Characteristics of phosphorus accumulation and critical value of phosphorus leaching in vegetable soils of Hangzhou Bay, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230636

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 447-455.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230636

• Environmental Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Characteristics of phosphorus accumulation and critical value of phosphorus leaching in vegetable soils of Hangzhou Bay, China

LI Dan¹(), LOU Ling², ZHANG Mingkui³, YUAN Hangjie¹, WANG Jingwen¹^,^*()

1. Hangzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center(Hangzhou Plant Protection Plant Inspection Center), Hangzhou 310020, China
2. Agricultural Ecology and Plant Protection Service Station of Yuhang District, Hangzhou City, Hangzhou 311113, China
3. College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

Received:2023-05-15 Online:2025-02-25 Published:2025-03-20
Contact: WANG Jingwen

Abstract

Abstract:

The soils of vegetable fields in the Hangzhou Bay has high sand content, low clay content and weak nutrient retention capacity. In order to understand the accumulation characteristics and phosphorus leaching risk in the soil under long-term vegetable plantation in Hangzhou Bay, China, 12 soil profiles with different phosphorus accumulation and 136 surface soil samples were collected, the changes of available phosphorus, microbial biomass phosphorus content and phosphorus chemical forms in the soil profiles were identified, and the critical value of soil available phosphorus in the case of obvious phosphorus loss from soil was discussed. The results showed that the phosphorus accumulated in the soil profiles was mainly inorganic phosphorus, and more specifically, HCl extractable inorganic phosphorus. With the accumulation of phosphorus, the contents of available phosphorus and microbial biomass phosphorus in the soil increased, the proportion of water extractable inorganic phosphorus and NaHCO₃ extractable inorganic phosphorus in the total phosphorus increased rapidly, yet the proportion of residual phosphorus decreased. The phosphorus in the soil samples exhibited obvious vertical migration characteristics. The accumulation of phosphorus weakened the adsorption capacity of soil to phosphorus. Application of organic fertilizers could increase the contents of soil available phosphorus and microbial biomass phosphorus. The risk of soil phosphorus loss in the study area was great. The critical available phosphorus content for soil phosphorus leaching was about 21 mg·kg^-1, which was lower than that of other soils. This study suggested that the application amount of phosphate fertilizer should be controlled in the sandy coastal vegetable soils, and countermeasures regarding reasonal application of phosphorus fertilizer were put forward.

Key words: sandy coastal soil, Hangzhou Bay, phosphorus accumulation, phosphorus form, leaching threshold

CLC Number:

S158

LI Dan, LOU Ling, ZHANG Mingkui, YUAN Hangjie, WANG Jingwen. Characteristics of phosphorus accumulation and critical value of phosphorus leaching in vegetable soils of Hangzhou Bay, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(2): 447-455.

Figures/Tables 7

References 28

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施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	不同土层的pH pH at different soil layers			不同土层的碳酸钙含量 Calcium carbonate content at different soil layers/(g·kg^-1)			不同土层的有机碳含量 Organic carbon content at different soil layers/(g·kg^-1)
施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm
化肥	1	6.32	7.15	7.87	5.78	16.25	40.25	3.71	2.98	2.52
Chemical fertilizers	2	6.51	7.09	7.72	3.87	10.14	33.25	2.89	2.66	2.08
	3	6.22	7.22	7.63	5.14	14.32	28.56	5.98	2.97	2.32
	4	6.04	7.09	7.88	1.98	8.25	31.24	10.14	4.42	2.29
	5	6.14	7.12	7.71	3.89	10.59	30.14	9.87	3.89	2.74
	6	5.91	6.87	7.56	1.99	6.25	35.26	8.75	3.42	2.14
有机无机肥配施	7	6.43	7.14	7.79	9.24	18.54	41.25	4.24	2.14	2.32
Organic fertilizer	8	6.18	7.06	7.35	6.93	11.24	25.32	6.98	2.46	2.42
coupled with	9	6.05	7.22	7.69	2.54	20.54	33.41	8.74	3.24	2.43
inorganic fertilizers	10	6.26	7.44	7.74	4.71	27.52	38.56	12.22	4.08	2.28
	11	6.18	7.16	7.53	3.19	16.52	31.58	9.89	3.65	2.09
	12	6.09	6.68	7.66	2.48	7.87	28.65	11.58	4.25	2.54

施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	不同土层的pH pH at different soil layers			不同土层的碳酸钙含量 Calcium carbonate content at different soil layers/(g·kg^-1)			不同土层的有机碳含量 Organic carbon content at different soil layers/(g·kg^-1)
施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm
化肥	1	6.32	7.15	7.87	5.78	16.25	40.25	3.71	2.98	2.52
Chemical fertilizers	2	6.51	7.09	7.72	3.87	10.14	33.25	2.89	2.66	2.08
	3	6.22	7.22	7.63	5.14	14.32	28.56	5.98	2.97	2.32
	4	6.04	7.09	7.88	1.98	8.25	31.24	10.14	4.42	2.29
	5	6.14	7.12	7.71	3.89	10.59	30.14	9.87	3.89	2.74
	6	5.91	6.87	7.56	1.99	6.25	35.26	8.75	3.42	2.14
有机无机肥配施	7	6.43	7.14	7.79	9.24	18.54	41.25	4.24	2.14	2.32
Organic fertilizer	8	6.18	7.06	7.35	6.93	11.24	25.32	6.98	2.46	2.42
coupled with	9	6.05	7.22	7.69	2.54	20.54	33.41	8.74	3.24	2.43
inorganic fertilizers	10	6.26	7.44	7.74	4.71	27.52	38.56	12.22	4.08	2.28
	11	6.18	7.16	7.53	3.19	16.52	31.58	9.89	3.65	2.09
	12	6.09	6.68	7.66	2.48	7.87	28.65	11.58	4.25	2.54

施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	不同土层的全磷含量 Total phosphorus content at different soil layers			不同土层的有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content at different soil layers			不同土层的微生物生物量磷含量 Microbial biomass phosphorus content at different soil layers
施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm
化肥	1	418	404	324	8.98	5.24	4.25	19.24	13.66	8.56
Chemical fertilizers	2	522	389	345	12.54	4.33	4.53	28.59	17.54	7.98
	3	678	442	402	22.98	8.54	4.25	30.59	15.69	6.59
	4	724	465	387	25.89	7.24	3.15	36.55	12.54	7.95
	5	874	614	411	71.26	21.47	8.57	65.47	22.58	9.74
	6	1 132	864	551	148.59	35.65	14.22	124.97	37.58	15.24
有机无机肥配施	7	396	377	376	10.02	5.33	3.59	51.23	21.54	10.24
Organic fertilizer	8	432	413	397	13.58	6.98	3.05	46.98	28.65	13.69
coupled with	9	568	449	356	19.68	5.87	3.24	56.49	32.14	8.14
inorganic fertilizers	10	712	549	413	45.89	10.25	5.74	74.32	43.65	15.64
	11	924	668	455	82.57	18.57	12.14	98.56	41.96	25.69
	12	1 342	914	624	176.58	42.98	18.59	166.59	48.29	26.87

施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	不同土层的全磷含量 Total phosphorus content at different soil layers			不同土层的有效磷含量 Available phosphorus content at different soil layers			不同土层的微生物生物量磷含量 Microbial biomass phosphorus content at different soil layers
施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm
化肥	1	418	404	324	8.98	5.24	4.25	19.24	13.66	8.56
Chemical fertilizers	2	522	389	345	12.54	4.33	4.53	28.59	17.54	7.98
	3	678	442	402	22.98	8.54	4.25	30.59	15.69	6.59
	4	724	465	387	25.89	7.24	3.15	36.55	12.54	7.95
	5	874	614	411	71.26	21.47	8.57	65.47	22.58	9.74
	6	1 132	864	551	148.59	35.65	14.22	124.97	37.58	15.24
有机无机肥配施	7	396	377	376	10.02	5.33	3.59	51.23	21.54	10.24
Organic fertilizer	8	432	413	397	13.58	6.98	3.05	46.98	28.65	13.69
coupled with	9	568	449	356	19.68	5.87	3.24	56.49	32.14	8.14
inorganic fertilizers	10	712	549	413	45.89	10.25	5.74	74.32	43.65	15.64
	11	924	668	455	82.57	18.57	12.14	98.56	41.96	25.69
	12	1 342	914	624	176.58	42.98	18.59	166.59	48.29	26.87

剖面序号 Section serial No.	土层深度 Soil depth/cm	H₂O-Pi	NaHCO₃-Pi	NaOH-Pi	HCl-Pi	NaHCO₃-Po	NaOH-Po	R-P
1	0~20	0.54	19.02	16.64	201.77	5.52	38.50	136.02
	20~40	0.44	15.43	8.78	228.68	3.24	15.43	132.01
	40~80	0.28	9.43	10.21	154.2	2.23	5.65	141.98
2	0~20	1.12	22.55	25.16	256.56	5.90	72.71	137.93
	20~40	0.41	14.54	11.32	190.63	2.76	24.34	145.02
	40~80	0.24	7.89	10.44	180.67	2.11	7.65	135.89
3	0~20	3.45	38.31	30.17	341.92	7.32	112.83	143.98
	20~40	0.66	17.54	14.32	224.71	4.32	32.45	148.02
	40~80	0.38	11.32	11.23	230.07	3.24	8.76	136.95
4	0~20	4.27	42.64	23.67	359.61	15.28	124.28	147.10
	20~40	0.67	18.45	16.57	238.79	5.76	48.76	135.96
	40~80	0.36	12.43	12.43	193.56	4.66	11.56	152.03
5	0~20	10.12	118.34	38.19	423.72	7.25	114.38	162.10
	20~40	1.43	25.67	18.76	376.93	4.34	39.87	147.02
	40~80	0.52	13.76	15.65	217.54	2.88	11.65	148.89
6	0~20	15.67	154.23	30.12	646.34	8.67	118.97	158.12
	20~40	2.56	35.64	22.15	613.07	5.23	42.35	143.11
	40~80	1.13	24.23	16.97	355.12	3.12	12.43	137.95

Characteristics of phosphorus accumulation and critical value of phosphorus leaching in vegetable soils of Hangzhou Bay, China

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剖面序号 Section serial No.	土层深度 Soil depth/cm	H₂O-Pi	NaHCO₃-Pi	NaOH-Pi	HCl-Pi	NaHCO₃-Po	NaOH-Po	R-P
1	0~20	0.44	16.56	3.21	169.60	6.54	46.65	153.05
	20~40	0.23	13.32	2.65	199.14	4.32	21.34	135.93
	40~80	0.32	11.45	3.65	204.91	2.22	11.45	142.01
2	0~20	0.73	23.76	7.50	194.69	9.56	32.76	163.06
	20~40	0.34	14.67	4.23	216.42	4.56	18.78	154.11
	40~80	0.28	12.43	4.13	219.86	3.76	13.54	143.89
3	0~20	1.11	32.76	10.20	315.52	17.65	54.76	154.03
	20~40	0.54	19.76	2.65	251.08	11.32	24.65	138.96
	40~80	0.39	14.65	3.24	161.51	5.45	15.76	155.02
4	0~20	2.28	87.65	11.77	297.33	21.43	153.54	137.93
	20~40	0.65	23.67	3.44	289.72	15.65	67.87	148.04
	40~80	0.43	16.54	5.23	194.12	11.23	32.45	152.89
5	0~20	8.04	143.34	17.51	451.37	16.87	139.87	147.03
	20~40	3.65	43.65	4.24	390.72	9.87	59.87	156.10
	40~80	1.69	21.65	3.65	239.80	4.56	34.65	149.11
6	0~20	14.65	172.21	5.34	839.94	14.32	132.54	163.02
	20~40	5.21	59.87	4.24	645.78	8.76	42.14	147.93
	40~80	2.69	32.14	4.11	393.96	5.45	23.65	161.95

施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	不同土层的最大吸附量Maximum adsorption capacity at different soil layers
施肥方式 Fertilization method	剖面序号 Section serial No.	0~20 cm	20~40 cm	40~80 cm
化肥Chemical fertilizers	1	209	261	247
	2	182	247	251
	3	168	216	237
	4	137	173	204
	5	125	148	185
	6	74	151	171
有机无机肥配施	7	184	251	262
Organic fertilizer coupled with	8	196	252	237
inorganic fertilizers	9	174	218	244
	10	118	173	192
	11	79	137	165
	12	52	106	137

[1]	YUAN Taiyan, YAN Zhengjuan, HUANG Chengdong, ZHANG Zhiye, WANG Xinlong. Adsorption-desorption characteristics of ammonium polyphosphate in purple soils [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(2): 403-416.
[2]	SHAN Yingjie, REN Bailin, CHEN Yuhang, DING Zhifeng, ZHANG Mingkui. Status of soil phosphorus pools in Zizania latifolia field and their relationships with plantation years and leaching risk [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(11): 2645-2654.