		0.323		0.151		-0.146	-0.029
BESS
叶凹缺深度LL	0.516	0.543	-0.314	0.135	0.256	-0.027	0.194	0.126	-0.139		-0.044		-0.030		-0.025	0.241
树型TT	0.160	0.020	0.291	0.017	0.575	-0.072	0.275	0.159	-0.089		-0.368		-0.081		-0.090	0.215
树皮颜色BC	0.210	0.110	0.029	0.290	0.027	-0.206	0.603	-0.185	-0.105		-0.350		0.195		0.128	0.194
树皮形态BM	-0.104	0.869	0.006	-0.223	0.016	0.062	0.085	0.010	0.113		-0.009		-0.089		0.081	0.018
皮孔形状LS	-0.084	-0.556	0.151	-0.012	-0.161	0.075	0.081	0.207	-0.367		0.229		-0.130		0.029	-0.047
枝形BS	-0.480	0.331	-0.091	0.065	0.216	-0.309	0.021	0.224	0.244		-0.403		-0.030		-0.024	-0.095
幼枝粗细TOYB	-0.558	0.175	-0.564	0.198	0.042	0.102	0.130	0.234	0.039		0.129		0.097		0.104	-0.037
当年生枝颜色	0.019	0.311	0.510	0.048	-0.175	0.408	0.021	0.401	0.141		-0.064		-0.270		0.296	-0.044
COCYB
多年生枝颜色	-0.308	-0.198	-0.035	0.707	-0.198	-0.072	0.344	0.064	0.347		0.041		-0.150		0.040	0.052
COPB
幼枝毛被YBI	0.310	0.088	0.069	0.636	-0.208	0.202	-0.079	0.269	0.077		-0.096		0.040		-0.236	-0.158
幼枝被白粉	0.369	-0.293	-0.422	-0.024	-0.012	-0.050	-0.147	-0.215	0.438		-0.094		-0.270		0.009	0.198
YBCWWP
冬芽大小WBS	0.054	0.021	-0.058	0.291	0.313	-0.403	0.017	0.645	-0.295		0.017		-0.187		-0.027	0.021
冬芽芽鳞WB-S	0.573	-0.168	-0.225	0.087	0.490	0.053	0.101	0.124	-0.367		0.109		-0.066		0.038	0.181
单叶叶形ULS	-0.123	-0.059	0.039	-0.032	-0.409	-0.484	0.153	-0.223	0.131		-0.178		0.110		-0.376	0.219
叶质地F	-0.111	0.596	-0.238	-0.407	-0.352	0.264	0.153	0.229	-0.012		-0.147		-0.088		0.108	0.109
叶尖T	0.370	-0.033	-0.382	0.107	0.318	0.199	-0.365	0.056	0.251		-0.019		0.021		-0.121	0.140
叶基LB	0.337	0.541	-0.365	-0.087	-0.226	0.129	0.118	0.105	-0.114		0.120		-0.196		-0.183	-0.352
单叶长SLL	0.272	-0.117	0.414	-0.363	0.081	-0.088	-0.118	0.212	-0.109		0.233		0.459		0.219	0.098
单叶宽SLW	-0.213	-0.452	0.589	-0.314	-0.171	-0.270	-0.258	0.012	-0.114		-0.022		0.160		0.192	-0.052
单叶长宽比	0.480	0.515	-0.311	0.180	0.189	0.264	0.176	0.032	0.000		0.274		0.155		-0.092	0.138
LWROSL
叶凹缺LL	0.481	-0.154	0.429	-0.034	-0.157	0.220	0.135	-0.299	0.088		0.005		0.198		-0.088	-0.239
腹部叶脉被毛	0.027	0.339	0.420	0.504	0.155	0.209	-0.212	-0.093	0.428		-0.050		0.034		0.071	0.062
VVC
背部叶脉被毛	0.079	-0.139	0.511	0.604	0.133	-0.139	0.001	0.047	-0.083		-0.049		0.086		0.412	-0.030
LVHOTB
腹部叶色ALC	-0.177	-0.207	-0.121	0.046	0.314	-0.271	-0.440	-0.155	-0.134		-0.141		-0.387		0.336	-0.375
背部叶色BLC	-0.119	0.079	0.014	0.061	-0.365	0.672	0.033	0.087	-0.130		0.251		-0.027		0.233	0.164
叶被白粉LWP	0.424	0.329	0.089	-0.433	-0.261	0.141	0.342	0.188	0.399		0.020		0.008		0.162	0.097
叶腹部被毛POL	0.120	0.153	0.422	0.273	0.138	0.321	-0.497	-0.101	-0.032		-0.302		0.104		-0.067	0.179
叶背部被毛LDC	0.227	0.118	0.431	0.618	-0.107	0.261	-0.105	0.083	0.115		-0.026		0.152		-0.049	-0.203
叶柄颜色PC	-0.007	-0.335	0.405	-0.032	-0.124	-0.065	0.008	0.672	0.121		0.161		0.257		0.077	0.014
叶柄长度PL	0.064	-0.009	0.709	-0.345	0.049	0.096	-0.109	-0.072	-0.287		-0.228		0.108		-0.266	-0.050
叶柄毛被PI	0.386	0.256	0.313	0.583	-0.075	0.299	-0.257	-0.164	-0.052		0.095		-0.081		-0.001	0.179
幼嫩翅果颜色	-0.087	-0.585	0.116	0.063	0.225	0.478	0.337	-0.014	0.103		-0.162		-0.219		0.071	-0.164
COYS
成熟翅果颜色	0.229	0.321	-0.130	-0.205	0.434	0.463	-0.063	-0.068	0.191		0.036		0.016		0.256	-0.097
COMS
翅果长SL	0.659	0.291	0.448	0.096	0.199	-0.095	0.168	-0.153	-0.070		0.210		0.036		0.099	0.042
翅果宽SW	0.286	0.459	0.589	0.036	0.115	-0.144	0.269	-0.061	0.015		0.367		-0.124		0.033	0.045
翅果长宽比	0.671	-0.249	-0.241	0.165	0.107	0.117	-0.165	-0.256	-0.119		-0.294		0.283		0.119	-0.045
LWROS
双翅果角度AODS	-0.394	-0.639	0.378	0.130	0.276	0.000	-0.010	0.117	-0.022		-0.176		-0.020		0.196	0.144
小坚果长NG	0.803	0.125	0.222	-0.216	0.182	-0.113	-0.105	-0.291	0.113		0.118		-0.044		0.064	-0.084
小坚果宽NW	0.157	0.472	0.656	-0.001	0.240	-0.112	-0.226	-0.250	0.045		0.157		-0.243		-0.106	0.029
小坚果长宽比	0.781	-0.214	-0.294	-0.179	0.004	-0.044	0.067	-0.166	0.042		-0.102		0.247		0.255	-0.098
LWROSN
小坚果厚度NT	-0.279	0.538	0.430	0.262	-0.158	-0.413	0.165	-0.025	0.009		0.078		-0.231		0.114	0.091
雌雄是否同株	0.697	-0.051	0.082	0.301	0.062	0.038	0.359	0.062	-0.163		0.105		-0.264		-0.157	-0.055
WTMAFAM
花下叶量AOLUF	0.536	-0.439	0.079	0.358	-0.300	0.110	-0.010	-0.084	-0.060		-0.188		-0.077		-0.102	-0.128
花序被毛I-T	0.467	0.040	0.276	0.285	-0.065	0.117	-0.170	0.392	0.261		0.051		0.333		0.021	-0.082
单花序上花朵数	-0.175	0.602	-0.276	0.203	-0.438	-0.015	0.181	0.070	0.001		0.075		0.150		0.058	-0.263
NOFOASL
花大小FS	-0.424	0.206	0.198	0.144	0.575	-0.407	-0.048	0.102	-0.001	0.281		0.062		0.061		0.124
花瓣数PN	-0.625	0.162	0.138	-0.170	0.373	0.435	0.126	-0.237	-0.095	0.043		0.263		-0.038		0.066
花瓣形状PS	-0.122	-0.403	-0.327	0.241	-0.320	-0.309	-0.418	-0.306	0.153	0.201		0.013		0.169		0.026
雄蕊数SN	-0.508	0.329	-0.062	0.395	0.358	-0.242	-0.193	0.102	0.317	-0.047		0.006		-0.175		0.263
雄蕊相对花盘	0.656	-0.379	0.095	-0.406	0.149	-0.147	0.191	0.122	0.260	0.054		0.033		-0.003		0.042
的位置 TPOSRTTD
花盘开裂DD	0.570	0.151	0.171	-0.444	0.026	-0.301	-0.196	0.186	0.279	0.171		-0.036		0.006		-0.103
子房被毛OC	-0.337	0.499	-0.083	0.346	-0.195	-0.153	0.020	0.206	0.088	-0.087		0.375		0.145		-0.075
花梗颜色P-C	-0.213	-0.677	0.112	-0.245	0.189	0.259	0.050	0.311	0.107	-0.096		-0.145		-0.014		0.176
花梗长度P-L	-0.207	0.112	0.362	0.196	0.228	-0.160	0.450	-0.315	0.235	0.103		-0.171		0.280		-0.233
花梗粗细PT	0.001	0.409	0.627	-0.175	-0.234	-0.229	0.236	-0.148	0.109	-0.002		-0.097		-0.122		-0.186
花梗被毛P-T	0.258	-0.152	0.138	0.108	-0.238	0.076	-0.430	0.198	-0.377	-0.021		-0.215		0.189		0.247
花萼数量CN	-0.625	0.162	0.138	-0.170	0.373	0.435	0.126	-0.237	-0.095	0.043		0.263		-0.038		0.066
花萼颜色CC	0.042	-0.759	0.058	-0.127	-0.206	0.108	0.186	0.071	0.395	0.187		-0.075		0.072		0.147
花萼被毛CT	-0.212	0.169	0.384	0.064	-0.537	0.239	-0.194	-0.001	0.167	-0.060		-0.165		-0.278		0.290
花药颜色AC	-0.220	-0.345	0.202	-0.119	-0.113	0.056	0.557	-0.110	-0.196	0.136		0.020		-0.235		0.244
花丝颜色FC	0.424	0.231	0.025	-0.288	-0.280	-0.237	0.064	0.325	0.013	-0.373		0.166		0.157		-0.013
花丝被毛F-C	0.627	-0.234	-0.082	-0.311	-0.128	0.310	-0.127	0.049	0.360	0.068		0.175		-0.026		0.222
花色D	-0.256	-0.387	-0.051	0.121	-0.034	0.140	0.362	0.009	0.318	-0.493		-0.079		0.229		0.031
秋叶颜色ALL	-0.141	0.126	-0.124	-0.369	0.366	0.065	-0.046	-0.107	-0.073	0.108		-0.297		0.414		0.318
特征值Eigenvalue	12.036	9.808	7.140	5.998	4.936	4.011	3.798	3.262	2.933	2.505		2.150		2.002		1.781
贡献率	16.488	13.436	9.781	8.216	6.762	5.495	5.203	4.469	4.017	3.431		2.945		2.743		2.440
Contribution rate/%
累计贡献率	16.488	29.924	39.705	47.921	54.682	60.177	65.380	69.849	73.866	77.298		80.242		82.986		85.426
Accumulative contribution rate/%

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